Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein
| Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein | ||
|---|---|---|
|
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Orthez et Terres des Gaves et du Sel | |
| Community association | Bearn des Gaves | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 23 ′ N , 0 ° 56 ′ W | |
| height | 53-201 m | |
| surface | 6.53 km 2 | |
| Residents | 200 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 31 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64390 | |
| INSEE code | 64480 | |
Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein is a French commune of 200 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the canton of Orthez et Terres des Gaves et du Sel (until 2015: Canton Sauveterre-de-Béarn ).
The name in the Gascognischen language is Sent Gladia-Arriba-Munenh . The name part Saint-Gladie goes back to Saint Litorius , a bishop of Tours from 338 to 370. Arriba comes from the Gascognischen word arriba and means "land near a watercourse", Munein is probably derived from a man named "Muno" .
geography
Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein is about 40 km northwest of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the historical province of Béarn on the border with the historical region of Soule in the French part of the Basque Country .
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Guinarthe Parenties | Sauveterre-de-Béarn | Barraute camu |
| Osserain-Rivareyte |
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|
Montfort |
| Domezain rod |
Etcharry Espiute |
Tabaille-Usquain |
Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein is located in the catchment area of the Adour River and lies on the left bank of the Gave d'Oloron , a tributary of the Gave de Pau . The municipality is crossed by the Saison , a tributary of the Gave, and its tributary, the Ruisseau Haubiel, which rises in Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein.
history
The three villages of Saint-Gladie, Arrive and Munein formed strategic points of defense for Sauveterre, the capital of the Upper Béarn in the Middle Ages . The 1385 census of Béarn counted fourteen households in Saint-Gladie, nine in Arrive and ten in Munein. All villages belonged to the Bailliage of Sauveterre. In Saint-Gladie and Munein there were lay monasteries , vassals of the Viscount of Béarn. A side route of the Camino de Santiago from Vézelay to Santiago de Compostela runs through the municipality. That is why there was a hospital in Saint-Gladie to receive and care for pilgrims . From the middle of the 16th century until 1685 there was a Protestant minority in Saint-Gladie, one of the last Huguenot fiefs in the Béarn. In 1668 religious practice was still allowed, but on April 20, 1685 the Protestant church was destroyed. On May 12, 1841, Saint-Gladie, Arrive and Munein merged to form the municipality of Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein.
Toponyms and mentions of Saint-Gladie were:
- Sanctus-Lidorus (12th century, manuscript collection by André Duchesne , volume 114, sheet 33),
- Sent-Ledie and Sent-Ledier (1384 and 1385, notaries from Navarrenx ),
- Sent-Ladie (1385, census in the Béarn),
- Sent-Ladier and Nostre-Done de Sent-Ladie (1391 and 1413, notaries from Navarrenx),
- Sanladie and Sent-Ladia (1538 and 1540, respectively, reformation de Béarn , manuscript collection from the 16th to 18th centuries),
- Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Saint-Gladie (1655, publications of the Diocese of Oloron ),
- Saint Gladie (1750 and 1793, map by Cassini and Notice Communale, respectively ) and
- Saint-Gladie (1801, Bulletin des lois ).
Toponyms and mentions of Arrive were:
- Arive (1385, census in the Béarn),
- Arribe , Aribe , Arriba and Ribbe (1538, 1546 and 1548 for the last two forms, reformation de Béarn , manuscript collection from the 16th to 18th centuries) and
- Arrive (1750, 1793 and 1801, map from Cassini, Notice Communale , or Bulletin des lois ).
Toponyms and mentions of Munein were:
- Munen (11th century, according to Pierre de Marca's book Histoire de Béarn , p. 400),
- Munenh (1385, census in the Béarn),
- Monehn (1472, notaries from Labastide-Villefranche ),
- Munein (1750, map by Cassini),
- Memein (1793, Notice Communale ),
- Muncin (1801, Bulletin des lois ) and
- Munein (1863, Dictionnaire topographique de la France).
Population development
After the merger of the three municipalities, the number of inhabitants immediately peaked at around 450. As a result, the number fell to around 220 during short recovery phases by the 1950s. After a recovery phase in the following two decades, a phase of stagnation set in again .
