Rébénacq
Rébénacq | ||
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region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
Arrondissement | Oloron-Sainte-Marie | |
Canton | Oloron-Sainte-Marie-2 | |
Community association | Vallée d'Ossau | |
Coordinates | 43 ° 10 ′ N , 0 ° 24 ′ W | |
height | 257-516 m | |
surface | 10.50 km 2 | |
Residents | 682 (January 1, 2017) | |
Population density | 65 inhabitants / km 2 | |
Post Code | 64260 | |
INSEE code | 64463 | |
Website | www.rebenacq.com |
Rébénacq is a French municipality with 682 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the canton of Oloron-Sainte-Marie-2 (until 2015: Canton Arudy ).
Roger d'Arévénac, lieutenant of the Vicomté of Béarn and responsible for building the bastide of Rébénacq in 1347, gave the municipality its name.
The inhabitants are called Rébénacquois and Rébénacquoises .
geography
Rébénacq is about 20 km east of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the historic province of Béarn .
The highest point in the municipality is the Pic de Rébénacq ( 516 m ).
The place is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
Gan | Bosdarros | |
Buzy | ||
Bescat | Sévignacq-Meyracq |
Rébénacq is located in the catchment area of the Adour River . The Nez and Soust , tributaries of the Gave de Pau , cross the territory of the municipality.
history
In the Grotte de l'Œil du Neez on the territory of the municipality, a fragment of a spearhead from Magdalenian was found during archaeological searches .
Between 1330 and 1350 the Viscounts of Béarn founded new villages in the as yet unpopulated areas between the already inhabited areas on the Gaves. The choice for Rébénacq fell on a spot where an ancient path of transhumance crosses the river Nez via a ford. Even today, farmers drive their cattle through Rébénacq in spring and autumn. On June 25, 1347, one day after St. John's Day , the foundation of the Bastide was signed. Involved were the 15-year-old Gaston Fébus , Viscount of Béarn, his lieutenant Roger d'Arévénac and Pierre, landlord and abbot of the lay monastery of Bescat, who had to give up half of his territory on this occasion. The settlement brought many advantages to the new residents. They were free and were exempt from military service for the first 15 years after it was founded. They received a plot of land for their house and a garden (approx. 7 m × 28 m) and a piece of land for cultivation (approx. 14 hectares). Annual taxes on property were predetermined. As with all bastides, the first houses were grouped around a central market square. At the census of the Béarn in 1385, 25 households were counted in Rébénacq. The village belonged to the Bailliage of Nay .
A noble residence de Peyre was mentioned in a document in 1538. The origin of the manor is unknown. Brought in as a dowry from Jeanne de Bescat on her marriage to Jacques d'Arros in 1571, she was sold several times within the family line in the following years. From 1613 the landlord of Rébénacq received a seat in the Béarn Estates Assembly . In 1621 the manor came into the possession of Daniel Labarthe, who made it a baronate in 1632 . François de Pas de Feuquières, who held an embassy post under the French King Louis XIV , raised Rébénacq to the county in 1691. In modern times a small industry for the manufacture of bed linen and hooded coats developed, which was connected with the operation of a fulling mill , which was planned since the foundation of the Bastide. In 1690 a paper mill was put into operation. The Marquis Amans de Saint-Chamans, the last landlord of Rébénacq, emigrated to England in 1789 at the beginning of the French Revolution . In 1794 his property was confiscated, divided up and sold as a "national property". The castle was bought by a local mason who then completely demolished it.
With the loss of the privilege of aristocrats to operate water mills , at least five new owners built their mills for grinding grain on the community's flowing waters. The competition was fierce because the harvest was relatively small. With the emergence of industrial operations in the middle of the 19th century in the larger communities of Béarn, Pau , Oloron or Nay, many millers changed their business or gave up. The fulling mill ceased operations in 1850. The paper mill was converted into a marble factory. The marble saw was closed in 1970, the processing plant in 1982.
Toponyms and mentions of Rébénacq were:
- Arrevenac (1346, contracts of Barrère, notary of the Vicomté of Béarn),
- Revenac (1385, census in the Béarn),
- Bastide de Rebenacq (1445, document from Rébénacq),
- Arrebenag (1457, notary from Assat ),
- Rebenac (1750 and 1793, map by Cassini and Notice Communale ),
- Rebenacq (1801, Bulletin des Lois ) and
- Rébénacq (1863, Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées).
