List of Heads of State 2000

Overview
◄◄ | ◄ | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | List of Heads of State 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | ► | ►►
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Africa

Egypt
- Head of State: President Husni Mubarak (1981–2011) (1981–1982 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Atif Abaid (1999-2004)

Algeria
- Head of State: President Abd al-Aziz Bouteflika (1999-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ahmed Benbitour (1999-27 August 2000)
  - Prime Minister Ali Benflis (August 27, 2000–2003)

Angola
- Head of State and Government: President José Eduardo dos Santos (1979–2017)

Equatorial Guinea

Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan (1996-2001)

Ethiopia
- Head of State: President Negasso Gidada (1995-2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Meles Zenawi (1995–2012) (1991–1995 President)

Benin
- Head of State and Government: President Mathieu Kérékou ( 1972–1991 , 1996–2006)

Botswana
- Head of State and Government: President Festus Mogae (1998–2008)

Burkina Faso
- Head of State: President Blaise Compaoré (1987-2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Kadré Désiré Ouédraogo (1996–7 November 2000)
  - Prime Minister Paramanga Ernest Yonli (November 7, 2000–2007)

Burundi
- Head of State and Government: President Pierre Buyoya ( 1987–1993 , 1996–2003)

Djibouti
- Head of State: President Ismail Omar Guelleh (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Barkat Gourad Hamadou (1978-2001)

Ivory Coast
- Head of State:
  - President Robert Guéï (1999–25 October 2000)
  - President Laurent Gbagbo , President (October 26, 2000–2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Seydou Diarra (May 18, 2000– October 27, 2000, 2003–2005 )
  - Prime Minister Pascal Affi N'Guessan (October 27, 2000–2003)

Eritrea
- Head of State and Government: President Isayas Afewerki (since 1993)

Gabon
- Head of State: President Omar Bongo (1967–2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane (1999–2006)

Gambia
- Head of State and Government: President Yahya Jammeh (1994–2017) (until 1996 Chairman of the Provisional Government Council of the Army)

Ghana
- Head of State and Government: President Jerry Rawlings ( 1979 , 1981-2001) (until 1993 Chairman of the Provisional National Defense Council)

Guinea
- Head of State: President Lansana Conté (1984–2008)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lamine Sidimé (1999-2004)

Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State:
  - President of Parliament Malam Bacai Sanhá (1999–17 February 2000, 2009–2012 ) (acting)
  - President Kumba Ialá (February 17, 2000–2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Francisco Fadul (1998–19 February 2000)
  - Prime Minister Caetano N'Tchama (February 19, 2000–2001)

Cameroon
- Head of State: President Paul Biya (since 1982)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Peter Mafany Musonge (1996-2004)

Cape Verde
- Head of State: President António Monteiro (1991-2001)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Carlos Veiga (1991–5 October 2000)
  - Prime Minister Gualberto do Rosário (July 29, 2000–2001) (provisional until October 5, 2000)

Kenya
- Head of State and Government: President Daniel Arap Moi (1978–2002)

Comoros
- Head of State: President Azali Assoumani (1999–2002)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Bianrifi Tarmidi (1999–29 November 2000)
  - Prime Minister Hamada Madi (November 29, 2000–2002) (2002 President)

Democratic Republic of the Congo (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1971–1997 Zaïre )
- Head of State and Government: President Laurent-Désiré Kabila (1997–2001)

Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; 1970–1992 People's Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State and Government: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso ( 1979–1992 , since 1997)

Lesotho
- Head of State: King Letsie III. ( 1990–1995 , since 1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bethuel Pakalitha Mosisili (1998–2012, 2015–2017 )

Liberia
- Head of State or Government: President Charles Taylor (1997–2003)

Libya
- Revolutionary leader: Muammar al-Gaddafi (1969–2011) (1969–1979 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
- Head of State: General Secretary of the General People's Congress Zantani Muhammad az-Zantani (1992-2008)
- Head of Government:
  - General Secretary of the General People's Committee Muhammad Ahmad al-Manqush (1997–1 March 2000)
  - General Secretary of the General People's Committee Mubarak Abdallah asch-Shamich (March 1, 2000–2003) (2009–2010 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)

