Annecy

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Annecy
Annecy Coat of Arms
Annecy (France)
Annecy
region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Department Haute-Savoie ( Prefecture )
Arrondissement Annecy
Canton Capital of
Annecy-1
Annecy-2
Annecy-le-Vieux
Seynod
Community association Grand Annecy
Coordinates 45 ° 54 '  N , 6 ° 8'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 54 '  N , 6 ° 8'  E
height 418-926 m
surface 66.94 km 2
Residents 126,924 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 1,896 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 74000
INSEE code 74010
Website www.annecy.fr

View from Mont Veyrier to Annecy and Lake Annecy
City map from 1914
City Hall (Hôtel de ville), built between 1847 and 1855
Downtown

Annecy [ ansi ] is the Grand Est city with 126,924 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) and the capital of the department of Haute-Savoie in the region of Auvergne Rhône-Alpes .

In 2012 Annecy was named Alpine City of the Year .

geography

Annecy is located in south-east France, on the northern tip of the 27 km² large lake Lac d'Annecy , 40 km south of the Swiss city ​​of Geneva . The Thiou Lake flows through the old town as a natural outflow and flows into the Fier after only 3.5 kilometers . The Canal du Vassé, once built to supply the defensive ditches with lake water, is now partially underground.

The municipality is associated with the Massif des Bauges Regional Nature Park as an access point .

Surname

Anniciaca was the original name of the town of Annecy-le-Vieux (German: Old Annecy), which is located immediately northeast of Annecy and incorporated in 2017, near a country house belonging to a Roman named Annicius.

history

Early days

View over the roofs of the old town

The banks of Lake Annecy have been around since at least 3100 BC. Settled. 50 BC A Roman settlement was founded on the site of the city under the name Boutae or Bautas. In 259 the market town was destroyed in raids by “barbarians” and part of the population was killed. Some of the survivors founded Anniciaca in the nearby hills. The attacks were repeated until the 6th century, whereupon the last inhabitants of Boutae gave up.

middle Ages

In the 7th century the place on the banks of the Thiou was repopulated. The first written mention of today's Annecy comes from the year 1107, when the place was built between the first church Saint-Maurice and the castle Château d'Annecy, which is currently under construction . Armed conflicts with the bishops of Geneva led to the flight of the counts of Geneva to Annecy, who made the place their capital. The last Count of Geneva was the antipope Clement VII (1342-1394), born in Annecy .

In 1401 the place with the county of Geneva was sold by Odo von Thoire and Villars to Amadeus VIII from the House of Savoy , in 1444 the latter created an appanage for a member of his family, to whom he assured extensive autonomy. Janus, the fifth son of Louis the Elder , made Annecy his residence and capital of the county. After his death, the place belonged temporarily to Savoy from 1491 to 1514 and then became an appanage again until the 17th century.

In the 15th century, Annecy comprised more than a dozen monasteries , half of the city as well as large estates and forests belonged to different orders . With the rise of Calvinism in nearby Geneva, the city became a center of the Counter-Reformation, and the Geneva bishopric was moved to Annecy. Structures such as the Saint-Pierre Cathedral date from that time . In 1602 Franz von Sales became bishop of the city.

Renaissance to the 20th century

During the French Revolution , the city was conquered by the revolutionary troops in late 1792 . Savoy lost its independence and became part of France. Annecy was added to what was then the Mont Blanc department , whose capital was Chambéry . The citizens of the city initially saw the Duke's expulsion as a liberation, but soon turned against him in view of the state's anti-religious policies. During the 23 years of its first affiliation with France, which opened the French market to the city, numerous factories were built on the banks of the Thious.

After 1815, Annecy was returned to the House of Savoy as a result of the Second Peace of Paris . After the annexation of Savoy to France in 1860 ( Treaty of Turin ) Annecy became the capital of the new Haute-Savoie department .

In 1866 the railroad reached the city, which encouraged the development of industry and tourism. At the turn of the century that followed, new districts emerged, and in 1906 a power plant on the Fier supplied electricity for the electrical lighting for the first time.

Second World War

In June 1940 the Wehrmacht defeated France, at the time of the armistice the German soldiers were already not far from the city. The city council immediately recognized the authority of the Vichy regime and promoted the replacement of the republican prefect . In the Hôtel d'Angleterre one was after the armistice Italian observers Commission quartered. With the war veterans organization Légion française des combattants , from which the right-wing extremist Milice française emerged in 1943 , a paramilitary force of the Vichy government established itself in Annecy, which later collaborated with the occupying power . On September 23, 1941, the head of state of the "État français" (unoccupied zone) Philippe Pétain was in the city.

