Lichans Sunhar
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Lichans-Sunhar Lexantzu-Zunharre |
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Montagne Basque | |
| Community association | Pays Basque | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 6 ′ N , 0 ° 52 ′ W | |
| height | 232-589 m | |
| surface | 3.43 km 2 | |
| Residents | 81 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 24 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64470 | |
| INSEE code | 64340 | |
 Center of Lichans |
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Lichans-Sunhar is a French municipality with 81 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the Canton of Montagne Basque (until 2015: Canton Tardets-Sorholus ).
The name in the Basque language is Lexantzu-Zunharre . The inhabitants are called Lexanztar or Zunharrar accordingly .
geography
Lichans-Sunhar is located about 30 km southwest of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the Hoch-Soule region of the historic Soule province in the French part of the Basque Country .
Lichans-Sunhar is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Alos Sibas adventure | ||
| Alçay-Alçabéhéty-Sunharette |
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Laguinge restoue |
| Lacarry-Arhan-Charritte-de-Haut |
Etchebar Licq-Athérey |
Lichans-Sunhar is located in the catchment area of the Adour River . The Saison , a tributary of the Gave d'Oloron , flows with its tributary, the Ruisseau Elgalarena, through the territory of the municipality.
history
The former parishes of Lichans and Sunhar merged on August 5, 1842 to form the new parish of Lichans-Sunhar.
Toponyms and mentions of lichans were:
- Lixans (1385, manuscript collection by André Duchesne , volume 114, sheet 43),
- Lissans and Lixantz (1475 and 1480, contracts by Ohix, notary by Soule, sheets 21 and 72),
- Lexans and Saint-André de Lichans (1608 and 1678 respectively, publications by the Diocese of Oloron ) and
- Lichans (1750, map by Cassini ).
Population development
After a peak in the number of inhabitants of over 300 in the middle of the 19th century, the number fell to a level of around 80 inhabitants during short periods of recovery until the 1970s, which is still held today.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 105 | 107 | 83 | 83 | 93 | 80 | 76 | 69 | 81 |
Attractions
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- Parish church of Lichans, consecrated to the Apostle Andrew , built between the 17th and 18th centuries. The long building is flanked by a square bell tower above the entrance porch, which has a long polygonal helmet covered with slate . The church owns u. a. a baroque altarpiece and a lecture cross from the 16th century. In the cemetery that surrounds the parish church, there are several disc-shaped grave steles, called Hilarri .
- Hilarri in the Lichans cemetery
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- Parish Church of Sunhar, dedicated to the apostle Simon Peter . The church was built on the top of a hill between the 11th and 12th centuries. The massive building is flanked by a bell gable with two openings for the bells and closed on the other side with a round apse with a vaulted ceiling. Its roof is decorated with a surrounding cornice . A gallery and a wooden vault interrupt the walls inside the Romanesque building. Its entrance portal is designed in a sober style. Its wooden door is framed out of stones, which surrounds a tympanum with an engraved Christ monogram . As with many Christ monograms, the signs for Alpha and Omega are also shown here as accompanying motifs, symbols for the beginning and end of creation. In the surrounding cemetery in Sunhar, disk-shaped grave steles can also be seen, two of which are registered as national treasures.
- Fixtures and fittings from the Parish Church of Sunhar
Altarpiece
Mary and baby Jesus
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- House Etxekopar. The architecture of houses typical of the Soule, which differs from that in the other regions of the Basque Country, can first be recognized by the roofs. The characteristic roof of the Soule, as in the case of this house, is a hipped roof covered with black slate with a high pitch that allows the snow, which often occurs in winter, to be cleared quickly. In contrast to houses in the other two Basque regions, houses in the Soule, like this house, do not have a balcony or half-timbering on the facades, which in this house are designed with an ornate lintel of the entrance door and teeth on the corners of the house walls. The fall dates from 1791, as its inscription shows, and reveals a lot about the political attitudes of its residents at the time. The work consists of several stones and covers the area between the door and the window above. In addition to the year, the abundance of irises is instructive. 1791 is two years after the storming of the Bastille and the beginning of the French Revolution . That year, the royal family made an unsuccessful escape attempt . Significant for the Basque Country was the decree a year earlier, which provided for the removal of all bishops and pastors who refused to recognize the new civil constitution of the clergy . The vast majority of the Basque clergy were opposed to it, and the population supported and protected their clergy, so that Holy Masses were held in secret in barns or houses while the churches remained empty. The design of the lintel of a house opposite the parish church with irises, symbols of the French king, is a sign of the attitude of the residents of that time, probably the entire community, to the new constitution , which was perceived as unchristian .
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture, with a focus on livestock and pasture farming, is the municipality's most important economic factor. Lichans-Sunhar is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally produced semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2015
total = 15
total = 15
sport and freetime
- An easy circular route with a length of 4 km and a difference in altitude of 320 m leads from the Frontón of Lichans to the 572 m high Chapeau du gendarme ( Lexantzümendi in Basque ), which got its name "gendarme hat " because of its shape of a bicorn .
- Another easy circular route with a length of 6.5 km and a difference in altitude of 190 m leads from the Frontón of Lichans through oak forests to the districts of Abense-de-Haut and Sibas in the neighboring municipality and Sunhar.
traffic
Lichans-Sunhar is crossed by Route départementale 57.
Personalities
- Pierre Hilarion Anchen, born November 20, 1879 in Lichans-Sunhar, died on May 2, 1967 in Kōyama, Kagoshima Prefecture , Japan , was a French missionary for the Paris Mission .
Web links
Commons : Lichans-Sunhar - collection of images, videos and audio files
- Lichans-Sunhar on the Montagne Basque Tourist Office website (French)
- Lichans-Sunhar on the website of the Soule Tourist Office (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Information on the “Kintoa” ham on the Montagne Basque Tourist Office website (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lieux - toponymie Lexantzü-Zunharre (Ibarrezker) ( fr ) euskaltzaindia . Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Lichans-Sunhar ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- ^ A b Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 102, 1863. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- ↑ Notice Communale Lichans-Sunhar ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Lichans-Sunhar (64340) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- ↑ Eglise Saint-André de Lichans ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on August 21, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- ↑ Église Saint-Pierre de Sunhar ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on August 21, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- ↑ Portail de l'église Saint-Pierre de Sunhar ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on August 21, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- ↑ Stèles discoïdales du cimetière de Sunhar ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on August 21, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Maison Etxekopar ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on August 21, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Linteau de la maison Etxekopar ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on August 21, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- ↑ Lichans-Sunhar ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on August 21, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Lichans-Sunhar (64340) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- ↑ Le chapeau du gendarme / Lexantzümendi ( fr , PDF) Tourist Office of the Souls. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- ↑ Les allées de chênes - Haritx herroketa ( fr , PDF) Tourist Office of the Souls. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
