Liptovský Mikuláš
| Liptovský Mikuláš | |||
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| coat of arms | map | ||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Slovakia | ||
| Kraj : | Žilinský kraj | ||
| Okres : | Liptovský Mikuláš | ||
| Region : | Liptov | ||
| Area : | 69.968 km² | ||
| Residents : | 31,000 (Dec. 31, 2019) | ||
| Population density : | 443 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Height : | 577 m nm | ||
| Postal code : | 031 01 | ||
| Telephone code : | +421 44 | ||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 5 ′ N , 19 ° 37 ′ E | ||
| License plate : | LM | ||
| Kód obce : | 510262 | ||
| structure | |||
| Community type : | city | ||
| Urban area structure: | 12 districts | ||
| Administration (as of November 2018) | |||
| Mayor : | Ján Blcháč | ||
| Address: | Mestský úrad Liptovský Mikuláš Štúrova 1989 031 42 Liptovský Mikuláš |
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| Website: | www.lmikulas.sk | ||
| Statistics information on statistics.sk | |||
Liptovský Mikuláš ( ; until 1952 Slovak " Liptovský Svätý Mikuláš " ; German Liptau-Sankt-Nikolaus or Sankt Nikolaus in der Liptau , Hungarian Liptószentmiklós ) is a town in central Slovakia with 31,000 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) . It is the largest city of the Okres Liptovský Mikuláš and at the same time its capital and the traditional center of the Liptov countryside ( Liptov in Slovak ).
geography
The city is in the Liptov basin ( Slovak Liptovská kotlina ), a part of the larger vessel under the Tatra between the Western Tatras the city and the north the Low Tatras in the south on Waagfluss located. In the north-west it is bounded by the Chočener Mountains ( Slovak Chočské vrchy ). In the city, the Waag receives tributaries such as Demänovka, Smrečianka and others before it flows into the Liptov reservoir .
The city center lies at an altitude of 576 m nm and is 87 kilometers from Žilina , 172 km from Košice and 288 km from Bratislava (road distance).
The following information relates to the straight line distance to the nearest town center and the distances are commercially rounded to half a kilometer. Cities are highlighted in bold.
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Liptovský Trnovec , Dolný Kubín 6.5 km, 27 km |
Bobrovec , Tvrdošín 4 km, 28 km |
Veterná Poruba 5.5 km |
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Galovany , Ružomberok 9.5 km, 22 km |
.svg)
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Beňadiková , Poprad 5.5 km, 50.5 km |
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Svätý Kríž , Banská Bystrica 7 km, 51.5 km |
Demänovská Dolina , Brezno 12.5 km, 31 km |
Závažná Poruba 4 km |
Districts
The city is divided into the following districts:
- Andice (incorporated into Benice in 1920)
- Benice (incorporated in 1976)
- Bodice (incorporated in 1976)
- Demänová (incorporated in 1976)
- Iľanovo (incorporated in 1976)
- Liptovská Ondrašová (incorporated in 1960)
- Liptovský Mikuláš
- Nábrežie-Vrbica (Vrbica incorporated in 1923, no longer a district)
- Okoličné (incorporated in 1971)
- Palúdzka (incorporated in 1960)
- Ploštín (incorporated in 1976)
- Stošice (incorporated into Okoličné in 1882)
- Vitálišovce (incorporated into Okoličné in 1924)
history
The basin around Liptovský Mikuláš has been inhabited since the Stone Age. In the area of today's municipality, different peoples from the Baden culture , Lusatian culture and Celts changed first ; There was permanent settlement only after the Slavs immigrated in the 9th century.
The city was first mentioned in 1286 as the possessio Scentmiklos . At that time it was a parish settlement near the Church of St. Nicholas, which gave the city its name. After acquiring the market right in 1360, the development began as a market town, confirmed in 1424 by Sigismund's granting of the right to organize a fair. Large parts of medieval history are closely connected with the Pongrácz family, confirmed by the manor house that still exists today.
The high altar of the Franciscan church in Okoličné was designed at the turn of the 16th century by the not yet known master of Okoličné .
In the 16th and 17th centuries there was a great development of trade and the first guilds of blacksmiths, locksmiths, butchers, millers and others emerged, which grew particularly rapidly in the 17th century. In 1573 the city's first school was founded. Its growing importance was confirmed by meetings of the Liptov County in the late 17th century before the seat was moved to a purpose-acquired county house in 1712. There, in March 1713, the Slovak “Robin Hood” Juraj Jánošík was sentenced to death and executed. The area's importance as a trading center was confirmed by the immigration of Jews from the 18th century, which was so successful that they controlled 90 percent of the city's trade by the early 20th century.
In 1865, Isaac Diner, a Jew, was elected mayor for the first time in the Kingdom of Hungary , to which the city then belonged. This was three years before Jews gained full civil rights. During the Second World War, the Jewish community was almost completely wiped out.