Population development
In the first half of the 19th century, the population reached a level of around 1,100. Since the middle of the century, the number has been reduced to around 500 with short recovery phases by the 1970s. In the 1980s, there was an above-average growth trend, and since the 1990s, a moderate growth trend.
year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
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Residents | 543 | 541 | 505 | 519 | 672 | 673 | 659 | 672 | 682 |
Attractions
- Parish church dedicated to John the Baptist . The first church fell victim to a fire in 1755 and was immediately rebuilt. In 1869 extensive repairs were carried out and the bell tower was raised by three meters. In 1874 the church council decided to rebuild and enlarge the church. Construction work was carried out in 1875, financed by the pastor, the church council and the parish. Between 1877 and 1879 stained glass windows , works by Mauméjean stained glass from Pau, were made. They illustrate u. a. the death of St. Joseph , the miracle of Bétharram , the apostle Peter , St. Martha and Christina, Elisabeth of Thuringia , Catherine of Alexandria , Ludwig IX. of France and the Archangel Michael . The new church was consecrated in 1891. From 1894 to 1899 the entrance porch and the wall paintings in the choir were created by the artist Joseph Castaing from Pau, which were completed by Mrs. G. Rives in the 20th century. The architectural style of today's church is essentially neo-Romanesque , as can be seen from the window openings and the decor of the capitals . Examples of these decorations are depictions of the dove as a symbol of the Holy Spirit , the Sacred Heart of Jesus or symbols of the Eucharist , vines and ears of wheat. The numerous lateral buttresses on the outer walls, on the other hand, are an allusion to a Gothic style. The bell tower carries a with slate covered hood with lantern . The nave has a length of four bays and contains three naves , which are separated by arched arcades .
- Bitaubé Castle. It got its name from a Béarn family who originally came from the neighboring municipality of Gan. Jean-Baptiste, one of its members, came back rich from Spain in 1775 . He had the castle built between 1775 and 1780. His descendants kept it until 1875. The residential wing lined with pavilions comprises four levels, basement, ground floor, first floor and attic. Most of the decor that could be preserved is on the ground floor, living room and dining room with paneling , stucco , fireplaces and fountains. In the other rooms, also on the first floor, this only affects the chimneys. Two former horse stables surround the western facade and delimit a courtyard that leads to an interior, former ornamental garden . The eastern facade is framed by a large terrace above a second more recent ornamental garden. Today the castle is privately owned and not open to the public. Since July 9, 1998, it has been classified as a Monument historique .
Economy and Infrastructure
Rébénacq is in the AOC zone of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally made cheese made from sheep's milk.
Cédric and Christophe Guédot keep around 500 Basco-béarnaise sheep and around 150 Alpine goats. They produce Ossau-Iraty, goat cheese and mixed cheese.
education
The municipality has a public pre-school and elementary school with 69 pupils in the 2017/2018 school year.
sport and freetime
- The purity of the Nez allows trout fishing upstream from the center of the municipality.
- A walking path with a length of 2.2 km and a difference in altitude of 60 m leads through the center of the municipality.
traffic
- Rébénacq can be reached via Routes départementales 389, 934 (former Route nationale 134bis ) and 936 (former Route nationale 636 ) and is connected to other municipalities in the department by a line on the Transport 64 bus network via Pau.
Web links
- Atlas du Patrimoine Historique et Culturel with images from Rébénacq (French)
- Guédot farm on the Ossau-Iraty AOP website (French)
- Rébénacq on the website of the Tourist Office of the Association of Municipalities (French)
- Rébénacq on the Pyrénées Béarnaises Tourist Office website (French)
- "Transports 64" bus from the department (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b La fondation du village: la bastide au XIVe siècle . Rébénacq municipality. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ Pyrénées-Atlantiques Gentilé ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ géoportail - Rébénacq ( fr ) Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière . Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ Ma commune: Rébénacq ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ Regional Council of Aquitaine: Grotte de l'Œil du Neez ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on November 14, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ a b Conseil régional d'Aquitaine: Rébénacq ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on November 14, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ^ A b Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 141, 1863. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ Rébénacq aux XV-XVIIIe siècles . Rébénacq municipality. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ Rébénacq du XIXe siècle à aujourd'hui . Rébénacq municipality. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Rébénacq ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Rébénacq (64463) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ Eglise Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on November 14, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ Bâtiments remarquables . Rébénacq municipality. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ Château de Bitaudé ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on November 14, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ Château de Bitaubé ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher-un-produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Rébénacq (64463) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ^ École maternelle et élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ CIRCUIT N ° 1 PATRIMOINE- La bastide ( fr , PDF) Tourist office of the municipal association. Retrieved November 14, 2017.