Gurmençon
| Gurmençon | ||
|---|---|---|
|
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Oloron-Sainte-Marie-1 | |
| Community association | Haut Bearn | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 9 ′ N , 0 ° 36 ′ W | |
| height | 220-277 m | |
| surface | 2.98 km 2 | |
| Residents | 884 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 297 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64400 | |
| INSEE code | 64252 | |
 Gurmençon Town Hall |
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Gurmençon is a French municipality with 884 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). It belongs to the Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the Canton of Oloron-Sainte-Marie-1 (until 2015: Canton of Oloron-Sainte-Marie-Ouest ).
The residents are called Gurmençonais or Gurmençonaises .
geography
Gurmençon is about five km south and thus in the urban catchment area of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the historic province of Béarn .
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Bidos | ||
| Agnos |
.svg)
|
Oloron-Sainte-Marie |
| Asasp-Arros | Eysus |
Gurmençon is located in the catchment area of the Adour River . The Gave d'Aspe , which forms the Gave d'Oloron further downstream at the confluence with the Gave d'Ossau , largely marks the eastern border with the neighboring communities of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and Eysus.
history
The original center of Gurmençon was a little deeper in the Middle Ages than it is today and was crossed by a road "from Sainte-Marie and Oloron". It was probably born in the 13th century. 1307 Auger, landlord of Agnos , was installed as feudal lord over Gurmençon. A census in 1385 counted 18 households in Gurmençon and noted that the village belongs to the Bailliage of Oloron. During the French Revolution in 1789, Gurmençon was one of the first parishes in Béarn to draw up its Cahiers de Doléances ( Book of Appeal) for the members of the Estates General .
On February 1, 1973 the municipality merged with the neighboring municipality of Agnos to form the municipality of Val-du-Gave-d'Aspe. On January 1, 1983, the merger was revised.
Toponyms and mentions of Gurmençon were:
- Grumensoo (1383, contracts of the notary Luntz),
- Gurmensoo (1385, census in the Béarn),
- Gurmensson and Guirmenson (1546, collection of manuscripts from the 16th to 18th centuries) and
- Sent Joan de Gurmençon (1620, publications of the Diocese of Oloron ).
Population development
After the population peaked at over 400 in the first half of the 19th century, the number fell by around 40% with short growth phases by the end of the 19th century. Until the merger with Agnos in 1973 the population had grown to over 300 inhabitants. With the Agnosiens over 400 inhabitants were added. Since then, the number of residents has continued to rise, especially around the turn of the millennium.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 328 | 325 | 730 | 752 | 763 | 729 | 827 | 799 | 884 |
Attractions
- Parish church dedicated to John the Baptist . The former center of Gurmençon was a little deeper in the valley of the Gave and the former church appeared to be too remote. In 1848 both a project to restore the former parish church according to plans by the architect Liaras from Oloron-Sainte-Marie and a first project of the new building according to plans by the architect Sorbé from Oloron-Sainte-Marie failed. In 1850 the council of the municipality finally approved the construction of a new church in the current town center in Romanesque style according to plans by the architect Emile Loupot from Pau . In 1858, work began on the new church, during which the former was demolished. In 1860 floor tiles were laid out as a mosaic , 1860–1861 a set of stained glass windows was used, works by the glass painter Louis-Victor Gesta from Toulouse . The building was approved in 1863 and the new church was consecrated in 1884 . The new church has a bell tower above the entrance and a three-aisled nave with two side chapels as a false transept . It has interesting murals on the Apsiskalotte depicting the baptism of Jesus and in the southern side chapel with the motif of the Cross , a work by Pierre Gorse from the year 1871. Notable items of equipment of the church are a tabernacle dating from the 18th century in the choir , a Entombment of Christ in one of the side chapels and a statue of St. Anne , which comes from the former parish church of Gurmençon or from the Saine-Anne church in Oloron-Sainte-Marie.
- Gurmençon Castle. The building, which is a bit away from the old town center, was the residence of the feudal lord de Lassalle in the 17th century, who in 1639 was given permission in a decree to use the wood necessary for the Nau from the forests for construction. After the Lassalle family, the property fell to the Lamouroux in the same century and to the Paillette family in the 18th century. There are no traces of various stages of construction, the appearance of the current building dates from the 18th century.
- Gurmençon Mill. Mentioned for the first time in the 16th century, it is located below the castle on a lower step in the terrain. Fed by a canal to discharge the Gave, the primary function of the watermill was to grind grain. As a result, it was also expanded as a fulling mill . A paper mill was then built, which had to give way to a hydroelectric power station after 1850 . In 1927, the Société des Forces Motrices de Gurmençon company was founded to operate the power plant. The main shareholder, Marquis de Rozan, set up a chocolate factory in Oloron-Sainte-Marie, which obtained electricity from the power station. In 1962 the Etchegoyen family from Mauléon-Licharre bought the property and in 1976 a new hydropower plant was built. The dovecote of the former owners can still be seen near the former mill .
- Memorial to the memory of those who died in the wars. Unlike the corresponding monuments in most other communities, this memorial was not erected after the end of the First World War , but only in the second half of the 20th century. It commemorates those who fell in the community in both world wars and in the Indochina War . It consists of a light-colored monolith on which, in addition to nine names, a biblical quote from Paul's letter to the Romans can be read, which freely translates as: "Honor and peace to all those who do good". The monolith has a marble slab with a bird in relief , its wings spread out in flight, a symbol of freedom and peace.
- Gate to the Aspetal. In the middle of a roundabout in Gurmençon on the national road that leads from Oloron-Sainte-Marie through the Aspetal to the Somport Pass, a large monument , called Porte d'Aspe , protrudes . It symbolizes the entrance to the Aspetal and was created by the Spanish artist Pedro Tramullas in the 20th century from marble blocks from Arudy . At the same time it combines the megalithic culture , the symbolic power of the Romanesque, the theme of creation and the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela . The symbols carved into the stone based on Romanesque models are reminiscent of the pilgrims' search for spirituality . The historic “Gate to Aspetal” was located higher in the valley and was a toll station.
Economy and Infrastructure
Gurmençon is located in the AOC area of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made cheese made from sheep's milk.
total = 42
education
Gurmençon has a public pre-school and primary school.
sport and freetime
There is a possibility of fishing for trout in the area of the municipality.
traffic
The commune can be reached via Route nationale 134 and Routes départementales 55 and 155.
Line 63 of the TER Aquitaine , a regional train of the national SNCF , serves the route from Pau to Bedous via Oloron-Sainte-Marie, the currently operated part of the Pau-Canfranc railway line . The railroad crosses the municipality without a stop.
Web links
- Gurmençon on the website of the Tourist Office of the Association of Municipalities (French)
- Gurmençon on the Association of Municipalities website (French)
- Website of the canton tourist office (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pyrénées-Atlantiques Gentile ( fr ) habitant.fr. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Gurmençon ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Gurmençon ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
- ^ A b Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 74, 1863. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
- ↑ Agnos – Quelques points d'histoire ( fr ) City Hall of Agnos. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
- ^ Agnos ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
- ↑ Notice Communale Gurmençon ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved June 9, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Gurmençon (64252) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved June 9, 2017.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
- ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved June 9, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Château seigneurial de Gurmençon ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 9, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Moulin de Gurmençon ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 9, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Monument aux morts de Gurmençon ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 9, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Porte d'Aspe ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 9, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved June 9, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune de Gurmençon (64252) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved on June 9, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ École maternelle et élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
- ↑ Gurmençon ( fr ) “Pyrénées Béarnaises” tourist office. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
