Barcus
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Barcus bar box |
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Montagne Basque | |
| Community association | Pays Basque | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 11 ′ N , 0 ° 46 ′ W | |
| height | 176-793 m | |
| surface | 46.93 km 2 | |
| Residents | 642 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 14 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64130 | |
| INSEE code | 64093 | |
 Costume party in front of the town hall of Barcus |
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Barcus is a French municipality with 642 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine . The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the canton of Montagne Basque (until 2015: canton of Mauléon-Licharre ).
The inhabitants are called Barcusiens or Barcusiennes .
The name in the Basque language is Barkoxe .
geography
Barcus is located about 20 km west of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in a valley of the Massif des Arbailles in the historical region of Soule , one of the three historical territories in the French part of the Basque Country . The Massif des Arbailles separates the Soule from Nieder-Navarra in the west. The highest point in the area of the municipality is at the Chapelle de la Madeleine (793 m) on the southwestern border.
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Chéraute | L'Hôpital-Saint-Blaise |
Préchacq-Josbaig Aren Geüs-d'Oloron Saint-Goin Géronce |
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Sauguis-Saint-Etienne Roquiague |
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Esquiule |
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Tardets-Sorholus Trois-Villes |
Lanne-en-Barétous Montory |
Aramits |
Barcus lies in the catchment area of the Adour River . A tributary of the Gave d'Oloron , the Joos , flows through the local area with its tributaries:
- Züztarriko Erreka
- Erreka Handia
- Arrec d'Etchanchu
- Ibarreko Erreka with the tributaries
- Ihitzagako Erreka and its tributary
- Ilharrako Erreka
- Gibelhegietako Erreka and its tributaries
- Azkonxiloko Erreka and
- Athaketa Erreka
- Ihitzagako Erreka and its tributary
- Oihanarteko Erreka
Three tributaries of the Lausset also cross the local area:
- the Ruisseau Ascania
- the laughter reca
- the Ibarle and its tributary, the Ambelseko Erreka.
history
The first inhabitants of Barcus were Celts , who came from what is now Spain , as evidenced by the discovery of Iberian coins dating between 400 and 30 BC. Are dated.
Paul Raymond, archivist and historian of the 19th century, noted the mention of the settlement under the name Barcuys in 1384 by Navarrenx notaries . Further mentions and toponyms were subsequently: Barcuix (1462, notaries from Oloron), Sent-Saubador de Barcuix (around 1470, contracts, recorded by the notary Ohix), Barcoys (1520), Barcux (1580) and as on the map of Cassini drawn in 1750, Bareus (1801, Bulletin des lois ).
In the Middle Ages, the municipality was the seat of a Bailliage , the district of a feudal official of the king, responsible for administrative and legal matters. There was a lay monastery dependent on the vice-count of Soule. During the French Revolution , Barcus was the headquarters of a canton in the Mauléon district with the communes of L'Hôpital-Saint-Blaise and Roquiague. Until the 18th century, the economy was secured by the cultivation of grain, which kept around 30 mills in operation.
Population development
After the peak in the 1830s with almost 2,500 inhabitants, the number has dropped to around a quarter to this day. This trend is still unbroken today.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 1.101 | 990 | 957 | 916 | 788 | 774 | 741 | 738 | 642 |
Culture and sights
Organized by the youth of each community of the Soule, a costume festival with games, singing and dancing takes place every spring on the streets of the communities of the Soule.
Buildings
- Parish Church of Barcus, dedicated to the Ascension of Christ . There is no exact date of the Romanesque church built on this site from the Middle Ages . Part or all of the building was built in 1738, as indicated by the inscription above the entrance. A century later, a complete renovation was carried out in which a church tower was erected over the entrance and the interior was renewed. An important restoration took place between 1930 and 1940, when new stained glass windows were installed, made by the Mauméjean stained glass company , which is well known in the region . Inside the single-nave building, wooden galleries extend over two levels, which can be reached via an external staircase on the south side. The altarpiece dates from the 18th century and is made entirely of wood and gilded and shows various scenes from the life of Jesus , the arrest, the crucifixion and the ascension. In this last scene on the left side of the reredos, Christ is represented by four bodies. First lying on the ground, he gets up in two steps, before he stands upright, hands in prayer, on a cloud towards an angel . A small motif in the top left of the scene shows a look back when Jesus was arrested by a soldier.