Madagascar

Head of State: President Didier Ratsiraka ( 1975–1993 , 1997–2002)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Tantely Andrianarivo (1998–2002)

Malawi
- Head of State and Government: President Bakili Muluzi (1994-2004)

Mali
- Head of State: President Alpha Oumar Konaré (1992–2002)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta (1994–15 February 2000)
  - Prime Minister Mandé Sidibé (February 15, 2000–2002)

Morocco
- Head of State: King Mohammed VI. (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abderrahmane Youssoufi (1998–2002)

Mauritania
- Head of State: President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya (1984–2005) (1981–1984, Prime Minister 1984–1992)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna ( 1996–1997 , 1998–2003)

Mauritius
- Head of State: President Cassam Uteem (1992–2002)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam (1995–17 September 2000, 2005–2014 )
  - Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth ( 1982–1995 , September 17, 2000–2003, 2014–2017 ) (2003–2012 President)

Mozambique

Head of State: President Joaquim Alberto Chissano (1986-2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Pascoal Mocumbi (1994-2004)

Namibia
- Head of State: President Sam Nujoma (1990-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hage Geingob (1990–2002, 2012–2015 ) (since 2015 President)

Niger
- Head of State: President Tandja Mamadou (1999-2010)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki (1997–3 January 2000)
  - Prime Minister Hama Amadou ( 1995–1996 , January 3, 2000–2007)

Nigeria
- Head of State and Government: President Olusegun Obasanjo ( 1976–1979 , 1999–2007)

Rwanda
- Head of State:
  - President Pasteur Bizimungu (1994-23 March 2000)
  - President Paul Kagame (since March 24, 2000) (provisional until April 22, 2000)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Pierre-Célestin Rwigema (1995–8 March 2000)
  - Prime Minister Bernard Makuza (March 8, 2000–2011)

Zambia
- Head of State or Government: President Frederick Chiluba (1991–2002)

Sao Tome and Principe

Head of State: President Miguel Trovoada ( 1991–1995 , 1995–2001) (1975–1979 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Guilherme Posser da Costa (1999–2001)

Senegal
- Head of State:
  - President Abdou Diouf (1981–1 April 2000) (1970–1980 Prime Minister)
  - President Abdoulaye Wade (April 1, 2000–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mamadou Lamine Loum (1998–5 April 2000)
  - Prime Minister Moustapha Niasse ( 1983 , April 5, 2000–2001)

Seychelles
- Head of State and Government: President France-Albert René (1977–2004) (1976–1977 Prime Minister)

Sierra Leone
- Head of State and Government: President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah ( 1996–1997 , 1998–2007)

Zimbabwe
- Head of State and Government: President Robert Mugabe (1987–2017) (1980–1987 Prime Minister)

Somalia
- Head of State:
  - President vacant (1997–27 August 2000)
  - President Abdikassim Salat Hassan (August 27, 2000-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ali Khalif Galaid (October 8, 2000–2001)

South Africa
- Head of State and Government: President Thabo Mbeki (1999–2008)

Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Umar al-Bashir (1989–2019)

Swaziland

Head of State: King Mswati III. (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini (1996–2003, 2008–2018 )

Tanzania
- Head of State: President Benjamin Mkapa (1995-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Frederick Sumaye (1995-2005)

Togo
- Head of State: President Gnassingbé Eyadéma (1967-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Eugene Koffi Adoboli (1999–31 August 2000)
  - Prime Minister Agbéyomé Messan Kodjo (August 31, 2000–2002)

Chad

Head of State: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Nagoum Yamassoum (1999–2002)

Tunisia
- Head of State: President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali (1987–2011) (Prime Minister 1987)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi (1999–2011)

Uganda

Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Apolo Nsibambi (1999–2011)

Western Sahara (controversial)

Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz (1976-2016) (in exile)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Bouchraya Beyoun ( 1993–1995 , 1999–2003) (in exile)

Central African Republic

Head of State: President Ange-Félix Patassé (1993–2003) (Prime Minister 1976–1978)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Anicet Georges Dologuélé (1999–2001)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Adrienne Clarkson (1999–2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean Chrétien (1993-2003)

