Anton Bernolák
Anton Bernolák ( Slovak Anton Bernolák ; born October 1, 1762 in Slanica near Námestovo , † January 15, 1813 in Nové Zámky ) was an important pioneer of the Slovak national movement and language. The priest and philologist studied the grammar of the Slovak language and contributed to its codification, which was only implemented with the Štúr generation .
Life
He was born the child of a landlord and attended the grammar school in Ružomberok from 1774 to 1778 . He then studied rhetoric , philosophy and poetics in Bratislava and Trnava and theology in Vienna . After completing his studies, he held the position of chaplain in Lanschütz from 1778 to 1791 . He then worked for six years as the secretary of the archbishopric vicariate in Trnava. From May 1797 until his death he headed the parish in Nové Zámky and was in charge of the local deanery. At the same time he managed the school there.
In 1792 he founded the Slovenské učené tovaryšstvo in Trnava with Juraj Fándly and became its chairman. This cooperative had other branches in Slovakia and was the publisher of books in the Slovak language codified for the first time. The most important who wrote in this new form of language was Juraj Fándly.
person
His extraordinary talent was already shown at the general seminar in Bratislava, when he was enthusiastic about the cultural reforms of Empress Maria Theresa and Joseph II . He headed the Association for the Care of the Slovak Language (Spoločnosť na pestovanie slovenského jazyka) and promoted the national rebirth of the Slovaks . He had basic technical knowledge to realize his ideas and goals. He spoke several languages - both classical and modern - and had a wide range of general knowledge, from economics, medicine, aesthetics, music to politics. His main activity was devoted to language. It was clear to him that a people cannot develop independently in the long term if they cannot communicate with a living language.
In the end, he became the first codifier of written Slovak in Slovak history . Even if his written language was not used in the entire area, he nevertheless set an example for a people liberating themselves nationally. He laid the foundations for this when he was still studying, when he proposed to work out a draft for grammatical processing of the Slovak language. His design was in 1787 by the in Latin written signature Philological and critical elaboration of the Slavic letters (Filologicko-kritické rozpravě o slovanských písmenech) realized that he co-authored with other members of the association. Three years later he published his grammar book.
Works
Most of his works are devoted to linguistics. His work is considered a first, albeit unsuccessful, attempt to codify the Slovak language. The writer and politician Ľudovít Štúr was more successful shortly afterwards. Only the language reform implemented by Štúr in 1846 became the basis for today's written Slovak language.
Grammatical works
- Dissertatio-critica de literis Slavorum (Bratislava 1787).
- Grammatica Slavica Auctore Antonio Bernolák Ad Systema Scholarum Nationalium in Ditionibus Caesareo-Regiis introductum accomodata. First edition. Bratislava 1790 ( archive.org ).
- Etymológia vocum slavicarum (Trnava 1791).
Dictionaries
- Slowár Slowenskí, Česko-Laťinsko-Ňemecko-Uherskí, see Lexicon Slavicum Latino-Germanico-Ungaricum auctore Antonio Bernolák [Slovak Czech-Latin-German-Hungarian dictionary, see…] I – VI, Ofen (now Budapest), 1825–27 ( published by Juraj Palkovič after his death)
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Bernolak, Anton von . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 1st part. University printing house L. C. Zamarski (formerly JP Sollinger), Vienna 1856, p. 331 ( digitized version ).
- Katarína Habovštiaková: Bernolákovo jazykovedné dielo, Bratislava 1968
- JV Gajdoš: Knižnica Antona Bernoláka, Martin 1970
Web links
- Anton Bernolák on Osobnosti.sk ( Slovak )
- Anton Bernolák - codifier of the first written language of the Slovaks on Radio Slovakia International (German)
Individual evidence
- ↑ His father was Georg Bernolak de Szlanicza
- ^ Gertraud Marinelli: Upper Hungary (Slovakia) in the Wiener Zeitschriften und Almanak des Vormärz (1805–1848) at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, accessed on October 3, 2012
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bernolák, Anton |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Slovak priest and philologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 1, 1762 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Slanica |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 15, 1813 |
| Place of death | Nové Zámky |