- Chapel in the center of Barcus, dedicated to Mary, the mother of Jesus . It was built in 1855 by the community in honor of Mary and for their help against cholera - epidemic , the community had previously attacked. Two statues of the Madonna adorn the building, one outside above the entrance and one inside in a niche. Between the entrance and the statue there is a plaque with an inscription, similar to the ones on many Basque houses. This is written in Basque language: “ Barcochec Mariaren Concepcione Thona Gabiari Cholera Demboran Bere Sokhorricaliari. 1855 ”and means:“ Barcus of the Immaculate Mary received (for) her help in the time of cholera. 1855 ". The statue above the tablet shows Mary with outspread arms and open hands, as if to bless and protect the faithful. The other statue inside shows the representation of the Madonna with baby Jesus , one of the most common motifs in the Catholic Church since the 13th century. It connects the theme of the birth of Jesus with that of the Mother of God. Both people wear a crown that is reminiscent of irises in its shape . Mary's cloak is also embroidered with this symbol of purity. The structure of the chapel is not very reminiscent of a place of worship, but rather of typical houses in the Soule region. It has a tent roof covered with slate , which slopes steeply so that the snow from the nearby Pyrenees does not stick to the roof. The only external element that indicates a place of worship is the small bell tower on the roof ridge .
Economy and Infrastructure
The focus of the economy is on agriculture. Barcus is located in the AOC areas of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
total = 112
traffic
Barcus is connected by route départementales 24, 59, 159, 347, 459 and 859.
Personalities
- Léon Urthuburu (1803-1860), born in Barcus. When he was 20 years old , he emigrated to Ecuador , where he ran a flourishing business and became Vice-Consul of France in Guayaquil . The Governor General of the Galapagos Islands , General José de Villamil, owed him money that he could not repay. He therefore offered Léon Urthuburu his property on the island of Floreana in the Galápagos Archipelago to settle his debts . Was taken just as the buying perfect, died Léon Urthuburu and bequeathed his estate to the relief organization of Barcus, which provides the land to this day claims.
- Pierre Topet (1786–1862), called "Etxahun", Basque poet, born in Barcus.
- Jean Touan, born in Barcus in 1817, opened Café Tortoni in Buenos Aires ( Argentina ) in 1858 .
- André Chilo, (1898-1982) was a French national rugby union player .
Web links
- Barcus on the website of the Soule Tourist Office (French) * Website of the Ossau-Iraty AOP (French)
- Filière de l'AOC Porc Basque website (French)
- Barcus on the map by Cassini 1750
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pyrénées-Atlantiques Gentile ( fr ) habitant.fr. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ↑ Lieux - toponymie: Barkoxe (Zuberoa) ( fr ) Royal Academy of the Basque Language . Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ↑ géoportail Barcus ( fr ) Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière . Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Barcus ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ↑ a b Regional Council of Aquitaine: Barcus ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on February 19, 2017. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ^ Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 21, 1863. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ^ France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Barcus ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune de Barcus (64093) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Barcus (64093) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ↑ Mascarade souletine ( fr ) www.eterritoire.fr/. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ↑ église paroissiale de l'Ascension ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Église de l'Ascension ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on February 19, 2017. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ^ Conseil regional d'Aquitaine: Ornementation gauche du retable de l'église de l'Ascension ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on February 19, 2017. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Chapelle du bourg de Barcus ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on February 19, 2017. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Plaque commémorative et Vierge de la chapelle du bourg ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on February 18, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Statue de la Vierge de la chapelle du bourg ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on February 19, 2017. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved October 20, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune de Barcus (64093) ( fr ) INSEE . Archived from the original on February 19, 2017. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ↑ Michel Etcheverry: Une commune basque copropriétaire d'une des îles Galapagos (légende et réalité) ( fr ) In: Bulletin hispanique . Persée . Pp. 54-58. 1940. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