Mexico
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Ernesto Zedillo (1994–30 November 2000)
  - President Vicente Fox (December 1, 2000–2006)

United States of America
- Heads of State or Government: President Bill Clinton (1993-2001)

Central America

Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General James Carlisle (1993-2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lester Bird (1994-2004)

Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
  - Governor General : Orville Alton Turnquest (1995-2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham (1992–2002, 2007–2012 )

Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
  - Governor General : Clifford Husbands (1996-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Owen Arthur (1994–2008)

Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Colville Young (since 1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Said Musa (1998–2008)

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: President Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría (1998–2002)

Dominica
- Head of State: President Vernon Shaw (1998-2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Edison James (1995–3 February 2000)
  - Prime Minister Rosie Douglas (February 3, 2000– October 1, 2000)
  - Prime Minister Pierre Charles (October 1, 2000–2004) (acting until October 3, 2000)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Leonel Fernández (1996–16 August 2000, 2004–2012 )
  - President Hipólito Mejía (August 16, 2000–2004)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Francisco Flores Pérez (1999-2004)

Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Governor General : Daniel Williams (1996-2008)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Keith Mitchell (1995–2008, since 2013 )

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Álvaro Arzú Irigoyen (1996–14 January 2000)
  - President Alfonso Antonio Portillo Cabrera (January 14, 2000–2004)

Haiti
- Head of State: President René Préval (1996–2001, 2006–2011 )
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacques-Édouard Alexis (1999–2001, 2006–2008 )

Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Roberto Flores Facussé (1998–2002)

Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
  - Governor General : Howard Cooke (1991-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Percival J. Patterson (1992–2006)

Cuba
Head of State and Head of Government: President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Fidel Castro (1976-2008) (1959-1976 Prime Minister)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Arnoldo Alemán (1997–2002)

Panama
- Head of State and Government: President Mireya Moscoso (1999-2004)

St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
  - Governor General : Cuthbert Sebastian (1996–2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Denzil Douglas (1995-2015)

St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Dame Pearlette Louisy (1997-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kenneth Anthony (1997-2006, 2011-2016 )

St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Charles Antrobus (1996–2002)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister James Fitz-Allen Mitchell (1984-27 October 2000)
  - Prime Minister Arnhim Ulric Eustace (October 27, 2000–2001)

Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State: President Arthur NR Robinson (1997–2003) (Prime Minister 1986–1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Basdeo Panday (1995-2001)

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Fernando de la Rúa (1999–2001)

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government: President Hugo Banzer Suárez ( 1971–1978 , 1997–2001)

Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995–2003)

Chile
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (1994–11 March 2000)
  - President Ricardo Lagos Escobar (March 11, 2000–2006)

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Jamil Mahuad (1998–21 January 2000)
  - President Lucio Gutiérrez (January 21, 2000, 2003-2005 )
  - State Councilors Carlos Mendoza , Antonio Vargas , Carlos Solórzano (January 21, 2000– January 22, 2000)
  - President Gustavo Noboa (January 22, 2000–2003)

Guyana
- Head of State: President Bharrat Jagdeo (1999-2011) (1999 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sam Hinds ( 1992–1997, 1997–1999 , 1999–2015) (1997 President)

Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Andrés Pastrana (1998–2002)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Luis Ángel González Macchi (1999–2003)

Peru
- Head of State:
  - President Alberto Fujimori (1990-22 November 2000)
  - President Valentín Paniagua Corazao (November 22, 2000–2001)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Alberto Bustamante Belaunde (1999–29 July 2000)
  - Prime Minister Federico Salas Guevara (July 29, 2000– November 25, 2000)
  - Prime Minister Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (November 25, 2000–2001)

Suriname
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Jules Albert Wijdenbosch (1996–2000) (1991 head of government)
  - President Ronald Venetiaan ( 1991–1996 , August 12, 2000–2010)
- Head of Government:
  - Vice President Pretapnarian Shawh Radhakishun ( 1986–1987 , 1996–2000)
  - Vice-President Jules Ratankumar Ajodhia ( 1991–1996 , August 12, 2000–2005)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Julio María Sanguinetti ( 1985–1990 , 1995–1 March 2000)
  - President Jorge Batlle Ibáñez (March 1, 2000–2005)

