Ľudovít Štúr

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Ľudovít Štúr

Ľudovít Štúr ( German also Ludwig Štúr or Ludwig Stur ; born October 29, 1815 in Uhrovec near Bánovce nad Bebravou , Kingdom of Hungary ; † January 12, 1856 in Modra near Pressburg ); actually Ludevít Velislav Štúr , was a prominent figure in the Slovak national movement. As a philologist , writer and politician in the Austrian Empire, he codified the foundations of today's written Slovak language .

Life

Ľudovít Štúr, a son of the teacher Samuel Štúr, grew up in a consciously Lutheran family. His brothers Karol (1811–1851) and Samuel (1818–1861) became pastors. Ľudovít, too, began to study theology in 1837 after completing school in Győr and at the Evangelical Lyceum in Pressburg. Only when he moved to the University of Halle in 1838 did he concentrate on history, philosophy and philology. In 1840 he took over a professorship for Slovak history and literature at the Evangelical Lyceum in Pressburg, which he had already held as a substitute as a student. Štúr's lectures were very well received. There he influenced, among others, Paweł Stalmach , the founder of the Polish national movement in Cieszyn Silesia . In 1843 he was deposed because of his anti-Magyar attitude.

Together with Jozef Miloslav Hurban and Michal Miloslav Hodža, he codified today's version of the Slovak literary language by introducing a new phonetic orthography on the basis of the Central Slovak dialect in the summer of 1843 . Until then, the old Czech language of the Kralitz Bible had been used in the Evangelical Church AB in Slovakia . With the approval of the main representatives of the Slovak nation (on the occasion of the language reform of 1851 also the Catholics, who at that time still used an older version of Anton Bernolák's literary language), the Slovak people achieved their linguistic and thus also cultural and national unity.

Ľudovít Štúr monument in Levoča

In 1847 Štúr was elected to the Hungarian state parliament (in Pressburg), where he was particularly committed to the concerns of the Slovaks towards the Hungarians . In the revolutionary year of 1848 he was an organizer and leader of the Slovak freedom struggle, for which he was also persecuted (see Slovak Uprising ). During these years he became a supporter of Pan-Slavism .

After the death of his brother Karol, he moved to his house in Modra (a small town north of Pressburg) to look after the deceased's family. It was here that he wrote his book (in German) Slavicism and the World of the Future, as well as patriotic poems, and was also a collector and editor of Slovak folk songs and fairy tales. After seriously injuring himself with his weapon in a hunting accident in 1855, he died in Modra on January 12, 1856.

Works

He established the new Slovak written language through the work Nauka reči Slovenskej (The Teaching on the Slovak Language; 1846) and established it through the work Nárečja Slovenskuo alebo potreba písaňja v tomto nárečí (The Slovak dialect or the necessity of writing in this dialect) ; 1846, written 1844.

In several writings in German he defended the rights of the Slovaks against attacks by the Magyars:

  • The complaints and complaints of the Slavs in Hungary about the illegal encroachments of the Magyars , 1843
  • The 19th century and Magyarism , Vienna 1845
  • Magyarism in Hungary , 2nd edition, Leipzig 1848

In 1845 he founded the newspaper Slovenské národnie Novini (Slovak National Newspaper ) with the literary supplement Orol Tatranski (The Eagle of the Tatras), which was already written in the language he had newly codified.

Zpěvy i písně (Gesänge and Lieder, Pressburg 1853) and the work O národních písních a pověstech plemen slovanských (On the folk songs and fairy tales of the Slavic tribes) are of his writings ; Mention Prague 1853.

He also left behind a manuscript of a work written in German from the years 1852–53, which contains a presentation of his theory of Pan-Slavism and was published in Russian translation by Lamansky ( Slavery and the World of the Future ), Mosk. 1867; German 1931; slow. 1993.

Appreciation

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Ľudovít Štúr  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ online (PDF; 311 kB), edition in modern Slovak
  2. ↑ online
  3. ↑ online (PDF; 108 kB), in modern Slovak
  4. ↑ online , edition from 1932 in modern Slovak
  5. ↑ online , 2003 edition in modern Slovak
personal data
SURNAME Štúr, Ľudovít
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Štúr, Ľudevít Velislav (full name); Stur, Ludwig (German)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Slovak philologist, writer and politician
DATE OF BIRTH October 29, 1815
PLACE OF BIRTH Uhrovec near Bánovce nad Bebravou
DATE OF DEATH January 12, 1856
Place of death Modra