Etchebar
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Etchebar Etxebarre |
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Montagne Basque | |
| Community association | Pays Basque | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 5 ′ N , 0 ° 54 ′ W | |
| height | 280-1,025 m | |
| surface | 8.23 km 2 | |
| Residents | 73 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 9 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64470 | |
| INSEE code | 64222 | |
_mairie.JPG) Etchebar Town Hall |
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Etchebar is a French municipality with 73 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the Canton of Montagne Basque (until 2015: Canton Tardets-Sorholus ).
The name in the Basque language is Etxebarre . The inhabitants are called Etxebartar accordingly .
geography
Etchebar is located about 35 km southwest of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the historic province of Soule in the French part of the Basque Country .
Etchebar is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Lichans Sunhar | ||
| Lacarry-Arhan-Charritte-de-Haut |
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Licq-Athérey |
| Larrau |
Etchebar is located in the catchment area of the Adour River . Tributaries of the season flow through the municipality:
- the Ruisseau de Chugaret and
- the Ruisseau Elgalarena, here called Uthurrotche Erreka, with its tributaries
- Belca Erreka and
- Ruisseau Erbeiché.
history
Etchebar is located in a small mountain range. The mining of iron ore ensured the community's livelihood until the 20th century. Although Etchebar was first mentioned in 1385 under the name Chebarne , archaeological sites show a much earlier settlement of the area with different forms. Some are elliptical with a gradual arrangement of walls, others were defensive positions on rocky outcrops.
Other toponyms and mentions of Etchebar were:
- Etchabar (1750, map by Cassini ),
- Etcheban (1793, Notice Communale) and
- Etehebar and Etchebar (1801, Notice Communale).
Population development
After a peak in the number of inhabitants of almost 300 in the middle of the 19th century, the number fell by around 80% to around 60 inhabitants with short growth phases by the turn of the millennium. Since then, the number of residents has increased slightly again.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 114 | 101 | 100 | 93 | 85 | 63 | 62 | 66 | 73 |
Attractions
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- Parish church dedicated to the Immaculate Conception . It was completely rebuilt in the 19th century, but as can be seen from a few Romanesque relics, the original church dates from the Middle Ages . The interior of the gilded wood altarpiece is pyramid-shaped and built on three levels and decorated with several statues and reliefs . The entire work is structured by winding columns , so-called serpentine columns , and finished off with wings on the outside. The altarpiece is framed on both sides with statues depicting Mary with baby Jesus and Joseph with baby Jesus.
- Disc-shaped grave stelae, called Hilarri . Etchebar Cemetery has one of the largest concentrations of Hilarri in the region. The grave stelae are made of stone and consist of a trapezoidal substructure and a round disc top, which is decorated with various symbols. The most common are symbols of life: suns, crescent moons and crosses. However, some symbols also indicate individual characteristics of the deceased, be it in the form of coats of arms for members of noble families or in the form of work tools that are reminiscent of the profession. A disc-shaped grave stele stands outside the cemetery, an unusual feature. It dates from the 15th century, between 1430 and 1449, and belongs to a man named Berterreche. He took part in a dispute between the families of the Beaumont de Mauléon and the Gramont and was killed by the Viscount Beaumont de Mauléon in front of his fiancée's house . The grave stele marks the exact place of his death, the inscription on the disk tells the story of Berterreches. On one side you can see the weapon that led to his death: two bowed bows with an arrow, similar to a crossbow . The other side shows a person lying on the floor with his arms crossed, perhaps a representation of the victim. A sun, a rising moon and the Christ monogram IHS complete the motif. A song telling the tragic event was passed down orally for four centuries until it was finally written down in 1870.
- House Espeldoype. It is the house in which Berterreche's fiancée was born and in front of which the individual grave stele stands. It shows characteristic features of houses of the Soule, in particular the steeply sloping roof, which is intended to prevent snow from piling up on the roof in winter and damaging the house.
- Inscriptions on lintels . Inscriptions on the house facades are not only used for decoration, but also generally for personalizing the houses. They can be just decorative or reveal something about the house or its inhabitants. The inscription was carved directly into the stone of the facade of a house in Etchebar. It shows the year 1776 as an indication of the date of its execution and possibly the date of construction of the house. There is also a Christian cross , a Basque cross called Lauburu , a heart symbolizing the Sacred Heart of Jesus and a rooster that heralds the rising sun. Another house has the year 1823 carved in the same stone that was used to frame the entrance. Other other motifs can be seen, such as a Christian cross and a sun. The symbol of the sun, in particular, plays a major role in Basque culture. With every rising it displaces the forces of darkness and symbolizes the beginning of a new time.
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture and fishing are important economic factors in the community. Etchebar is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally produced semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2014
total = 8
total = 8
sport and freetime
A circular route of medium difficulty with a length of 11.5 km and a difference in altitude of 666 m leads over hills and forests with panoramic views of the Pyrenees and also past the grave stele of Berterreche.
traffic
Etchebar is connected to Route départementale 57.
Web links
Commons : Etchebar - collection of images, videos and audio files
- Etchebar on the Montagne Basque Tourist Office website (French)
- Etchebar on the website of the Soule Tourist Office (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Filière Porc Basque website (French)
Individual evidence
- ^ Lieux - toponymie Etxebarre (Ibarrezker) ( fr ) Royal Academy of the Basque Language . Retrieved May 25, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Etchebar ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
- ↑ a b Regional Council of Aquitaine: Etchebar ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Etchebar ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved May 25, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune d'Etchebar (64222) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved May 25, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Eglise de l'Immaculée Conception ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 25, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Retable de l'église de l'Immaculée Conception ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 25, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Stèles discoïdales du cimetière d'Etchebar ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 25, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Stèle discoïdale de Berterreche ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 25, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Maison Espeldoype ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 25, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Pierre sculptée d'une maison d'Etchebar ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 25, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Pierre sculptée de 1823 d'une maison à Etchebar ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on May 25, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved May 25, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune d'Etchebar (64222) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved on May 25, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Tour d'Etchebar ( fr ) Béarn Pays basque tourist office. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