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Hugo Chávez (1999–2002, 2002–2013 )

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bangladesh
- Head of State: President Shahabuddin Ahmed ( 19901991 , 1996-2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina (1996–2001, since 2009 )

Bhutan
- Head of State: King Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1972-2006)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sangay Ngedup (1999–20 July 2000, 2005–2006 )
  - Prime Minister Yeshey Zimba (July 20, 2000–2001, 2004–2005 )

Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)

Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State:
  - President Lee Teng-hui (1988– May 20, 2000)
  - President Chen Shui-bian (May 20, 2000–2008)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Vincent Siew (1997–20 May 2000)
  - Prime Minister Tang Fei (May 20, 2000– October 6, 2000)
  - Prime Minister Chang Chun-hsiung (October 6, 2000–2002, 2007–2008 )

People's Republic of China
- Head of State: President Jiang Zemin (1993-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Zhu Rongji (1998-2003)

India
- Head of State: President K. R. Narayanan (1997–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee ( 1996 , 1998-2004)

Indonesia
- Head of State and Prime Minister: President Abdurrahman Wahid (1999–2001)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Akihito (1989-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Keizō Obuchi (1998–5 April 2000)
  - Prime Minister Yoshirō Mori (April 5, 2000-2001)

Cambodia
- Head of State: King Norodom Sihanouk ( 1941–1955 , 1993–2004) (1960–1970, 1975–1976, 1991–1993 President)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)

North Korea
- Chairman of the National Defense Commission : Kim Jong-il (1994–2011)
- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Kim Yong-nam (since 1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hong Song-nam (1997-2003)

South Korea

Head of State: President Kim Dae-jung (1998–2003)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Kim Jong-pil ( 1971–1975, 1998–13 January 2000)

Prime Minister Park Tae-jun (January 13, 2000– May 19, 2000)

Prime Minister Lee Hun-jai (May 19, 2000– May 22, 2000, 2004 ) ( Acting )

Prime Minister Lee Han-dong (May 22, 2000–2002)

Laos

Head of State: President Khamtay Siphandone (1998-2006)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sisavath Keobounphanh (1998–2001)

Malaysia
- Head of State: Supreme Ruler Salahuddin Abdul Aziz (1999-2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad (1981–2003, 2018–2020 )

Maldives
- Head of State or Government: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1978–2008)

Nepal
- Head of State: King Birendra (1972-2001)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Krishna Prasad Bhattarai ( 1990–1991 , 1999–22 March 2000)
  - Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala ( 1991–1994, 1998–1999 , March 22, 2000–2001, 2006–2008 )

Pakistan
- Head of State: President Mohammed Rafiq Tarar (1998–2001)
- Head of Government: Chief Executive Pervez Musharraf (1999–2002) (2001–2008 President)

Philippines
- Head of State and Government: President Joseph Estrada (1998–2001)

Singapore
- Head of State: President Sellapan Ramanathan (1999-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong (1990-2004)

Sri Lanka
- Head of State: President Chandrika Kumaratunga (1994–2005) (1994 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike ( 1960–1965, 1970–1977 , 1994–10 August 2000)
  - Prime Minister Ratnasiri Wickremanayake (August 10, 2000–2001, 2005–2010 )

Thailand
- Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai ( 1992–1995 , 1997–2001)

Vietnam

Head of State: President Trần Đức Lương (1997-2006)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Phan Văn Khải (1997-2006)

Middle East

Armenia
- Head of State: President Robert Kocharyan (1998–2008) (1992–1994 Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh, 1994–1997 President of Nagorno-Karabakh, 1997–1998 Prime Minister of Armenia)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Aram Sarkissjan (1999–2 May 2000)
  - President Robert Kocharyan (May 2, 2000– May 12, 2000) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Andranik Markarjan (May 12, 2000–2007)

