Low Tatras
| Low Tatras | ||
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| Highest peak | Ďumbier ( 2043 m nm ) | |
| location | Slovakia | |
| part of | Western Carpathians | |
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| Coordinates | 48 ° 56 ' N , 19 ° 39' E | |
The Low Tatras ( Slovak Nízke Tatry ) is a mountain range of the geological Fatra Tatra region in the Carpathian Mountains in Slovakia . It is located southwest of the High Tatras .
Surname
In 1860 the geologist Dionýs Štúr referred to the mountains in relation to the (High) Tatras to the north as Nižnie Tatry (in the Slovak spelling of the time), German "Lower Tatras". This term was mistakenly translated into Hungarian in 1863 as Alacsony-Tátra , meaning “Low Tatras”. From there this name spread into other languages and back into Slovak.
description
The mountain range consists of:
- Ďumbierske Tatry in the west (named after the mountain Ďumbier)
- Kráľovohoľské Tatry in the east (named after the mountain Kráľova hoľa )
The Starohorské vrchy mountain group to the west and the Kozie chrbty mountain range to the north-east near Poprad are no longer considered to be part of the Low Tatras, but rather as independent mountains.
The main ridge is 95 kilometers long and extends mainly in a west-east direction. Large sections of this ridge rise above the tree line (located at around 1,500 m); only the lower central section between the passes Čertovica and Priehyba is predominantly forested. The highest peaks are the Ďumbier with 2043.4 m nm and the Chopok with 2023.6 m nm From the main ridge, long side ridges extend northwards; to the south the mountains drop significantly steeper. Only in the Ďumbier area do the northern and southern foothills of the main ridge reach roughly the same length. The most famous region of the mountains is the Demänovská dolina (Demänova Valley) with the village of the same name and the Jasná ski area .
The Low Tatras are limited
- in the north of the valley of the Waag or the Black Waag ,
- in the northeast from the Kozie chrbty,
- in the east of the Slovak Paradise ,
- in the south of the valley of the Hron ,
- in the southwest of the Starohorské vrchy and
- in the northwest of the Veľká Fatra .
geology
The main ridge and its southern side ridges are roughly divided into crystalline rock, with granite dominating in the west and gneiss in the east . In the area of the northern side ridges and valleys there is an extensive cave system, which is located in limestone and dolomite of the Triassic and is extremely interesting in terms of its geological development. Two of the caves are open to the public: the Demänovská jaskyňa Slobody ( Demänová stalactite cave , literally: Cave of Freedom) and the Demänovská ľadová jaskyňa ( Demänová Ice Cave ). Other important karst caves are the Demänovská jaskyňa Mieru (Demänová Peace Cave) and the Bystrianska jaskyňa .
In particular on the northern slope of the main chain, remnants of medieval ore mining (gold, silver and lead ores) can still be found in remote and difficult to reach side valleys.
Flora and fauna
The Low Tatras are - apart from the higher lying areas - densely forested, with coniferous forests dominating on the north side and mixed forests on the south side. Mountain pines are strongly represented at altitudes of around 1,500 to 1,800 m, and nebula grass in even higher regions . The northern, limestone side ridges favor the occurrence of rare, alpine plant species, etc. a. of the alpine gentian .
The predominant game species are roe deer , wild boar and deer . Numerous brown bears and lynxes still live in the dense forests . Chamois and marmots can be found above the tree line . Due to the large number of caves, many bat species live in the mountains .
population
The Low Tatras themselves are very sparsely populated. There are only a few places in the mountains which, due to their remoteness, often still seem very original, which is reflected in the construction as well as in the customs ( costumes ) (e.g. Liptovská Teplička , Liptovská Lúžna ). Slovaks and Roma
live here and in the numerous places on the edge of the mountains . The German minority, who previously lived in some municipalities (e.g. in Liptovský Mikuláš and in Brezno ), was expelled after the Second World War .
economy
The most important industry in the mountains is tourism. The Low Tatras is an excellent hiking area with many beautiful views. The most important ski centers are on the Chopok and in the Demänová valley ( Jasná ). Accommodation is available in sufficient numbers - even if not everywhere.
