List of Heads of State 2002

Overview
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Africa

Egypt
- Head of State: President Husni Mubarak (1981–2011) (1981–1982 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Atif Abaid (1999-2004)

Algeria
- Head of State: President Abd al-Aziz Bouteflika (1999-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ali Benflis (2000–2003)

Angola
- Head of State: President José Eduardo dos Santos (1979-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos (December 6, 2002–2008) (new office created in 2002)

Equatorial Guinea

Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Cándido Muatetema Rivas (2001-2004)

Ethiopia
- Head of State: President Girma Wolde-Giorgis (2001-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Meles Zenawi (1995–2012) (1991–1995 President)

Benin
- Head of State and Government: President Mathieu Kérékou ( 1972–1991 , 1996–2006)

Botswana
- Head of State and Government: President Festus Mogae (1998–2008)

Burkina Faso
- Head of State: President Blaise Compaoré (1987-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paramanga Ernest Yonli (2000–2007)

Burundi
- Head of State and Government: President Pierre Buyoya ( 1987–1993 , 1996–2003)

Djibouti
- Head of State: President Ismail Omar Guelleh (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita (2001-2013)

Ivory Coast
- Head of State: President Laurent Gbagbo (2000–2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pascal Affi N'Guessan (2000–2003)

Eritrea
- Head of State and Government: President Isayas Afewerki (since 1993)

Gabon
- Head of State: President Omar Bongo (1967–2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane (1999–2006)

Gambia
- Head of State and Government: President Yahya Jammeh (1994–2017) (until 1996 Chairman of the Provisional Government Council of the Army)

Ghana
- Head of State or Government: President John Agyekum Kufuor (2001–2009)

Guinea
- Head of State: President Lansana Conté (1984–2008)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lamine Sidimé (1999-2004)

Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State: President Kumba Ialá (2000-2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Alamara Nhassé (2001–17 November 2002)
  - Prime Minister Mário Pires (November 17, 2002–2003)

Cameroon
- Head of State: President Paul Biya (since 1982)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Peter Mafany Musonge (1996-2004)

Cape Verde
- Head of State: President Pedro Pires (2001–2011) (1975–1991 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José Maria Neves (since 2001)

Kenya
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Daniel Arap Moi (1978– December 30, 2002)
  - President Mwai Kibaki (2002-2013)

Comoros
- Head of State:
  - President Azali Assoumani (1999–21 January 2002, 2002–2006 )
  - Prime Minister Hamada Madi (January 21, 2002– May 26, 2002) (acting) (Prime Minister 2000–2002)
  - President Azali Assoumani ( 1991–2002 , May 26, 2002–2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hamada Madi (2000–15 April 2002) (office abolished in 2002) (2002 President)

Democratic Republic of the Congo (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1971–1997 Zaïre )
- Head of State and Government: President Joseph Kabila (2001-2019)

Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; 1970–1992 People's Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State and Government: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso ( 1979–1992 , since 1997)

Lesotho
- Head of State: King Letsie III. ( 1990–1995 , since 1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bethuel Pakalitha Mosisili (1998–2012, 2015–2017 )

Liberia
- Head of State or Government: President Charles Taylor (1997–2003)

Libya
- Revolutionary leader: Muammar al-Gaddafi (1969–2011) (1969–1979 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
- Head of State: General Secretary of the General People's Congress Zantani Muhammad az-Zantani (1992-2008)
- Head of Government: General Secretary of the General People's Committee Mubarak Abdallah asch-Shamich (2000–2003) (2009–2010 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)

Madagascar (February 22, 2002– July 5, 2002 Presidency controversial)

Head of State:

President Didier Ratsiraka ( 1975–1993 , 1997–5 July 2002)

President Marc Ravalomanana (February 22, 2002–2009)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Tantely Andrianarivo (1998–31 May 2002)

Prime Minister Jacques Sylla (February 26, 2002–2007) (appointed by Ravalomanana)