Azerbaijan

Head of State: President Heidar Aliyev (1993-2003)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Artur Rasizadä (1996–2003, 2003–2018 )

Nagorno Karabakh (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Arkadi Ghukassjan (1997-2007)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Anuschawan Danieljan (1999–2007)

Bahrain
- Head of State: Emir Hamad bin Isa Al Chalifa (since 1999) (since 2002 King)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

Georgia

Head of State: President Eduard Shevardnadze (1992-2003)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Wascha Lortkipanidze (1998–11 May 2000)

Prime Minister Giorgi Arsenishvili (May 11, 2000–2001)

Abkhazia (not recognized internationally)

Head of State: President Wladislaw Ardsinba (1992-2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Vyacheslav Zugba (1999–2001)

South Ossetia (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President of Parliament Ludwig Tschibirow (1993-2001)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Merab Tschigojew (1998-2001)

Iraq
- Head of State and Government: President Saddam Hussein (1979-2003)

Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) (Prime Minister 1981–1989)
- Head of Government: President Mohammad Chātami (1997-2005)

Israel
- Head of State:
  - President Ezer Weizmann (1993–12 July 2000)
  - President of Parliament Avraham Burg (July 12, 2000– August 1, 2000) (acting)
  - President Moshe Katzav (August 1, 2000–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ehud Barak (1999–2001)

Yemen

Head of State: Chairman of the Presidential Council Ali Abdullah Salih (1990–2012) (President from 1994) (1978–1990 President of North Yemen)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdul Karim al-Iryani (1998–2001) (1980–1983 Prime Minister of North Yemen)

Jordan
- Head of State: King Abdullah II (since 1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Abdelraouf ar-Rawabdeh (1999–19 June 2000)
  - Prime Minister Ali Abu ar-Ragheb (June 19, 2000–2003)

Qatar
- Head of State: Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (1995–2013) (1995–1996 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdullah bin Chalifa Al Thani (1996-2007)

Kuwait

Head of State: Emir Jabir III. (1977–2006) ( 1962–1963, 1965–1978 Prime Minister )

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sa'ad al-Abdallah as-Salim as-Sabah (1978-2003) (2006 Emir)

Lebanon
- Head of State: President Émile Lahoud (1998–2007)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Selim al-Hoss ( 1976–1980, 1987–1990 , 1998–23 October 2000)
  - Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri ( 1992–1998 , October 23, 2000–2004)

Oman
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Qaboos ibn Said (1970–2020)

Palestinian Territories
- Head of State and Government: President: Yasser Arafat (1994-2004)

Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1982-2005)

Syria
- Head of State:
  - President Hafiz al-Assad (1971–10 June 2000) (1970–1971 Prime Minister)
  - President Abd al-Halim Haddam (June 10, 2000– July 17, 2000) (Acting)
  - President Bashar al-Assad (since July 17, 2000)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mahmud Zuabi (1987-13 March 2000)
  - Prime Minister Mohammed Mustafa Miro (March 13, 2000–2003)

Turkey
- Head of State:
  - President Süleyman Demirel (1993–16 May 2000) (1965–1971, 1975–1977, 1977–1978, 1979–1980, 1991–1993 Prime Minister)
  - President Ahmet Necdet Sezer (May 16, 2000–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit ( 1974, 1977, 1978–1979 , 1999–2002)

United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Zayid bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1971–2004) (1966–2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Maktum bin Raschid Al Maktum ( 1971–1979 , 1990–2006) (1990–2006 Emir of Dubai)

Central Asia

Afghanistan
- Head of State: Leader of the Faithful Mohammed Omar (1996-2001)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the Supreme Council Mohammad Rabbani (1996-2001)

Kazakhstan

Head of State: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1991-2019)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Qassym-Shomart Toqayev (1999–2002)

Kyrgyzstan
- Head of State: President Askar Akayev (1991-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Amangeldy Muraliev (1999–21 December 2000)
  - Prime Minister Kurmanbek Bakiyev (December 21, 2000–2002, 2005 ) (2005–2010 President)

