Uhart mixes
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Uhart mixes Uhartehiri |
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |
| Arrondissement | Bayonne | |
| Canton | Pays de Bidache, Amikuze et Ostibarre | |
| Community association | Pays Basque | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 17 ′ N , 1 ° 1 ′ W | |
| height | 60-304 m | |
| surface | 11.74 km 2 | |
| Residents | 210 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 18 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 64120 | |
| INSEE code | 64539 | |
 Mairie Uhart mixes |
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Uhart-Mixe is a French municipality with 210 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Bayonne arrondissement and the canton of Pays de Bidache, Amikuze et Ostibarre (until 2015: canton of Saint-Palais ).
The name of the municipality is Uhartehiri in the Basque language . The residents are named accordingly Uhartear or Uhartehiriar . It is a derivation of the Basque ur-arte ( German between the waters ). The name refers to the geographical location at the confluence of the Bidouze with one of its tributaries, which forms an island at this point. The addition Mixe is used to distinguish it from the name of the community Uhart-Cize .
geography
Uhart-Mixe is located about 55 km south-east of Bayonne in the historic Pays de Mixe ( Basque Amikuze ) in the historic province of Lower Navarra in the French part of the Basque Country .
Uhart-Mixe is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Orsanco | Saint-Palais | |
| Ostabat-Asme |
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Larribar-Sorhapuru Lohitzun-Oyhercq |
| Arhansus | Pagolle |
Uhart-Mixe is located in the catchment area of the Adour River .
The Bidouze, a tributary of the Adour, crosses the area of the municipality together with its tributaries, the Pagolla Uraitza, also called Ispatchoury Erreka, and the Urbeltz Erreka, which rises in Uhart-Mixe.
history
Two barrows testify to a settlement before it was mentioned in the records in the 12th century. The history of the village is mostly with their landlord family accompanied Uhart. She comes from a branch of the Luxe family, which played an important role in the Soule . The Uharts fought alongside the King of Navarre with one exception. Bertrand d'Uhart took part in the Seventh Crusade with King Louis IX in 1270 . from France , another family member participated in the Italian Wars . In the 16th century, Gabriel d'Uhart took up arms against his Queen Jeanne d'Albret when she introduced Protestantism into their territory. Strongholds in defense of the Catholic Faith were erected, held by Gabriel and the Luxe family. In the 18th century, the family's influence expanded to the communities of Larribar, Sorhapuru and Garris . Uhart is located at the crossroads of three main roads from Sorde-l'Abbaye , Orthez and Navarrenx , which together led to Santiago de Compostela and thus stimulated the development of the village. This intersection is called Gibraltar , a derivative of the Basque translation of "Heliger Redeemer".
Toponyms and mentions of Uhart-Mixe were:
- deu fard (1125),
- Ufart (1136 and 12th centuries, copy book of the Abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde , p. 23),
- Sanctus Petrus de Uhart (1160),
- Uhart Suson (1316),
- Uarte (1351),
- Huart (1384, manuscript collection by André Duchesne , volume 110, sheet 86),
- Uhart (1413),
- Uhart-Juson en Navarre (1599, documents from the Chamber of Finance),
- Uharte-Juzon and Uhart-Jusson (1621, after Martin de Viscay),
- Uhart (1750, 1793 and 1801, map from Cassini , Notice Communale or Bulletin des lois ) and
- Uhart-Mixe (1863, Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées).
coat of arms
The municipality has had the coat of arms since 2002 and can be interpreted as follows according to Guy Ascarat, heraldist and historian.
The sacred building is the chapel of Soyarce. The wavy bar symbolizes the bidouze that Uhart-Mixe crosses. The four stars recall the four municipalities whose names have the same origin, Uhart-Mixe and Uhart-Cize in the French Basque Country, Huarte and Uharte-Arakil in the autonomous community and province of Navarre . The three scallops indicate the location on one of the pilgrimage routes to Santiago de Compostela.
Population development
After a peak in the number of inhabitants of around 440 in the middle of the 19th century, the number fell to around 210 during brief recovery periods by the 1950s, which is still held today.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2009 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 210 | 214 | 205 | 209 | 202 | 204 | 214 | 223 | 806 |
Attractions
Parish church
It is dedicated to the apostle Peter . In 1893 the church administration and pastor Bernard Oyhamburu decided to completely rebuild the old church from the 15th century, which was in danger of collapsing. The work on the neo-Gothic structure was carried out in 1895 and 1895 by the contractor Philippe Oyhamburu and under the direction of the architect Laborde-Milaà. Around 1896 fourteen glass windows , the work of the glass painter Pierre-Gustave Dagrand from Bayonne, were installed. From 1935 to 1937 the bell tower above the entrance porch was repaired and his helmet rebuilt under the direction of the architect of the department, André Pavlovsky from Saint-Jean-de-Luz . The current nave with a nave is extended by an apse with five walls and flanked by two side chapels.
The ogival glass windows create a color contrast to the simplicity of the church. They tell from the life of Jesus and several saints. The depiction of four holy women is also remarkable, a consequence of the growing devotion to Mary after the apparitions of Mary in Lourdes .