Prime Minister Jean-Jacques Rasolondraibe (May 31, 2002– July 5 , 2002) (appointed by Ratsiraka)

Malawi
- Head of State and Government: President Bakili Muluzi (1994-2004)

Mali
- Head of State:
  - President Alpha Oumar Konaré (1992–8 June 2002)
  - President Amadou Toumani Touré ( 1991–1992 , June 8, 2002–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mandé Sidibé (2000–18 March 2002)
  - Prime Minister Modibo Keïta (March 18, 2002– June 9, 2002, 2015–2017 )
  - Prime Minister Ahmed Mohamed Ag Hamani (June 9, 2002–2004)

Morocco
- Head of State: King Mohammed VI. (since 1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Abderrahmane Youssoufi (1998–9 October 2002)
  - Prime Minister Driss Jettou (October 9, 2002–2007)

Mauritania
- Head of State: President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya (1984–2005) (1981–1984, Prime Minister 1984–1992)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna ( 1996–1997 , 1998–2003)

Mauritius

Head of State:

President Cassam Uteem (1992– February 15, 2002)

Vice-President Angidi Chettiar (February 15, 2002– February 18, 2002) (acting)

Chairman of the Supreme Court Ariranga Pillay (February 18, 2002– February 25, 2002) (acting)

President Karl Offmann (February 25, 2002–2003)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth ( 1982–1995 , 2000–2003, 2014–2017 ) (2003–2012 President)

Mozambique

Head of State: President Joaquim Alberto Chissano (1986-2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Pascoal Mocumbi (1994-2004)

Namibia
- Head of State: President Sam Nujoma (1990-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hage Geingob (1990–28 August 2002, 2012–2015 ) (President since 2015)
  - Prime Minister Theo-Ben Gurirab (August 28, 2002–2005)

Niger
- Head of State: President Tandja Mamadou (1999-2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hama Amadou ( 1995–1996 , 2000–2007)

Nigeria
- Head of State and Government: President Olusegun Obasanjo ( 1976–1979 , 1999–2007)

Rwanda

Head of State: President Paul Kagame (since 2000)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Bernard Makuza (2000–2011)

Zambia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Frederick Chiluba (1991– Jan 2, 2002)
  - President Levy Mwanawasa (January 2, 2002–2008)

Sao Tome and Principe
- Head of State: President Fradique de Menezes (2001–2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Evaristo Carvalho ( 1994 , 2001–28 March 2002)
  - Prime Minister Gabriel Arcanjo da Costa (March 28, 2002– October 7, 2002)
  - Prime Minister Maria das Neves (October 7, 2002–2003, 2003–2004 )

Senegal
- Head of State: President Abdoulaye Wade (2000–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mame Madior Boye (2001–4 November 2002)
  - Prime Minister Idrissa Seck (November 4, 2002–2004)

Seychelles
- Head of State and Government: President France-Albert René (1977–2004) (1976–1977 Prime Minister)

Sierra Leone
- Head of State and Government: President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah ( 1996–1997 , 1998–2007)

Zimbabwe
- Head of State and Government: President Robert Mugabe (1987–2017) (1980–1987 Prime Minister)

Somalia
- Head of State: President Abdikassim Salat Hassan (2000-2004)
- Head of
  Government: Prime Minister Hassan Abshir Farah (2001-2003)
  - Somaliland (not internationally recognized)
    Head of State and Government:
    
    President Mohammed Haji Ibrahim Egal (1993–3 May 2002) (1967–1969 Prime Minister of Somalia)
    
    President Dahir Riyale Kahin (May 3, 2002–2010)

South Africa
- Head of State and Government: President Thabo Mbeki (1999–2008)

Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Umar al-Bashir (1989–2019)

Swaziland

Head of State: King Mswati III. (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini (1996–2003, 2008–2018 )

Tanzania
- Head of State: President Benjamin Mkapa (1995-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Frederick Sumaye (1995-2005)