Mongolia
- Head of State: President Natsagiin Bagabandi (1997-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Rintschinnjamyn Amardschargal (1999–26 July 2000)
  - Prime Minister Nambaryn Enchbajar (July 26, 2000–2004) (2005–2009 President)

Tajikistan

Head of State: President Emomalij Rahmonow (since 1992)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Oqil Oqilow (1999-2013)

Turkmenistan
- Head of State and Government: President Saparmyrat Nyýazow (1991–2006)

Uzbekistan

Head of State: President Islom Karimov (1991-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Oʻtkir Sultonov (1995–2003)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : William Deane (1996-2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Howard (1996-2007)

Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
  - Queen's Representative:
    - Apenera Short (1990-14 November 2000)
    - Lawrence Murray Greig (November 14, 2000–2001) (acting)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Terepai Maoate (1999–2002)

Fiji
- Head of State:
  - President Kamisese Mara (1993–29 May 2000) (Prime Minister 1970–1987, 1987–1992)
  - Head of the military government Frank Bainimarama (May 29, 2000– July 28, 2000) (Prime Minister since 2007)
  - President Josefa Iloilo (July 18, 2000–2009)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry (1999–27 May 2000)
  - Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase (July 4, 2000–2001, 2001–2006 ) (acting)

Kiribati
- Head of State and Government: President Teburoro Tito (1994–2003)

Marshall Islands
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Imata Kabua (1997-10 January 2000)
  - President Kessai Note (January 10, 2000–2008)

Micronesia
Head of State or Government: President Leo Falcam (1999–2003)

Nauru
- Head of State and Government:
  - President René Harris (1999–20 April 2000, 2001–2003, 2003, 2003–2004 )
  - President Bernard Dowiyogo ( 1976–1978, 1989–1995, 1996, 1998–1999 , April 20, 2000–2001, 2003, 2003 )

New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Michael Hardie Boys (1996-2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Helen Clark (1999-2008)

Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sani Lakatani (1999–2002)

Palau
- Head of State or Government: President Kuniwo Nakamura (1994–31 December 2000)

Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
  - Governor General : Silas Atopare (1997-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mekere Morauta (1999–2002)

Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : John Lapli (1999-2004)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Bartholomew Ulufa'alu (1997–30 June 2000)
  - Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare (June 30, 2000–2001, 2006–2007, 2014–2017, since 2019 )

Samoa

Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tanumafili II. (1962-2007)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sailele Tuilaʻepa Malielegaoi (since 1998)

Tonga
- Head of State: King Taufaʻahau Tupou IV. (1970-2006)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Baron Vaea (1991–3 January 2000)
  - Prime Minister Ulukalala Lavaka Ata (January 3, 2000–2006) (King since 2012)

Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Tomasi Puapua (1998–2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ionatana Ionatana (1999–8 December 2000)
  - Prime Minister Lagitupu Tuilimu (December 8, 2000–2001) (acting)

Vanuatu
- Head of State: President John Bennett Bani (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Barak Sopé (1999–2001)

Europe

Albania
- Head of State: President Rexhep Meidani (1997-2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ilir Meta (1999–2002)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France : Jacques Chirac (1995-2007)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Joan Martí Alanís (1971-2003)
- Head of Government: District President Marc Forné Molné (1994-2005)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Albert II (1993-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt (1999–2008)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State:
  - Chairman of the State Presidium Ante Jelavić (1999–14 February 2000)
  - Chairman of the State Presidium Alija Izetbegović ( 1990–1998 , February 14, 2000– October 14, 2000)
  - President of the State Presidency Zivko Radišić ( 1998–1999 , October 14, 2000–2001)
- State Presidency:
  - Bosniaks: Alija Izetbegović (1998–2002)
  - Croatians: Ante Jelavić (1998-2001)
  - Serbs: Živko Radišić (1998–2002)
- Head of Government:
  - Co-Prime Minister Haris Silajdžić ( 1993–1996 , 1997–6 June 2000) (2006–2010 Member of the State Presidency)
  - Co-Prime Minister Svetozar Mihajlović (1999–6 June 2000)
  - Prime Minister Spasoje Tuševljak (June 6, 2000– October 18, 2000)
  - Prime Minister Martin Raguž (October 18, 2000–2001)