There was also resistance from the population, e.g. B. on May 1, 1942, when people were pacing back and forth in front of City Hall in response to a call from Radio London . In November 1942, Italian mountain troops ( Alpini ) were quartered in the Galbert quarter , which led to clashes with two fatalities the following year. The local warehouse factory was attacked by Allied bombers for the first time on December 11, 1942, killing five people in the Balmette district. In a second bomb attack on the warehouse in the Loverchy district on November 11, 1943, eleven people were killed. Its machines were destroyed three days later by saboteurs of the Resistance . A third attack on March 10, 1944, which affected the factory as well as the train station and the telephone switchboard, claimed another 11 lives.

In the winter of 1942/1943, resistance groups such as the Franc-Tireurs and the Armée Secrète established themselves in Haute-Savoie, and the deportations of forced laborers to Germany brought them additional influx. On September 8, 1943, the Italians left the city and the Germans invaded. This made the oppression stronger. The Wehrmacht occupied several hotels next to the barracks , and the Gestapo took up quarters in the villa of the warehouse manager. From then on, the milice resided in the commandery and the Groupe mobile , a paramilitary unit of the Vichy regime , in a brewery . The Saint-François School was used by the Germans as a prison, and a mass grave with seven dead was later discovered there. Between March 10 and March 13, 1944, the city was combed intensively, as a result 24 people were shot dead and around 20 people were deported. The Palais de l'Isle and the ship France also became prisons at that time.

The partisans of the Resistance operated by the high-level plateau of Glières from. The Germans attacked the Maquisards with artillery and airplanes and reached the area on March 27, 1944, and on May 1 they returned to the plateau. The Allied landing in Normandy in June 1944 led to increased attacks and acts of sabotage by the Resistance, but at the same time to increased repression and more frequent punitive actions on the part of the occupiers. In the Galbert district and in nearby Vieugy , the Germans shot hostages and convicts like the sub-prefect of Bonneville . Nevertheless, the partisans increasingly succeeded in conquering villages and later cities and isolating the Wehrmacht garrisons from one another.

Annecy on Liberation Day (August 19, 1944)

After negotiations in Chavoire , the German garrison laid down their arms in Annecy on August 19, 1944. The announcement of a list of more than a hundred citizens of the city to be shot by the Germans, including the prefect, the mayor, the bishop and all the prisoners of the Saint-François school, caused a storm of people on the quickly flagged streets . Those concerned were freed and the shop windows of the facilities of the occupiers and collaborators were destroyed. On the morning of August 24th, 76 members of the Milice convicted were shot dead in Le Grand-Bornand .

In the following years German prisoners of war were interned in Annecy . When it became known that French prisoners had been shot in Lyon , the Forces françaises de l'intérieur (FFI) shot 80 Germans, mostly members of the Security Police , the SD and the SS, as reprisals on August 28 and September 2, 1944 -Police Regiment 19 , which were previously involved in the brutal persecution of French resistance members. As a result, the members of the FFI were granted combatant status by the Germans . Charles de Gaulle visited the city in early November 1944 .

In the course of the war and the occupation, 136 people were killed in Annecy up to the day of liberation: 50 of them were directly victims of the Germans, 30 died in bomb attacks. The city administration estimated the number of destroyed or uninhabitable houses to be 150. 552 men from Annecy fell into German captivity , from which 55 were released on January 1, 1943. Of the 140 deportees , 50 did not return to the city.

After 1945

In 1949, Annecy was the meeting place for the second round of negotiations for the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade .

On January 1, 2017, the neighboring municipalities of Annecy-le-Vieux , Cran-Gevrier , Meythet , Pringy and Seynod were incorporated into Annecy, which more than doubled the population.

Population distribution and development

District former
INSEE code 		Area
(km²) 		Population (Census)
1901 1926 1954 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 1 2008 2 2011 1 2013 2 2016 2
Annecy 74010 13.65 13,611 17,233 33.114 43,255 54,484 53,262 49,965 49,644 50,348 51.023 50.115 51,012 52,029 54,324
Annecy-le-Vieux 74011 17.01 1,262 1,541 3.131 4,681 6,754 13,537 14.054 17,520 18,885 19,848 19,770 20,012 20,166 20,988
Cran-Gevrier 74093 04.80 1.310 2,286 5,300 6,903 8,155 12,384 14,388 15,566 16,464 16,811 16,398 17,358 17,493 17,724
Meythet 74182 03.24 446 527 902 2,434 3,776 6,636 7,590 7,581 7,701 8,248 8,380 8,367 8,368 8,391
Pringy 74217 09.06 356 387 576 945 1,070 1,369 1.915 2,462 2,616 3,249 3,437 4.031 4.129 4,041
Seynod 74268 19.17 502 561 989 2,383 3,780 9,339 13,175 14,764 16,365 17,437 17,941 18,646 19,624 20,951
Annecy 66.93 017,487 022,535 044,012 060,601 078.019 096,527 101.087 107,537 112,379 116,616 116.041 119.426 121,809 126,419
1 Data from INSEE (RP2006, RP2011, RP2016)
2 Data from INSEE (RP2008, RP2013)
3 Data from INSEE
• other data from Cassini
The (total) population of the municipality of Annecy was calculated by adding the individual districts, i.e. H. of the municipalities that were independent by the end of 2016

politics

In the local elections of 2020, the candidate of the Greens (LECO), François Astorg, was elected as the new mayor. He won just ahead of Jean-Luc Rigaut (Union du center), who had held the post since January 2007.

economy

Annecy has a metal , marine , textile , leather , food and wood industries . The city is a climatic health resort , tourism is an important economic factor.