Togo
- Head of State: President Gnassingbé Eyadéma (1967-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Agbéyomé Messan Kodjo (2000 – June 2002)
  - Prime Minister Koffi Sama (June 29, 2002–2005)

Chad
- Head of State: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Nagoum Yamassoum (1999–12 June 2002)
  - Prime Minister Haroun Kabadi (June 12, 2002–2003)

Tunisia
- Head of State: President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali (1987–2011) (Prime Minister 1987)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi (1999–2011)

Uganda

Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Apolo Nsibambi (1999–2011)

Western Sahara (controversial)

Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz (1976-2016) (in exile)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Bouchraya Beyoun ( 1993–1995 , 1999–2003) (in exile)

Central African Republic

Head of State: President Ange-Félix Patassé (1993–2003) (Prime Minister 1976–1978)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Martin Ziguélé (2001–2003)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Adrienne Clarkson (1999–2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean Chrétien (1993-2003)

Mexico
- Head of State or Government: President Vicente Fox (2000–2006)

United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President George W. Bush (2001–2009)

Central America

Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General James Carlisle (1993-2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lester Bird (1994-2004)

Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
  - Governor General : Ivy Dumont (2001-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham (1992–3 May 2002, 2007–2012 )
  - Prime Minister Perry Christie (May 3, 2002-2007, 2012-2017 )

Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
  - Governor General : Clifford Husbands (1996-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Owen Arthur (1994–2008)

Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Colville Young (since 1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Said Musa (1998–2008)

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría (1998–8 May 2002)
  - President Abel Pacheco (May 8, 2002–2006)

Dominica
- Head of State: President Vernon Shaw (1998-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pierre Charles (2000-2004)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Hipólito Mejía (2000-2004)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Francisco Flores Pérez (1999-2004)

Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Governor General : Daniel Williams (1996-2008)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Keith Mitchell (1995–2008, since 2013 )

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Alfonso Antonio Portillo Cabrera (2000–2004)

Haiti
- Head of State: President Jean-Bertrand Aristide ( 1991, 1993–1994, 1994–1996 , 2001–2004)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jean Marie Chérestal (2001–15 March 2002)
  - Prime Minister Yvon Neptune (March 15, 2002-2004)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Carlos Roberto Flores Facussé (1998–27 January 2002)
  - President Ricardo Maduro (January 27, 2002–2006)

Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
  - Governor General : Howard Cooke (1991-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Percival J. Patterson (1992–2006)

Cuba
Head of State and Head of Government: President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Fidel Castro (1976-2008) (1959-1976 Prime Minister)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Arnoldo Alemán (1997-10 January 2002)
  - President Enrique Bolaños (January 10, 2002–2007)

Panama
- Head of State and Government: President Mireya Moscoso (1999-2004)

St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
  - Governor General : Cuthbert Sebastian (1996–2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Denzil Douglas (1995-2015)

St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Dame Pearlette Louisy (1997-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kenneth Anthony (1997-2006, 2011-2016 )

St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General :
    - Charles Antrobus (1996–3 June 2002)
    - Monica Dacon (June 3, 2002– September 2, 2002) (acting)
    - Frederick Ballantyne (September 2, 2002-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves (since 2001)

Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State: President Arthur NR Robinson (1997–2003) (Prime Minister 1986–1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Patrick Manning ( 1991–1995 , 2001–2010)

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Eduardo Camaño (2001–2 January 2002) (acting)
  - President Eduardo Duhalde (January 2, 2002–2003)

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Jorge Quiroga Ramírez (2001– August 6, 2002)
  - President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada ( 1993–1997 , August 6, 2002–2003)

Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995–2003)

Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Ricardo Lagos Escobar (2000–2006)

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: President Gustavo Noboa (2000–2003)

Guyana
- Head of State: President Bharrat Jagdeo (1999-2011) (1999 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sam Hinds ( 1992–1997, 1997–1999 , 1999–2015) (1997 President)