Forestry and grazing also play an important role.
traffic
The Low Tatras have good transport links. In the north runs the railway line Žilina – Košice , in the south - d. H. in the valley of the Hron (German the Gran ) - the route Banská Bystrica - Červená Skala - Margecany . Buses run regularly to practically all settlements - including the tourist centers. The D1 motorway runs parallel to the Žilina - Košice railway line on the Waag .
natural reserve
The Low Tatras National Park was established in the mountains in 1978 ; its size is 123,990 ha. In addition, a number of areas have been placed under special protection:
- Prírodné rezervácie (PR, nature reserves )
- Baranovo (15.83 ha, since 1993)
- Barania hlava (13.41 ha, 2006)
- Breznianska skalka (11.85 ha, 1981)
- Horné lazy (34.29 ha, 1981)
- Jelšie (26.10 ha, 1973)
- Kozí chrbát (37.43 ha, 1993)
- Mackov bok (3.75 ha, 1976)
- Mačková (42.23 ha, 1993)
- Martalúzka (154.82 ha, 1999)
- Meandre Hrona (103.82 ha, 1980)
- Sliačske travertíny (7.02 ha, 1983)
- Štrosy (94.79 ha, 1999)
- Vrchovisko pri Pohorel. Maši (26.62 ha, 1979)
- Národné prírodné rezervácie (NPR, National Nature Reserves )
- Demänovská dolina (836.88 ha, since 1973)
- Ďumbier (2,043.76 ha, 1973)
- Hnilecká jelšina (14.51 ha, 1988)
- Jánska dolina (1,694.52 ha, 1933)
- Ohnište (852.26 ha, 1973)
- Pod Latiborskou hoľou (161.23 ha, 1964)
- Príboj (10.96 ha, 1895)
- Salatín (1,192.99 ha, 1982)
- Skalka (2,659.81 ha, 1997)
- Turková (30.95 ha, 1965)
- Prírodná pamiatka (PP, natural monuments )
- Ľupčiansky Skalný hríb (2.13 ha, since 1979)
- Mašiansky balvan (1.28 ha, 1965)
- Meandre Lúžňanky (2.00 ha, 1988)
- Moštenické travertíny (1.71 ha, 1981)
- Národná prírodná pamiatka (NPP, National Natural Monuments )
- Brankovský vodopád (27.71 ha, since 1980)
- Bystrianska jaskyňa (93.71 ha, 1972)
- Demänovské jaskyne (680.17 ha, 1972)
- Stanišovská jaskyňa (219.23 ha, 1972)
- Vrbické pleso (24.71 ha, 1975)
- Chránený areál (CHA, Protected Area )
- Bodický rybník (18.57 ha, since 1952)
- Revúca (3.91 ha, 2002)
- Jakub (12.70 ha, 1999)
- Brvnište (74.77 ha, 2007)
Highest elevations
- Ďumbier , 2,043.4 m
- Štiavnica , 2,025.3 m
- Chopok , 2,023.6 m
- Dereše , 2,003.5 m
- Skalka , 1,980.1 m
- Chabenec , 1,955.0 m
- Kráľova hoľa , 1,946.1 m
- Kotiská , 1,936.9 m
- Krúpova hoľa , 1,927.5 m
- Zákľuky , 1,914.5 m
- Poľana (Low Tatras) , 1,889.7 m
- Bôr , 1887.6 m
- Konské , 1,882.3 m
- Stredná hoľa , 1,875.9 m
- Baňa , 1,859.1 m
- Žiarska hoľa , 1,840.5 m
- Orlová , 1,840.4 m
- Králička , 1,807.4 m
- Bartková , 1,790.2 m
- Veľký Gápeľ , 1,776.5 m
- Veľká Chochuľa , 1,753.2
- Krakova hoľa , 1,751.6 m
- Ďurková , 1,749.8 m
- Ludárova hoľa , 1731.6 m
- Veľký bok , 1,727.1 m
Individual evidence
Some places in the mountains and in the vicinity
- Poprad ( German village )
- Liptovský Mikuláš ( Liptovský Nicholas )
- Ružomberok ( Rosenberg )
- Liptovský Hrádok
- Brezno (sweetbreads)
- Jasná (important ski resort)
- Čertovica