Bulgaria
- Head of State: President Petar Stojanow (1997-2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ivan Kostov (1997-2001)

Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (1993–2001)
- Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsfrau Vibeke Larsen (1995–2001)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Anfinn Kallsberg (1998-2004)

Germany
- Head of State: Federal President Johannes Rau (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Gerhard Schröder (1998–2005)

Estonia
- Head of State: President Lennart Meri (1992–2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mart Laar ( 1992–1994 , 1999–2002)

Finland
- Head of State:
  - President Martti Ahtisaari (1994–1 March 2000)
  - President Tarja Halonen (March 1, 2000–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen (1995-2003)

France
- Head of State: President Jacques Chirac (1995–2007) (1974–1976, Prime Minister 1986–1988)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lionel Jospin (1997-2002)

Greece
- Head of State: President Konstantinos Stefanopoulos (1995-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Konstantinos Simitis (1996-2004)

Ireland
- Head of State: President Mary McAleese (1997-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bertie Ahern (1997-2008)

Iceland
- Head of State: President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (1996–2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Davíð Oddsson (1991-2004)

Italy
- Head of State: President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1999–2006) (Prime Minister 1993–1994)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Massimo D'Alema (1998–26 April 2000)
  - Prime Minister Giuliano Amato ( 1993 , April 26, 2000–2001)

Yugoslavia
- Head of State:
  - President Slobodan Milošević (1997–7 October 2000)
  - President Vojislav Koštunica (October 7, 2000–2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Momir Bulatović (1998–4 November 2000)
  - Prime Minister Zoran Žižić (November 4, 2000–2003)

Channel Islands
- guernsey
  - Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Deputy Governor:
      - John Coward (1994-2000)
      - John Foley (May 2000-2005)
- jersey
  - Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Vice-Governor: Michael Wilkes (1995–12 October 2000)

Croatia
- Head of State:
  - Speaker of Parliament Vlatko Pavletić (1999–2 February 2000) (acting)
  - Speaker of the Parliament Zlatko Tomčić (February 2, 2000– February 18, 2000) (acting)
  - President Stjepan Mesić (February 18, 2000–2010)
- Head of Government:
  - District President Zlatko Mateša (1995–27 January 2000)
  - District President Ivica Račan (January 27, 2000–2003)

Latvia
- Head of State: President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (1999–2007)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Andris Šķēle ( 1995–1997 , 1999–5 May 2000)
  - Prime Minister Andris Bērziņš (May 5, 2000–2002)

Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
- Head of Government : Mario Frick (1993-2001)

Lithuania
- Head of State: President Valdas Adamkus (1998–2003, 2004–2009 )
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Andrius Kubilius (1999–26 October 2000, 2008–2012 )
  - Prime Minister Rolandas Paksas ( 1999 , October 26, 2000–2001)

Luxembourg
- Head of State:
  - Grand Duke Jean (1964–7 October 2000)
  - Grand Duke Henri (since October 7, 2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker (1995-2013)

Malta
- Head of State: President Guido de Marco (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edward Fenech Adami ( 1987–1996 , 1998–2004) (2004–2009 President)

Isle of Man
- Head of State: Lord of Man Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Lieutenant Governor :
    - Timothy Daunt (1995–1 September 2000)
    - Thomas William Cain (September 1, 2000– October 25, 2000) (acting)
    - Ian David Macfadyen (October 25, 2000-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Donald Gelling (1996-2001, 2004-2006 )

Macedonia
- Head of State: President Boris Trajkovski (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ljubčo Georgievski (1998–2002)

Moldova

Head of State: President Petru Lucinschi (1997-2001)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Dumitru Braghiș (1999-2001)

Transnistria (not internationally recognized)
President: Igor Smirnov (1991–2011)

Monaco
- Head of State: Prince : Rainier III. (1949-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Minister of State Michel Lévêque (1997–1 June 2000)
  - Minister of State Patrick Leclercq (June 1, 2000–2005)

Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Beatrix (1980-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Wim Kok (1994–2002)