Colombia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Andrés Pastrana (1998–7 August 2002)
  - President Álvaro Uribe Vélez (August 7, 2002–2010)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Luis Ángel González Macchi (1999–2003)

Peru
- Head of State: President Alejandro Toledo (2001-2006)
- Head of Government:
  - Chairman of the Council of Ministers Roberto Dañino Zapata (2001–12 July 2002)
  - Chairman of the Council of Ministers Luis Solari de la Fuente (July 12, 2002–2003)

Suriname
- Head of State and Government: President Ronald Venetiaan ( 1991–1996 , 2000–2010)
- Head of Government: Vice-President Jules Ratankumar Ajodhia ( 1991–1996 , 2000–2005)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Jorge Batlle Ibáñez (2000–2005)

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Hugo Chávez (1999–12 April 2002, 2002–2013 )
  - President of the Transitional Government Pedro Carmona Estanga (April 12, 2002– April 13, 2002)
  - President Diosdado Cabello (April 13, 2002– April 13, 2002) (acting)
  - President Hugo Chávez ( 1999–2002 , April 14, 2002–2013)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bangladesh
- Head of State:
  - President A.QM Badruddoza Chowdhury (2001–21 June 2002)
  - President Jamiruddin Sircar (June 21, 2002– September 6, 2002) (acting)
  - President Iajuddin Ahmed (September 6, 2002–2009) (Head of Government 2006–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khaleda Zia ( 1991–1996 , 2001–2006)

Bhutan
- Head of State: King Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1972-2006)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Khandu Wangchuk (2001–14 August 2002, 2007–2008 )
  - Prime Minister Kinzang Dorji (August 14, 2002–2003, 2007–2008 )

Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)

Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State: President Chen Shui-bian (2000–2008)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Chang Chun-hsiung (2000–1 February 2002, 2007–2008 )
  - Prime Minister Yu Shyi-kun (February 1, 2002–2005)

People's Republic of China
- Head of State: President Jiang Zemin (1993-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Zhu Rongji (1998-2003)

India
- Head of State:
  - President K. R. Narayanan (1997– July 25, 2002)
  - President APJ Abdul Kalam (July 25, 2002–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee ( 1996 , 1998-2004)

Indonesia
- Head of State and Government: President Megawati Sukarnoputri (2001-2004)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Akihito (1989-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jun'ichirō Koizumi (2001-2006)

Cambodia
- Head of State: King Norodom Sihanouk ( 1941–1955 , 1993–2004) (1960–1970, 1975–1976, 1991–1993 President)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)

North Korea
- Chairman of the National Defense Commission : Kim Jong-il (1994–2011)
- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Kim Yong-nam (since 1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hong Song-nam (1997-2003)

South Korea

Head of State: President Kim Dae-jung (1998–2003)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Lee Han-dong (2000–11 July 2002)

Prime Minister Chang Sang (July 11, 2002– July 31, 2002) (acting)

Prime Minister Jeon Yun-churl (July 31, 2002– August 9, 2002) (acting)

Prime Minister Chang Dae-whan (August 9, 2002– September 10 , 2002) ( Acting )

Prime Minister Kim Suk-soo (September 10, 2002–2003)

Laos

Head of State: President Khamtay Siphandone (1998-2006)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Boungnang Vorachith (2001-2006)

Malaysia
- Head of State: Supreme Ruler Syed Sirajuddin (2001-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad (1981–2003, 2018–2020 )

Maldives
- Head of State or Government: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1978–2008)

Myanmar
- Head of State: Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development Than Shwe (1992–2011) (Prime Minister 1992–2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Than Shwe (1992–2003) (1992–2011 Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development)

Nepal
- Head of State: King Gyanendra ( 1950–1951 , 2001–2008)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba ( 1995–1997 , 2001–4 October 2002, 2004–2005, 2017–2018 )
  - Prime Minister Lokendra Bahadur Chand ( 1983–1986, 1990, 1997 , October 11, 2002–2003)

