Gestas (Pyrénées-Atlantiques)
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Gestas Jeztaze |
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
| Canton | Le Coeur de Bearn | |
| Community association | Bearn des Gaves | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 21 ′ N , 0 ° 53 ′ W | |
| height | 77-194 m | |
| surface | 2.19 km 2 | |
| Residents | 70 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 32 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64190 | |
| INSEE code | 64242 | |
 Parish Church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste by Gestas |
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Gestas is a French municipality with 70 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie (until 2016: Arrondissement Bayonne ) and the canton of Le Cœur de Béarn (until 2015: Canton Saint-Palais ).
The name of the municipality is Jeztaze in the Basque language . The residents are called Jeztaztar accordingly . The name in the Gascognic language is Gestars .
geography
Gestas is located about 35 km northwest of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the historical province of Béarn as an enclave of the historical province of Soule in the French Basque Country .
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Tabaille-Usquain | Montfort | |
| Espiute |
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| Nabas | Rivehauten |
Gestas lies in the catchment area of the Adour River and lies on the left bank of the Saison , a tributary of the Gave d'Oloron . Two tributaries of the season, the Ruisseau de Sabalot and the Ruisseau d'Usquain, flow through the territory of the municipality.
history
Gestas belongs to the Soule, but is surrounded by the Béarn area. The lords of Gestas had a seat in the Béarn's assembly of estates and at the same time enjoyed privileges of the soul, which was not without controversy. However, they retained these rights until compensation was paid in the 17th century. The community knew how to use its natural environment by building a paper mill on the Gave in the 18th century . In the 20th century industrial activities developed, with a weaving mill and a sawmill with a carpenter's workshop being operated for a while, before the main branch of the economy shifted back to agriculture and livestock.
The map by Cassini from 1750 shows the paper mill at Gave and its affiliation with the Soule.
Toponyms and mentions of gestas were:
- Giestars (12th century, manuscript collection by André Duchesne , volume 114),
- Gestazium and Gestaas (1384 and 1385, notaries from Navarrenx ),
- Gestaas (1385),
- Giestaas (1385, census of the Béarn) and
- Sanctus Joannes de Gestas (1655, publications of the Diocese of Oloron ).
Population development
After the highest number of inhabitants in the first half of the 19th century with over 220 inhabitants, the number fell by a total of around three quarters to around 60 inhabitants during short recovery phases by the 1990s. The population size then stabilized at this level.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 107 | 115 | 93 | 85 | 62 | 70 | 68 | 68 | 70 |
Attractions
- Parish church dedicated to John the Baptist . It has changed a lot over the centuries, but the church is undoubtedly of Romanesque origin. The single nave nave ends in a three-sided apse . On the west side rises a bell gable on which an imposing tower is built. This is subsequently built from regular masonry consisting of small rubble stones to prevent the bell gable from collapsing. Since the previous entrance was covered with its construction, a new side entrance was created. Traces of consoles , destined hurdles to keep, and a sheet-lip in the apse attest that the church next to the sacred was also equipped with a defense function. In the period that followed, windows were installed in the tower so that the rectory , later a private residence, could be set up there. The walls of the church are mainly made of exposed brickwork with small rubble stones, other parts show the simple construction in the Middle Ages with inhomogeneous masonry made of pebbles and rubble stones . In the choir , which today is clad without panels , is the altar and the tabernacle made of wood. In the course of a restoration of the church, the choir has been embellished with two glass windows from 1932, the work of the glass painter Arrencau from Pau .
- Maison du Crestia. "Crestia" means "Christ" in the Occitan language, but in the Gascognic language it means "Cagot". Cagots were an excluded minority throughout south-west France, but especially in the Béarn, whose reasons are still inexplicable. The Cagots were affected by numerous prohibitions and special features, e.g. B. they had to enter the church through a separate entrance, there were separate holy water stoups and separate places in the background of the church. Cagots probably lived in this house until the beginning of the 20th century.
- Former Gestas paper mill , built in the 18th century on the banks of the Gave d'Oloron. A water mill served as a drive for the operation. When the paper mill was converted into a sawmill with a joinery in the 20th century , the water mill was replaced by turbines that used the river's hydropower. The buildings are abandoned today.
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture is the municipality's most important economic factor. Gestas is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally produced semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
total = 11
traffic
Gestas can be reached via Routes départementales 23, 265 and 723.
Web links
- Website of the Tourist Office of the Association of Municipalities (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Gestas on the map by Cassini 1750
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lieux - toponymie: Jeztaze (Pettarra (-a)) ( fr ) euskaltzaindia . Retrieved June 7, 2017.
- ↑ Gestas ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Gestas ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
- ^ Conseil regional d'Aquitaine: Gestas ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
- ^ Jean-Baptiste Orpustan: Nouvelle toponymie basque ( fr ) University of Bordeaux . P. 231. 2006. Accessed June 7, 2017.
- ^ Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 71, 1863. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
- ↑ Notice Communale Gestas ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved June 7, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune de Gestas (64242) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved June 7, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Gestas (64242) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved June 7, 2017.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 7, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Archère de l'église de Gestas ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 7, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Maison du Crestia ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 7, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Ancienne papeterie de Gestas ( fr ) Visites en Aquitaine. Retrieved on June 7, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved June 7, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2014 Commune de Gestas (64242) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved on June 7, 2017. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