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 220 | 230 | 240 | 224 | 209 | 206 | 187 | 175 | 200 |
Attractions
- Parish church in Saint-Gladie, dedicated to John the Baptist . The oldest part of the church is its 12th century bell tower . It is studded with numerous loopholes in its smooth outer walls, seven of them on the west side alone, which gives the church the character of a fortified church . The tower is around 20 m high and has twin windows in the shape of a round arch and oculi on all four sides in the upper part. It contains two of the three yokes of the single-nave nave . The remaining part of the church with a three-walled apse dates from the 14th century. This has large Gothic windows and is equipped with massive buttresses on the outside . Under the entrance porch, a rectangular monogram of Christ from an earlier location has been reused and placed upside down over the ogival entrance. Inside, a large pointed arch rises above the nave and divides it into two parts. The keystone of the intersecting vault ribs in the choir is shaped and painted in the shape of a cross. However, its shape allows several interpretations due to its arms. It could be a paw cross or a Huguenot cross . This ambiguity reflects the eventful religious past of the Bèarn, but could also only be an expression of the artist's creativity. Behind the altar , a painting shows the scene of Jesus being baptized by John the Baptist. Since July 22, 1913, the church has been classified as a Monument historique .
- Former hospital. It is opposite the parish church in Saint-Gladie. The building is equipped with a high roof covered with the flat tiles typical of the region. The lintel over the front door reminds visitors that they are on one of the pilgrimage routes to Santiago de Compostela. It consists of three large sandstone blocks with a medallion on the middle part, which is worked out in half-relief. The border of the medallion is shaped like a cord, reminiscent of the belt worn by monks and pilgrims. The medallion has the noun sacrum IHS carved into a heart below a cross. Above the entrance there is a cross-frame window with a window cross made of bevelled stone. This architectural element is one of the last vestiges of the medieval building and allows the original house to be dated to before the 13th century. A well with an old scooping mechanism can be seen in the courtyard. It consists of a chain over a winch that is operated with a crank. The fountain is protected by a side wall and under a rain roof that has recently been restored.
- Noble house of Saint-Pée . It is the former lay monastery that was not far from the parish church in the center of Saint-Gladie. In the records of the census of 1385 it is listed under the name "l'ostau de Johanot de Sent-Per". His property reaches up to the walls of the cemetery. The property dates from the 18th century, but one wing is in the Louis-Treize style with dormer windows , the windows of which are made with wooden bars. The facades are designed as parapets below the hips .
- Courtyard entrance gate with protective roof (1636). The carefully built stone of the gate surrounds the wealth of the previous owners. The keystone bears the year "1636". A small timber frame on the wall supports a hipped roof covered with traditional flat tiles, which protects the entrance. The preservation of such an old canopy is extraordinary, because in the 18th century tax was levied on it, which led many owners to forego it.
- Courtyard entrance gate with protective roof (1744). It shows many similarities to the gate from 1636. In this gate, too, the stones of the border of the arched gate are carefully built. The small hipped roof is also covered with traditional, rectangular flat tiles. The gate has the two original door leaves studded with nails.
Economy and Infrastructure
Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally produced Osserain-Rivareyte semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
total = 40
traffic
Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein can be reached via Routes départementales 23, 140, 274, 316, 723 and 936, the former Route nationale 636 .
Personalities
Léon Bérard , born on January 6, 1876 in Sauveterre-de-Béarn, died on February 24, 1960 in Paris , was a lawyer, writer and conservative politician of the Third French Republic . His grave is in the Saint-Gladie cemetery, next to the parish church.
Web links
- Atlas du Patrimoine Historique et Culturel with images from Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Filière Porc Basque website (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ a b Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. Pp. 13, 120, 148, 1863. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ a b c David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ Notice Communale Arrive ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ Notice Communale Munein ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein (64480) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ Tour-clocher de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Retrieved on November 28, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Clé de voûte de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ^ Eglise Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ Maison l'Espitau ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ Linteau de la maison l'Espitau ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ Fenêtre à meneaux de la maison l'Espitau ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ Puits de la maison l'Espitau ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ Maison noble de Saint-Pée ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Retrieved on November 28, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Portail de cour avec auvent (1636) ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ Portail de cour avec auvent (1744) ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein (64480) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved November 28, 2017.