Attractions

traffic

Annecy station reception building

Annecy is on the A41 motorway , which connects the city with Geneva in the north and Grenoble in the south. The national road N 201 leading through Annecy was downgraded to the department road in 2006 .

The city is connected to the TER Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes regional traffic and can be reached from Paris by TGV . Annecy has been one of the endpoints of the Léman Express since December 15, 2019, making it part of the largest cross-border S-Bahn network in Europe.

From 1898 to 1930 Annecy was connected to the small town of Thônes by the narrow-gauge Tramway d'Annecy à Thônes (TAT) .

Regular events

  • Carnaval Vénitien : Annual adaptation of the Venice Carnival , which heralds the end of winter.
  • Festival d'Animation Annecy : Festival of animated films held annually in June.
  • Noctibules : nocturnal spectacle by numerous artists in the streets of the old town in July.
  • Fête du Lac : 70-minute fireworks accompanied by music and water games on the first Saturday in August with up to 200,000 spectators.
  • Traverse du lac d'Annecy ("Crossing the Annecy Lake"): Swimming competition held annually in August over three distances (0.9 km, 1.2 km and 2.5 km).
  • Festival du Cinéma Italy : One of the largest European film festivals on this topic in late September / early October.
  • Retour des Alpages : Traditional and authentic cattle drive of many farmers and producers of regional products, artists and folk groups in the alleys of the old town, on the second Saturday in October.

Sports

In 1998 the Junior World Championships in athletics took place in Annecy .

On the occasion of the Tour de France, there are often stages in and around Annecy. In 2009, for example, the 18th stage was held as an individual time trial around Lac d'Annecy . On July 20, 2013, the penultimate stage of the 100th Tour de France took place on a 125 km route from Annecy up to Semnoz . In 2018 the 10th stage led over 158.5 km from Annecy to Le Grand Bornand .

There were plans to apply to host the 2014 Winter Olympics , but they were discarded. Annecy ran unsuccessfully for the 2018 Winter Olympics .

Town twinning

City friendships exist with the following municipalities :

There is also a cooperation regarding a technical and cultural exchange with the Ivorian Sassandra .

Annecy is involved in the Alpine City of the Year Association, together with other Alpine cities, for the implementation of the Alpine Convention , which aims at the sustainable development of the Alps.

Personalities

Monument to Francis de Sales in Annecy

sons and daughters of the town

People with a relationship to the city

  • Johanna Franziska von Chantal (1572–1641), saint of the Catholic Church; founded the Order of the Salesian Sisters in Annecy
  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778), writer and philosopher; stayed in Annecy in March 1728, from June 1729 to April 1730 and, after a short interruption, again until July 1730. During his second stay, he performed secretary services for Mme de Warens , took singing lessons, tried to learn Latin at the seminary and was a member of the cathedral choir.
  • Claude Louis Berthollet (1748–1822), medic and chemist; began studying medicine at the local university around 1760
  • Eugène Sue (1804-1857), French writer; spent the last years of his life in exile in Annecy and died there
  • Claude Favre de Vaugelas (1585–1650), French writer, philologist and grammarian; devoted himself to studies of humanity at the Académie florimontane in Annecy

Web links

Commons : Annecy  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Histoire de la ville d'Annecy at annecy-ville.fr, accessed on 23 September 2018
  2. ↑ a b c d e Paul Guichonnet: Historie d'Annecy , p. 278 ff.
  3. ↑ Peter Lieb : Conventional war or Nazi ideological war? Warfare and the fight against partisans in France 1943/44 . Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 2007, ISBN 3486579924 , page 467.
  4. ^ International Committee of the Red Cross : Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross on its activities during the Second World War. No. 1-2, 1948, p.522
  5. ↑ a b Paul Guichonnet: History d'Annecy , f p 285 AD.
  6. ↑ Populations légales 2006 & 2011 & 2016
  7. ↑ Populations légales 2008 & 2013
  8. ↑ File of the Haute-Savoie département - population census (Recensement de la population) 2016
  9. ↑ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui - Index par département
  10. ↑ Résultats des élections municipales: Annecy at francetvinfo.fr, accessed on July 4, 2020
  11. ↑ a b c Jumelages, pactes d'amitié et partenariats ( Memento of the original of August 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.annecy.fr