Norway
- Head of State: King Harald V (since 1991)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Kjell Magne Bondevik (1997–17 March 2000, 2001–2005 )
  - Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg (March 17, 2000–2001, 2005–2013 )

Austria
- Head of State: Federal President Thomas Klestil (1992-2004)
- Head of Government:
  - Federal Chancellor Viktor Klima (1997–4 February 2000)
  - Federal Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel (February 4, 2000–2007)

Poland
- Head of State: President Aleksander Kwaśniewski (1995-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek (1997-2001)

Portugal
- Head of State: President Jorge Sampaio (1996-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister António Guterres (1995-2002)

Romania
- Head of State:
  - President Emil Constantinescu (1996–20 December 2000)
  - President Ion Iliescu (December 20, 2000–2004)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mugur Isărescu (1999-28 December 2000)
  - Prime Minister Adrian Năstase (December 28, 2000–2004)

Russia
- Head of State: President Vladimir Putin (1999–2008, since 2012 ) (acting until May 7, 2000) (1999–2000, 2008–2012 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Vladimir Putin (1999–7 May 2000, 2008–2012 ) (1999–2008, President since 2012)
  - Prime Minister Mikhail Kassyanov (May 7, 2000-2004)

San Marino
- Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
  - Marino Bollini ( 1979– 1984–1985, 1995 , October 1, 1999– April 1, 2000) and Giuseppe Arzilli ( 1986–1987 , October 1, 1999– April 1, 2000, 2004–2005 )
  - Maria Domenica Michelotti (April 1, 2000– October 1, 2000) and Gian Marco Marcucci (April 1, 2000– October 1, 2000)
  - Gian Franco Terenzi ( 1987–1988 , October 1, 2000– April 1, 2001, 2006, 2014–2015 ) and Enzo Colombini ( 1984 , October 1, 2000– April 1, 2001)

Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Göran Persson (1996-2006)

Switzerland
- Federal President : Adolf Ogi ( 1993 , 2000)
- Federal Council :
  - Adolf Ogi (1988–31 December 2000)
  - Kaspar Villiger (1989-2003)
  - Ruth Dreifuss (1993-2002)
  - Moritz Leuenberger (1995-2010)
  - Pascal Couchepin (1998-2009)
  - Joseph Deiss (1999-2006)
  - Ruth Metzler-Arnold (1999-2003)

Slovakia
- Head of State: President Rudolf Schuster (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mikuláš Dzurinda (1998–2006)

Slovenia
- Head of State: President Milan Kučan (1991–2002)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Janez Drnovšek (1992–3 May 2000, 2000–2002 ) (2002–2007 President)
  - Prime Minister Andrei Bajuk (May 3, 2000– November 17, 2000)
  - Prime Minister Janez Drnovšek ( 1992–2000 , November 17, 2000–2002) (2002–2007 President)

Spain
- Head of State: King Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José María Aznar (1996-2004)

Czech Republic
- Head of State: President Václav Havel (1993-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Miloš Zeman (1998–2002) (President since 2013)

Ukraine
- Head of State: President Leonid Kuchma (1994–2005) (Prime Minister 1992–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Viktor Yushchenko (1999–2001) (2005–2010 President)

Hungary
- Head of State:
  - President Árpád Göncz (1990–4 August 2000)
  - President Ferenc Mádl (August 4, 2000–2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Viktor Orbán (1998–2002, since 2010 )

Vatican city
- Head of State: Pope John Paul II (1978-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Cardinal State Secretary Angelo Sodano (1990-2006)
  - President of the Governorate Edmund Casimir Szoka (1997–2006)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tony Blair (1997-2007)

Belarus
- Head of State: President Aljaksandr Lukashenka (since 1994)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sjarhej Linh (1996–18 February 2000)
  - Prime Minister Uladzimir Yarmoschyn (February 18, 2000–2001) (provisional until March 14, 2000)

Republic of Cyprus

Head of State and Government: President Glafkos Klerides (1993-2003)

Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Rauf Denktaş (1983-2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Derviş Eroğlu ( 1985–1994 , 1996–2004, 2009–2010 ) (2010–2015 President)

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[kronbesitz-1] The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.

[2] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares