Sus (Pyrénées-Atlantiques)
| Sus | ||
|---|---|---|
|
||
| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Le Coeur de Bearn | |
| Community association | Bearn des Gaves | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 18 ′ N , 0 ° 46 ′ W | |
| height | 118-263 m | |
| surface | 11.50 km 2 | |
| Residents | 375 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 33 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64190 | |
| INSEE code | 64529 | |
 Town hall and school of Sus |
||
Sus is a French commune of 375 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the canton of Le Cœur de Béarn (until 2015: canton of Navarrenx ).
geography
Sus is located about 20 km northwest of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the historic province of Béarn .
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Susmiou | Navarrenx | |
| Angous |
.svg)
|
Jasses |
| Moncayolle-Larrory-Mendibieu | Gurs |
Sus lies in the catchment area of the Adour River on the left bank of the Gave d'Oloron .
Tributaries of the Gave cross the territory of the municipality,
- the Geronis and
- the Lausset with its tributaries,
- the Arrec de la Mouline and
- the Hauga.
history
According to the records, the founding of the village does not date before the 12th century. During this time it was mentioned under the name Sus-Majour in contrast to Sus-Menour , today's neighboring municipality of Susmiou. In the course of the Middle Ages , several castles were built in what is now the municipality, three of which are still visible today and one was probably built on the area of an earlier ancient fortified camp. The 1385 census of Béarn counted 30 households in Sus and the village was part of the Bailliage of Navarrenx. Cagots , a group of people who were discriminated against and largely excluded from social life in Spain and France from the 13th to well into the 19th century, for reasons still unknown today , also lived in a quarter . According to experts, descendants of Cagots still live in Sus today. During the Huguenot Wars , the landlord Philippe de Sus sided with the Catholic side. After being sentenced to death by hanging, he was able to save his life by swearing allegiance to the Protestant Queen, Jeanne d'Albret . A lay monastery under the Viscount of Béarn was established in Sus. In the 18th century it was part of the property of the Abbadie-Partarrieu family.
According to legend, Hruotland , traditionally called Roland in German, is said to have cut a rock south of the center of the municipality with his sword. Since then, spring water has been flowing through the crevice. On the rock is a horseshoe can be seen as an impression of Roland's warhorse .
Toponyms and mentions of Sus were:
- Sus-Maiour (12th century, according to Pierre de Marca's book Histoire de Béarn , p. 272),
- Sancte-Cataline Dessus and Sent-Saubador Dessus (1384 and 1396, notaries from Navarrenx),
- Suus (1548, reformation de Béarn , collection of manuscripts from the 16th to 18th centuries, B. 760, sheet 8),
- Sent-Johan de Sus (1608, publications of the Diocese of Oloron ),
- Sus (1750, map by Cassini ),
- Suuns (1793, Notice Communale ) and
- Sus (1801, Bulletin des lois ).
Population development
The community peaked in size with around 510 inhabitants in the middle of the 19th century. In the period that followed, the size of the community stagnated during brief phases of recovery until the 1960s to around 280 inhabitants. Since then, there has been an overall upward trend with major fluctuations, which is still ongoing today.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 467 | 486 | 490 | 438 | 437 | 535 | 486 | 509 | 375 |
Attractions
- Church of the Redeemer. There are no traces left of the former church, which was set on fire by Protestant troops in 1569. Today's church has a nave two bays in length and a main nave and two side aisles, which are separated from the central nave by arched arcades. Two side chapels form a false transept. A lateral entrance porch grants access. It was built together with the bell tower above in the 17th century and restored or partially rebuilt in 1873. The year can be read on the white stone of the lintel above the entrance portal . The tower has a square floor plan with a side length of five meters. At a height of 15 m there are coupled arcades as sound openings. His helmet carries a with slate roofed tent roof with a cross made of iron and a tap of zinc on its tip, also known as a lightning rod function.
- Leaded glass window of the parish church of Sus
- Country castle Laroque. The castle is surrounded by a park with trees and consists of a rectangular, two-story residential building, which is decorated with polygonal tours at the corners of the front facade . The window openings on the ground floor are vaulted and rectangular on the first floor. A central, slightly protruding risalit is emphasized by a flight of stairs on the ground floor, a balcony on the first floor and a step in the roof line. The rooms on the top floor receive light from four oval hatches and a large hatch with a triangular gable in the risalit.
- Dovecotes . There are still two dovecotes in Sus. One is one of the outbuildings of Dufor Castle and was built in the 19th century. It is a square brick tower on two levels. The lower level is used as a wine store, the upper level for raising pigeons. The other dovecote is mentioned in a census in 1676. It belonged to Isaac de Sainte Sandeins, the owner of the associated castle. It has the shape of a round tower and is now furnished as an apartment.
Economy and Infrastructure
Sus is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
total = 35
education
The community has a public primary school with 23 students in the 2017/2018 school year.
sport and freetime
A circular path with a length of 13 km and a difference in altitude of 268 m leads from the center of the municipality over long stretches through the wooded area of the municipality. He happens u. a. the legendary source of Roland.
traffic
Sus can be reached from Routes départementales 2, 69, 135 and 936, the former Route nationale 636 , and is connected to Mauléon-Licharre , Navarrenx, Mourenx and other communes in the department by a line from the Transports 64 bus network .
Personalities
Pierre de Saint-Cricq, born on August 24, 1772 in Orthez , died on February 25, 1854 in Pau , was a French customs officer, politician and peer of France . His family owned one of the castles in Sus.
Web links
- Atlas du Patrimoine Historique et Culturel with pictures from Sus (French)
- Sus on the website of the former community association (French)
- "Transports 64" bus from the department (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Filière Porc Basque website (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ma commune: Sus ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ↑ a b Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Sus ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ^ A b Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. 165, 1863. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Sus ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Sus (64529) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ↑ Église Saint-Sauveur ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ↑ Clocher-porche de l'église Saint-Sauveur ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Sauveur ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ↑ Château Laroque ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ↑ Pigeonnier de Dufor ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Sus (64529) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ^ École élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ↑ Circuit 8 - Sus ( fr , PDF) Office de Tourisme du Béarn des Gaves. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