East Timor (independent since May 20, 2002)
- Head of State: President Xanana Gusmão (May 20, 2002–2007) (Prime Minister 2007–2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Marí Bin Amude Alkatiri (May 20, 2002–2006)

Pakistan

Head of State: President Pervez Musharraf (2001–2008) ( Head of Government 1999–2002)

Head of Government:

Chief Executive Pervez Musharraf (1999–23 November 2002) (2001–2008 President)

Prime Minister Zafarullah Khan Jamali (November 23, 2002-2004)

Philippines
- Head of State and Government: President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001–2010)

Singapore
- Head of State: President Sellapan Ramanathan (1999-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong (1990-2004)

Sri Lanka
- Head of State: President Chandrika Kumaratunga (1994–2005) (1994 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe ( 1993–1994 , 2001–2004, 2015–2018, 2018–2019 )

Thailand
- Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra (2001-2006)

Vietnam

Head of State: President Trần Đức Lương (1997-2006)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Phan Văn Khải (1997-2006)

Middle East

Armenia
- Head of State: President Robert Kocharyan (1998–2008) (1992–1994 Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh, 1994–1997 President of Nagorno-Karabakh, 1997–1998 Prime Minister of Armenia)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andranik Markarjan (2000–2007)

Azerbaijan

Head of State: President Heidar Aliyev (1993-2003)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Artur Rasizadä (1996–2003, 2003–2018 )

Nagorno Karabakh (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Arkadi Ghukassjan (1997-2007)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Anuschawan Danieljan (1999–2007)

Bahrain
- Head of State: King Hamad bin Isa Al Chalifa (since 1999) (until February 14, 2002 Emir)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

Georgia

Head of State: President Eduard Shevardnadze (1992-2003)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Avtandil Jorbadze (2001-2003)

Abkhazia (not recognized internationally)

Head of State: President Wladislaw Ardsinba (1992-2005)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Anri Dschergenij (2001–29 November 2002)

Prime Minister Gennadi Gagulija ( 1995–1997 , November 29, 2002–2003)

South Ossetia (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Eduard Kokoity (2001-2011)

Head of government: Prime Minister Gerassim Khugayev ( 1991–1993 , 2001–2003) (provisional until January 9, 2002)

Iraq
- Head of State and Government: President Saddam Hussein (1979-2003)

Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) (Prime Minister 1981–1989)
- Head of Government: President Mohammad Chātami (1997-2005)

Israel
- Head of State: President Moshe Katzav (2000–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ariel Sharon (2001-2006)

Yemen

Head of State: Chairman of the Presidential Council Ali Abdullah Salih (1990–2012) (President from 1994) (1978–1990 President of North Yemen)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Abd al-Qadir Badschamal (2001-2007)

Jordan
- Head of State: King Abdullah II (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ali Abu ar-Ragheb (2000–2003)

Qatar
- Head of State: Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (1995–2013) (1995–1996 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdullah bin Chalifa Al Thani (1996-2007)

Kuwait

Head of State: Emir Jabir III. (1977–2006) ( 1962–1963, 1965–1978 Prime Minister )

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sa'ad al-Abdallah as-Salim as-Sabah (1978-2003) (2006 Emir)

Lebanon
- Head of State: President Émile Lahoud (1998–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri ( 1992–1998 , 2000–2004)

Oman
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Qaboos ibn Said (1970–2020)

Palestinian Territories
- Head of State and Government: President: Yasser Arafat (1994-2004)

Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1982-2005)

Syria
- Head of State: President Bashar al-Assad (since 2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohammed Mustafa Miro (2000–2003)

Turkey
- Head of State: President Ahmet Necdet Sezer (2000–2007)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit ( 1974, 1977, 1978–1979 , 1999–18 November 2002)
  - Prime Minister Abdullah Gül (November 18, 2002–2003) (2007–2014 President)