- Teaching Jesus. The frame shows multicolored geometric motifs. The oval, polychrome medallion in the middle of the window is in great contrast to the rest of the surface, which is covered with a white neo-Gothic composition, which is embellished with delicate wickerwork and vines. In the central medallion the motif of the window is depicted, Jesus as a child with Mary and Joseph at his side, who teach him, as the scroll in Joseph's hand shows.
- Dominic and Francis of Assisi . On the left of the two lanes, St. Dominic can be recognized by his attributes . He carries the book he received from Mary, in which the sermon is written that he was asked to deliver. At its feet, a dog holds a torch alluding to a dream its mother had before he was born, in which a dog carries a flame in its muzzle to spread fire across the earth. Franz von Assisi's attribute in the window of the right lane is his large cross, which narrates his great compassion for Christ crucified . This piety arose through the appearance of the Son of God during a prayer in the Church of San Damiano in Assisi .
- Apostles John and Andrew . In the window on the left, John has a quill, a reminder of his Gospel of John . An eagle can be seen behind him, one of his main attributes and evangelist symbol , as his prologue was revealed to him through a voice that came from heaven. Andreas carries a heavy St. Andrew's cross named after him on which he died a martyr .
- Paul and John the Baptist . On the window of the left lane, Paul is depicted with a sword referring to his martyrdom, because he was beheaded by a sword. John the Baptist carries a cross staff that indicates his life in the desert and his faith in Christ. With his gesture of the right index finger pointing upwards, he announces his coming and thus underlines his position as a prophet.
- Katharina von Alexandrien and Johanna Franziska von Chantal . Katharina is depicted in precious clothes, an indication of her origins as the daughter of King Costus. She holds a wagon wheel in one hand and a sword in the other as a sign of her martyrdom. The window on the right shows the co-founder of the Order of the Visitation of Mary , also known as the Salesians or Visitants. The foundation is symbolized by the representation of a monastery building that she wears on her right hand and indicates the first convent in Annecy .
- Clare of Assisi and Teresa of Avila . St. Clare lifts up her attribute, a chalice , with both hands as a sign of the “privilege of poverty”. On the right, Teresa is holding a quill and a book symbolizing her literary works and her will to reform the Church .
- Christ hands over the keys. This scene extends to both lanes of the twin windows. On the left is Christ with the keys in his right hand. In the right window, St. Peter kneels to receive them under the benevolent gaze of Mary and Joseph. The motif emphasizes one of the main tenets of the Catholic Faith, grace and repentance.
The neo-Gothic style of the church can be seen in the two-tone vaults in the nave and choir . It shows the laxity and complexity of pointed arches, inspired by the architecture of the late Middle Ages and in great fashion in the 19th century. While the vault ribs have a sand yellow color, the sky-blue color of the vault surfaces creates a majestic contrast.
The altarpiece , which was created around 1896, is also reminiscent of late medieval art . It is located in the choir and is illuminated by the light coming in through some of the glass windows. The retable is made of pink marble and shows the same pointed arches as the church. A tabernacle is a miniature of an entrance portal with a tympanum of a Gothic church. All pillars and the door of the tabernacle are gilded, an echo of sacred Byzantine art .
Soyarce Chapel
The dating of the previous building, consecrated to Mary, is unknown. It seems to have been inhabited by a hermit in earlier times and to have taken in pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela. Today there are no traces of the original structure, which was replaced by a new chapel in 1894. Almost a century later, the chapel was again neglected and the residents demanded a new building due to damage from storms, which they attributed to the lack of maintenance of the chapel. An inscription above the fall reminds of Mary's protective function against storm damage, especially against hail, which threatens to devastate the harvest. In 1991 a long-standing tradition of procession to this chapel at Pentecost was resumed.
Castle by Uhart
It is located on the peninsula formed by the confluence of the Bidouze and the Ispatchoury Erreka. As with most of the castles and aristocratic residences in the area, the original castle was first mentioned at the end of the 14th century. The influential Uhart family gave the castle its name and owned it between the 16th and 18th centuries. At the beginning of the 16th century, the building was redesigned, as evidenced by the year "1518" above a door. In 1699 the castle was increased by one storey and a southern wing was added, as a corresponding year attests to a lintel. In the 18th century the castle was raised to the seat of a marquisate . During the 18th and 19th centuries, the interior was completely redesigned. With the fall of the First Empire , the star of the Uhart family sank and they had to sell a number of their properties, including Uhart's castle. In 1833 it was bought by Henri Berdoly, a friend of Odilon Redon , who stayed here several times. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the castle changed hands several times. A dovecote still belongs to the property today , which in earlier times was an outward sign of wealth. In addition to the representative function, dovecotes had practical uses in providing food, producing manure for agriculture, and training falcons for hunting. The size of the dovecotes was always proportional to the power of the owner. Unlike the castle, which has been redesigned several times over the centuries, the dovecote is in its original state. The outbuildings of the castle also include a watermill , which bears the same Basque name as the municipality, uharteko ( German between the waters ). Henri Berdoly bought it with the castle and renovated it so that it could produce flour until the 1950s. Twenty years later the mill was sold and has since been repaired. The castle and the dovecote have been classified as Monument historique since March 27, 1996 . They are owned by a private company and are not open to the public.
Old bridge
The bridge consists of three large arches and was built entirely from stones from the Pays de Mixe in the Middle Ages . It allowed pilgrims to Santiago de Compostela, and thus still today, to safely cross the Bidouze.
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture is traditionally the most important economic factor in the municipality.
Uhart-Mixe is located in the AOC zones of Ossau-Iraty , a traditionally produced semi-hard cheese made from sheep's milk, as well as the pig breed and the ham "Kintoa".
Total = 30
sport and freetime
- The GR 65 long-distance hiking trail from Geneva to Roncesvalles also runs through the territory of the municipality. It follows the Via Podiensis , one of the four historic St. James' paths.
- A medium-difficult circular route with a length of 10 km and a difference in altitude of 230 m runs along a section of the Camino de Santiago and leads past the Soyarce chapel.
traffic
Uhart-Mixe can be reached via Routes départementales 272, 302 and 933 (former Route nationale 133 ) and is connected to other municipalities in the department by a line from the Transports 64 bus network via Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port or Saint-Palais.
Personalities
- Jean-Bernard d'Uhart, born on June 17, 1765 in Uhart-Mixe, died on May 18, 1834 in Sauguis-Saint-Étienne , was a master blacksmith and politician. He was a representative of the Souletian nobility in the General Estates on July 1, 1789.
- Gustave Clément Louis Henri d'Uhart, born on July 17, 1791 in Uhart-Mixe, died on May 5, 1860 in Limoux ( Département Aude ), was administrator and sub-prefect of various arrondissements.
- Martial-Henri Berdoly, born on February 29, 1844 in Bordeaux , died on September 23, 1905 in Uhart-Mixe, was a French politician. After studying law in Bordeaux and Paris , he enrolled in the Saint-Palais Bar Association in 1869, which meant a return to his home region, as his father left him the Uhart castle, where he lived until his death. From 1880 to 1884 he held the post of sub-prefect in Mauléon . His goal was to turn the then arrondissement Mauléon into a republican stronghold. After the proclamation of the Third French Republic in 1870, there were still strong monarchist forces there. To this end, Berdoly founded the magazine Le Réveil Basque ( German Das Basque Awakening ), in which he defended his idea of a liberal republic with a separation of state and church. In 1886 he became Conseiller Général of the Canton of Saint-Palais, but after several unsuccessful attempts it took until 1893 when Berdoly was elected to the National Assembly. In 1898 he was re-elected there and in 1900 he also gained a seat in the Senate as a representative of the department, which he kept until his death.
Web links
- Atlas du Patrimoine Historique et Culturel with images from Uhart-Mixe (French)
- "Transports 64" bus from the department (French)
- Website of the AOP Ossau-Iraty association (French)
- Filière Porc Basque website (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lieux - toponymie: Uhartehiri (Amikuze) ( fr ) euskaltzaindia . Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ a b c Uhart-Mixe ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ a b Jean-Baptiste Orpustan: Nouvelle toponymie basque ( fr , PDF) p. 33. 2010. Accessed on January 2, 2018.
- ^ A b Paul Raymond: Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées ( fr ) In: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Imprimerie nationale. P. 170, 1863. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ Ma commune: Uhart-Mixe ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ a b Guy Ascarat: Armorial Communes Basques ( fr ) Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved on January 2, 2018.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ a b Notice Communale Uhart-Mixe ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ Populations légales 2014 Commune de Uhart-Mixe (64539) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ Église Saint-Pierre ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Retrieved on January 2, 2018. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Pierre ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ Vitrail de l'Education du Christ ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Retrieved on January 2, 2018. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Vitrail de saint Dominique et saint François ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ^ Vitrail de saint Jean et saint André ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Retrieved on January 2, 2018. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Vitrail de saint Paul et saint Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ^ Vitrail de sainte Catherine et sainte Jeanne ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Retrieved on January 2, 2018. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Vitrail de sainte Claire et de sainte Thérèse ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ^ Vitrail du Christ donnant les clés ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ Chœur et voûte de l'église Saint-Pierre ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Retrieved on January 2, 2018. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Autel de l'église Saint-Pierre ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ Chapelle de Soyarce ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Retrieved on January 2, 2018. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Château d'Uhart ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ Pigeonnier du château d'Uhart ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ Uharteko Eihera, le moulin entre deux eaux ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ Château d'Uhart-Mixe ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ Pont romain d'Uhart-Mixe ( fr ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Uhart-Mixe (64539) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ GR® 65, le chemin de Compostelle via le Puy ( fr ) Fédération française de la randonnée pédestre . Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ Circuit pédestre Urbeltz à Uhart-Mixe ( fr ) Office de tourisme de Basse-Navarre. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ↑ Martial Berdoly Henri ( FR ) visites.aquitaine.fr. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
