Athos-Aspis
| Athos-Aspis | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Orthez et Terres des Gaves et du Sel | |
| Community association | Bearn des Gaves | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 25 ′ N , 0 ° 58 ′ W | |
| height | 33-141 m | |
| surface | 5.90 km 2 | |
| Residents | 211 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 36 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64390 | |
| INSEE code | 64071 | |
 Saint-Pierre local church |
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Athos-Aspis is a French municipality with 211 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the canton of Orthez et Terres des Gaves et du Sel (until 2015: canton of Thèze ).
The inhabitants are called Athosais and Athosaises . The name in the Gascognischen language is Atòs-Aspins .
geography
Athos-Aspis is located in the northern part of the department about 45 km northwest of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the Béarn .
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Oraàs | ||
| Abitain |
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| Autevielle-Saint-Martin-Bideren | Guinarthe Parenties | Sauveterre-de-Béarn |
Athos-Aspis lies in the catchment area of the Adour River and lies on the right bank of the Gave d'Oloron . The Heuré and the Arrioutèque and its tributary, the Rance, irrigate the local area. On the southern border of the municipality, the season flows into the Gave d'Oloron.
history
Paul Raymond, archivist and historian of the 19th century, noted the first mention of Athos as Atos in the 11th century in Pierre de Marca's book Histoire de Béarn . In a census in 1385, 19 households were counted in Athos and it was noted that the village is located in the Bailliage of Sauveterre .
Aspis appeared from 1119 to 1136 in the form of Espis in the copial book of the Abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde and was mentioned under the same name in the 1385 census. Other forms of the place name are: Espiis (1544), Aespiis (1546) and Spiis (1548).
At the end of the Middle Ages, the village of Athos was more important than Aspis. It had more residents and several local feudal lords : La Salle, Moliède and Cabé. Aspis initially remained under the administration of Sauveterre, as before Athos. As many liege lords of the Béarn to the Vice Count Gaston III. Fébus testified to their honor, Gilhem von Aspis was among them. At the end of the 15th century, Queen Catherine of Navarre raised the Aspis family to the nobility . It became a local fiefdom with rights of lower and middle jurisdiction, the appointment of local magistrates and access to the chambers of Béarn.
Athos, with the full title Armand de Sillègue d'Athos d'Autevielle, son of the liege lord Adrien de Sillègue, was born around 1615 and died as a musketeer in Paris on December 21, 1643.
On January 10, 1842, the two villages merged to form the municipality of Athos-Aspis.
Population development
After peaking at 438 residents in the mid-19th century, the number steadily declined by the 1950s, more than halving. This trend stopped in the following years and the population has remained roughly at this level to this day.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2014 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 209 | 213 | 203 | 201 | 197 | 203 | 189 | 185 | 197 |
Attractions
- Church dedicated to the apostle Simon Peter . Originally it was built as a chapel of the Athos Castle in the 13th century in the Romanesque style . The building has a simple, rectangular floor plan with a barrel vault and a semicircular apse . The church was rebuilt in the 16th century. Some sandstone blocks in the foundation of the apse and a low arched door on the north side are left of the original structure . Elements of the Renaissance style have been incorporated into this building project , which can be clearly seen on the door on the south side. The cover of the round arch and the sandstone frame above the door are Gothic decorations and are considered to be spoils , i.e. H. Reuse of older components. A pilgrim shell as the background of a statue breaks through the upper frame. A monogram of Christ is set into the wall above this decoration , also a spoil. The interior choir is clad with paneling . The stained glass windows are bright colors, mostly reds, and were added in the 20th century.
- Aspis Castle. Outside the center, in the district of Castet, the estate is located on the edge of the hill above the alluvial land on the right bank of the Gave d'Oloron. At the end of the 15th century, the complex, surrounded by ditches, consisted of a single-storey residential wing, barns, a wine press, stable and a garden with two dovecotes , outward signs of the privileges of a feudal lord. After the French Revolution , it passed into the hands of the Davant family, who still own it today. In 1943 the building was devastated in a fire and then completely rebuilt in the same year. The walls are now plastered and the roof is covered with modern tiles.
- Remains of the castle of Armand de Sillègue. A sign by the remains of the wall indicates that Armand de Sillègue is said to have lived here. However, it is unclear whether he was born in the former castle of La Salle, in the Moliède house in Athos-Aspis or in Autevielle , where his father was also a liege lord. Armand de Sillègue d'Athos d'Autevielle is less famous for his real life than the model for the fictional character of "Arthos" in Alexandre Dumas' novel " The Three Musketeers ". The real person was born around 1615 and joined the French king's guard as a musketeer in 1640 . In contrast to the fictional character, he died three years later.
- Fixed house Moliède. Below the plateau at the confluence of the Arrioutèque brook in the Gave d'Oloron, a tower from the 18th century rises up, a remnant of the fortress house Moliède. The defensive function in troubled times of the past can be read from the traces of loopholes , dungeons and consoles . The names of the owners in the 14th century are known through the census. So Guirat, feudal lord of Moliède, testified in 1364 to the vice count Gaston III. Fébus his proof of honor and oath of loyalty. At the end of the 17th century, the fortress house included a garden, animal enclosure, sheepfold, a water mill over the stream, a dovecote and a boat ferry to Abitain on the opposite side of the Gave d'Oloron.
- Arbus Mill. It is the older of two mills owned by the feudal lords of Leü with the right to ban . This meant that the residents were forced to use the mill for a fee. Another model emerged in the course of the release charter of Espanhoo du Leü, which he granted residents of Oraàs. The free people therefore had to work in the mill for two days a year and could grind their grain there without paying taxes. The mill is now a residential building.
Economy and Infrastructure
The economy is largely determined by agriculture. Athos-Aspis is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
total = 20
traffic
Athos-Aspis is crossed by Routes départementales 27 and 537.
Web links
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Filière de l'AOC Porc Basque website (French)
- Athos-Aspis on the map by Cassini 1750
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pyrénées-Atlantiques Gentile ( fr ) habitant.fr. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
- ^ Athos-Aspis ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Athos-Aspis ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
- ^ Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. S. 16. 1863. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
- ^ Conseil regional d'Aquitaine: Athos-Aspis ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
- ↑ Notice Communale Athos-Aspis ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved February 3, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune d'Athos-Aspis (64071) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved February 3, 2017.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Portail Renaissance de l'église Saint-Pierre ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Église Saint-Pierre d'Athos ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Château d'Aspis ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Vestiges du château d'Armand de Sillègue ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Maison forte Moliède ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Moulin d'Arbus ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
- ↑ http://www2.inao.gouv.fr/public/home.php?pageFromIndex=produits%2Fcommune_index.php~mnu%3D348 (link not available)
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune d'Athos-Aspis (64071) ( fr ) INSEE . Archived from the original on February 6, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.