United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Zayid bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1971–2004) (1966–2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Maktum bin Raschid Al Maktum ( 1971–1979 , 1990–2006) (1990–2006 Emir of Dubai)

Central Asia

Afghanistan
- Head of State and Government: President Hamid Karzai (2001-2014)

Kazakhstan
- Head of State: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1991-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Qassym-Shomart Toqayev (1999–28 January 2002)
  - Prime Minister Imanghali Tasmaghambetow (January 28, 2002–2003)

Kyrgyzstan
- Head of State: President Askar Akayev (1991-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Kurmanbek Bakiyev (2000–22 May 2002, 2005 ) (2005–2010 President)
  - Prime Minister Nikolai Tanajew (May 22, 2002–2005)

Mongolia
- Head of State: President Natsagiin Bagabandi (1997-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nambaryn Enchbajar (2000–2004) (2005–2009 President)

Tajikistan

Head of State: President Emomalij Rahmonow (since 1992)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Oqil Oqilow (1999-2013)

Turkmenistan
- Head of State and Government: President Saparmyrat Nyýazow (1991–2006)

Uzbekistan

Head of State: President Islom Karimov (1991-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Oʻtkir Sultonov (1995–2003)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Peter Hollingworth (2001-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Howard (1996-2007)

Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
  - Queen's Representative: Frederick Tutu Goodwin (2001-2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Terepai Maoate (1999–11 February 2002)
  - Prime Minister Robert Woonton (February 11, 2002-2004)

Fiji
- Head of State: President Josefa Iloilo (2000–2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase ( 2000–2001 , 2001–2006)

Kiribati
- Head of State and Government: President Teburoro Tito (1994–2003)

Marshall Islands
- Head of State and Government: President Kessai Note (2000–2008)

Micronesia
Head of State or Government: President Leo Falcam (1999–2003)

Nauru
- Head of State and Government: President René Harris ( 1999–2000 , 2001–2003, 2003, 2003–2004 )

New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Silvia Cartwright (2001–2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Helen Clark (1999-2008)

Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sani Lakatani (1999–1 May 2002)
  - Prime Minister Young Vivian ( 1992-1993 , May 1, 2002-2008)

Palau
- Head of State and Government: President Tommy Remengesau (2001–2009, since 2013 )

Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
  - Governor General : Silas Atopare (1997-2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mekere Morauta (1999–5 August 2002)
  - Prime Minister Michael Somare ( 1975–1980, 1982–1985 , August 5, 2002–2011)

Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : John Lapli (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Allan Kemakeza (2001-2006)

Samoa

Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tanumafili II. (1962-2007)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sailele Tuilaʻepa Malielegaoi (since 1998)

Tonga
- Head of State: King Taufaʻahau Tupou IV. (1970-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ulukalala Lavaka Ata (2000–2006) (King since 2012)

Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Tomasi Puapua (1998–2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Koloa Talake (2001–2 August 2002)
  - Prime Minister Saufatu Sopoanga (August 2, 2002–2004)

Vanuatu
- Head of State: President John Bennett Bani (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edward Natapei (2001-2004, 2008-2010, 2011 )

Europe

Albania
- Head of State:
  - President Rexhep Meidani (1997–24 July 2002)
  - President Alfred Moisiu (July 24, 2002–2007)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ilir Meta (1999–31 July 2002)
  - Prime Minister Fatos Nano ( 1991, 1997–1998 , July 31, 2002–2005)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France Jacques Chirac (1995-2007)
  - Bishop of Urgell Joan Martí Alanís (1971-2003)
- Head of Government: District President Marc Forné Molné (1994-2005)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Albert II (1993-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt (1999–2008)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Head of State:

Chairman of the State Presidency Jozo Križanović (2001–14 February 2002)

Chairman of the State Presidency Beriz Belkić (February 14, 2002– October 28 , 2002)