In the 19th century the city became one of the centers of the Slovak national movement and was considered the seat of the Slovak evangelical intelligentsia in contrast to the "Catholic" cities of Ružomberok or Martin . The history of Slovak amateur play began with the premiere of Ján Chalupka's comedy Kocúrkovo in 1830 . In 1844 the Slovak association Tatrín was founded. a. the recently codified Slovak written language of Ľudovít Štúr spread. During the revolution of 1848/49 the city was one of the centers of the Slovak uprising and Slovak political life. But even until the emergence of Czechoslovakia , the city remained important for the Slovaks.
The slowly decaying guilds were replaced in the second half of the 19th century by newly emerging manufacturers and companies, especially after the completion of the Košice – Žilina railway in 1871/72. At the end of the 19th century the leather processing industry dominated, but there was also a textile factory, printing shop, liquor factory and others.
After the incorporation into Czechoslovakia in late 1919, the place had the official Slovak name Liptovský Svätý Mikuláš , which was also used before. In Czechoslovakia, Liptovský Mikuláš was the seat of the Podtatranská župa county from 1923 to 1928 , after which it was only the seat of an okres. In the First Slovak Republic (1939-1945) Ružomberok instead of Liptovský Mikuláš was the seat of the county Tatranská župa for religious reasons . In the final months of World War II, the area was the scene of heavy fighting from January to March 1945. With the continued industrialization and expansion of the city, there was an enormous increase in population. In 1952 the attribute Svätý ("holy") was removed from the name for political reasons. In the 1970s, the Liptov Reservoir ( Liptovská Mara in Slovak ) was created immediately west of the city .
population
Extract from the results of the 2001 census (33,007 inhabitants):
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Attractions
Most of the sights are around Námestie osloboditeľov ( German Liberator Square ). On the south side is the Roman Catholic Church of St. Nicholas ( Slovak Kostol sv. Mikuláša ), built in the 15th century and designed in a late Gothic style. Right next door is the oldest secular building in the city, the Pongrácz Manor ( Pongrácovská kúria in Slovak ), which dates from the 15th century, but its Gothic appearance has long since disappeared. Part of the medieval fortifications of the church and house are still in the courtyard. On the west side of the square is the baroque First County House ( Slovak Prvý stoličný dom ), replaced after a few decades by the newer Classicist County House ( Slovak Župný dom ) in the middle of the square.
In the center of the city there is a Jesuit monastery, a Protestant church, a classicist synagogue built in the 19th century , one of the largest in Slovakia, and the secession building of today's M. M. Hodža grammar school .
Because of its location, the city is a starting point for various worthwhile destinations in the area. The cave system in the Demänovka valley with the Demänová Freedom and Ice Caves and the Jasná ski area in the Low Tatras can be reached in a few kilometers , as can an aqua park called Tatralandia on the north bank of the Liptov reservoir.
traffic
The city is connected to the D1 motorway (Liptovský Mikuláš junction) and is located on the double- track Košice – Žilina railway . Local public transport in the city is handled by 14 bus routes.
economy
In the city is u. a. the St. Nicolaus distillery , which produces Demänovka, a very well-known herbal liqueur in Slovakia, among other products .
Sports
The MHk 32 Liptovský Mikuláš has been playing in the Slovak Extra League since it was founded , but has never won the championship title.
sons and daughters of the town
- Jozef Božetech Klemens (1817–1883), painter
- Janko Kráľ (1822–1876), romantic poet
- Ján Levoslav Bella (1843–1936), composer
- Wilhelm Bacher (1850–1913), Jewish scholar
- Aurel Stodola ( Ivan Stodola ; 1859–1942), pioneer of the steam and gas turbine, professor at the ETH Zurich
- Samuel (von) Fischer (1859–1934), bookseller and publisher
- Slavoljub Eduard Penkala (1871–1922), engineer and inventor
- Martin Rázus (1888–1937), politician, poet, journalist, Protestant pastor
- Ervin Paul Hexner (1893–1968), lawyer, economist and political scientist
- Janko Alexy (1894–1970), painter
- Koloman Sokol (1902–2003), painter
- Ladislav Hanus (1907–1994), philosopher, theologian, publicist
- Ivan Laučík (1944–2004), writer
- Jerguš Bača (* 1965), ice hockey player
- Milan Madaj (* 1970), ski mountaineer
- Ivan Droppa (born 1972), ice hockey player
- Lenka Ilavská (* 1972), cyclist
- Michal Martikán (* 1979), canoeist
- René Školiak (* 1979), ice hockey player
- Peter Sejna (* 1979), ice hockey player
- Milan Jurčina (born 1983), ice hockey player
- Diana Doll (* 1976), model
- Tomáš Kriško (* 1988), volleyball player
- Petra Vlhová (* 1995), ski racer
- Gabriela Gajanová (* 1999), track and field athlete
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Maroš Borský: Synagogue Architecture in Slovakia Towards Creating a Memorial Landscape of Lost Community Dissertation at the University of Jewish Studies Heidelberg 2005, p. 157, accessed on February 21, 2020.
- ↑ Monuments - Liptovský Mikuláš ( Memento of August 3, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) (English), accessed on April 26, 2020.
- ↑ Liptovský Mikuláš on slovakia.travel (German)