Chairman of the State Presidency Mirko Šarović (October 28, 2002–2003)

State Presidency:

Bosniaks:

Alija Izetbegović (1998–5 October 2002)

Sulejman Tihić (October 5, 2002–2006)

Croatians:

Jozo Križanović (2001–5 October 2002)

Dragan Čović (October 5, 2002–2005, 2014–2018 )

Serbs:

Živko Radišić (1998–5 October 2002)

Mirko Šarović (October 5, 2002–2003)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Zlatko Lagumdžija (2001–15 March 2002)

Prime Minister Dragan Mikerević (March 15 - December 23, 2002)

Prime Minister Adnan Terzić (December 23, 2002–2007)

Bulgaria
- Head of State:
  - President Petar Stoyanov (1997-22 January 2002)
  - President Georgi Parvanov (January 22, 2002–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Simeon Sakskoburggotski (2001–2005) (1943–1946 King)

Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen (2001–2009)
- Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsfrau Birgit Kleis (2001-2005)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Anfinn Kallsberg (1998-2004)

Germany
- Head of State: Federal President Johannes Rau (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Gerhard Schröder (1998–2005)

Estonia
- Head of State: President Arnold Rüütel ( 1991–1992 , 2001–2006)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mart Laar ( 1992–1994 , 1999–28 January 2002)
  - Prime Minister Siim Kallas (January 28, 2002–2003)

Finland
- Head of State: President Tarja Halonen (2000–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen (1995-2003)

France
- Head of State: President Jacques Chirac (1995–2007) (1974–1976, Prime Minister 1986–1988)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Lionel Jospin (1997–6 May 2002)
  - Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin (May 6, 2002-2005)

Greece
- Head of State: President Konstantinos Stefanopoulos (1995-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Konstantinos Simitis (1996-2004)

Ireland
- Head of State: President Mary McAleese (1997-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bertie Ahern (1997-2008)

Iceland
- Head of State: President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (1996–2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Davíð Oddsson (1991-2004)

Italy
- Head of State: President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1999–2006) (Prime Minister 1993–1994)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi ( 1994–1995 , 2001–2006, 2008–2011 )

Yugoslavia

Head of State: President Vojislav Koštunica (2000-2003)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Zoran Žižić (2000–2003)

Channel Islands
- guernsey
  - Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Lieutenant Governor: John Foley (2000-2005)
- jersey
  - Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Lieutenant Governor: John Cheshire (2001-2006)

Croatia
- Head of State: President Stjepan Mesić (2000–2010)
- Head of Government: District President Ivica Račan (2000-2003)

Latvia
- Head of State: President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (1999–2007)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Andris Bērziņš (2000–7 November 2002)
  - Prime Minister Einars Repše (November 7, 2002–2004)

Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
- Head of Government : Otmar Hasler (2001–2009)

Lithuania
- Head of State: President Valdas Adamkus (1998–2003, 2004–2009 )
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Algirdas Brazauskas (2001–2006) (1992–1998 President)

Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Henri (since 2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker (1995-2013)

Malta
- Head of State: President Guido de Marco (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edward Fenech Adami ( 1987–1996 , 1998–2004) (2004–2009 President)

Isle of Man
- Head of State: Lord of Man Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Lieutenant Governor : Ian David Macfadyen (2000-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Richard Corkill (2001-2004)

Macedonia
- Head of State: President Boris Trajkovski (1999-2004)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ljubčo Georgievski (1998–1 November 2002)
  - Prime Minister Branko Crvenkovski ( 1992–1998 , November 1, 2002–2004) (2004–2009 President)

Moldova

Head of State: President Vladimir Voronin (2001–2009)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Vasile Tarlev (2001-2008)

Transnistria (not internationally recognized)
President: Igor Smirnov (1991–2011)

Monaco
- Head of State: Prince : Rainier III. (1949-2005)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Patrick Leclercq (2000–2005)

Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Beatrix (1980-2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Wim Kok (1994-22 July 2002)
  - Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende (July 22, 2002–2010)

Norway
- Head of State: King Harald V (since 1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kjell Magne Bondevik ( 1997–2000 , 2001–2005)

Austria
- Head of State: Federal President Thomas Klestil (1992-2004)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel (2000–2007)

Poland
- Head of State: President Aleksander Kwaśniewski (1995-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Leszek Miller (2001-2004)

Portugal
- Head of State: President Jorge Sampaio (1996-2006)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister António Guterres (1995–6 April 2002)
  - Prime Minister José Manuel Barroso (April 6, 2002–2004)

Romania
- Head of State: President Ion Iliescu ( 1989–1996 , 2000–2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Adrian Năstase (2000-2004)

Russia
- Head of State: President Vladimir Putin (1999–2008, since 2012 ) (acting until May 7, 2000) (1999–2000, 2008–2012 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mikhail Kassyanov (2000-2004)

San Marino
- Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
  - Alberto Cecchetti ( 1975, 1994, 1998 , October 1, 2001– April 1, 2002) and Gino Giovagnoli (October 1, 2001– April 1, 2002)
  - Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari ( 1973–1974, 1977 , April 1, 2002– October 1, 2002) and Giovanni Francesco Ugolini (April 1, 2002– October 1, 2002, 2010–2011 )
  - Giuseppe Maria Morganti (October 1, 2002– April 1, 2003) and Mauro Chiaruzzi (October 1, 2002– April 1, 2003)

Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Göran Persson (1996-2006)

Switzerland
- Federal President : Kaspar Villiger ( 1995 , 2002)
- Federal Council :
  - Kaspar Villiger (1989-2003)
  - Ruth Dreifuss (1993–31 December 2002)
  - Moritz Leuenberger (1995-2010)
  - Pascal Couchepin (1998-2009)
  - Joseph Deiss (1999-2006)
  - Ruth Metzler-Arnold (1999-2003)
  - Samuel Schmid (2001-2008)

Slovakia
- Head of State: President Rudolf Schuster (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mikuláš Dzurinda (1998–2006)

Slovenia
- Head of State:
  - President Milan Kučan (1991–22 December 2002)
  - President Janez Drnovšek (December 22, 2002–2007) (1992–2000, 2000–2002 President)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Janez Drnovšek ( 1992–2000 , 2000–11 December 2002) (2002–2007 President)
  - Prime Minister Anton Rop (December 11, 2002–2004)

Spain
- Head of State: King Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José María Aznar (1996-2004)

Czech Republic
- Head of State: President Václav Havel (1993-2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Miloš Zeman (1998–12 July 2002) (President since 2013)
  - Prime Minister Vladimír Špidla (July 12, 2002-2004)

Ukraine
- Head of State: President Leonid Kuchma (1994–2005) (Prime Minister 1992–1993)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Anatoly Kinach (2001–21 November 2002)
  - Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych (November 21, 2002–2005, 2006–2007 ) (2010–2014 President)

Hungary
- Head of State: President Ferenc Mádl (2000-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Viktor Orbán (1998–27 May 2002, since 2010 )
  - Prime Minister Péter Medgyessy (May 27, 2002-2004)

Vatican city

Head of State: Pope John Paul II (1978-2005)

Head of Government: President of the Governorate Edmund Casimir Szoka (1997–2006)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tony Blair (1997-2007)

Belarus
- Head of State: President Aljaksandr Lukashenka (since 1994)
- Head of government: Prime Minister Uladzimir Jarmoschyn Henads Nawizki (2001-2003)

Republic of Cyprus
- Head of State and Government: President Glafkos Klerides (1993-2003)
- Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State: President Rauf Denktaş (1983-2005)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Derviş Eroğlu ( 1985–1994 , 1996–2004, 2009–2010 ) (2010–2015 President)

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[kronbesitz-1] The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.

[2] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares