List of Heads of State 1996
Overview
◄◄ | ◄ | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | List of Heads of State 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | ► | ►►
Other events
Africa
-
Egypt
- Head of State: President Husni Mubarak (1981–2011) (1981–1982 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Atif Muhammad Nagib Sidqi (1986–4 January 1996)
- Prime Minister Kamal al-Ganzuri (January 4, 1996–1999, 2011–2012 )
-
Algeria
- Head of State: President Liamine Zéroual (1994–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia (1995–1998, 2003–2006, 2008–2012, 2017–2019 )
-
Angola
- Head of State: President José Eduardo dos Santos (1979-2017)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Marcolino Moco (1992–3 June 1996)
- Prime Minister Fernando José de França Dias Van Dúnem ( 1991–1992 , June 3, 1996–1999)
-
Equatorial Guinea
- Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Silvestre Siale Bileka (1992–1 April 1996)
- Prime Minister Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan (April 1, 1996–2001)
-
Ethiopia
- Head of State: President Negasso Gidada (1995-2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Meles Zenawi (1995–2012) (1991–1995 President)
-
Benin
- Head of State:
- President Nicéphore Soglo (1991–4 April 1996) (1990–1991 Prime Minister)
- President Mathieu Kérékou ( 1972–1991 , April 4, 1996–2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Adrien Houngbédji (April 9, 1996–1998) (newly created office)
- Head of State:
-
Botswana
- Head of State or Government: President Quett Masire (1980–1998)
-
Burkina Faso
- Head of State: President Blaise Compaoré (1987-2014)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Roch Marc Kaboré (1994–6 February 1996)
- Prime Minister Kadré Désiré Ouédraogo (February 6, 1996–2000)
-
Burundi
- Head of State:
- President Sylvestre Ntibantunganya (1994–25 July 1996)
- President Pierre Buyoya ( 1987–1993 , July 25, 1996–2003)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Antoine Nduwayo (1995–31 July 1996)
- Prime Minister Pascal-Firmin Ndimira (July 31, 1996–1998)
- Head of State:
-
Djibouti
- Head of State: President Hassan Gouled Aptidon (1977–1999) (1977 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Barkat Gourad Hamadou (1978-2001)
-
Ivory Coast
- Head of State: President Henri Konan Bédié (1993–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Daniel Kablan Duncan (1993–1999, 2012–2017 )
-
Eritrea
- Head of State and Government: President Isayas Afewerki (since 1993)
-
Gabon
- Head of State: President Omar Bongo (1967–2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paulin Obame Nguema (1994–1999)
-
Gambia
- Head of State and Government: President Yahya Jammeh (1994–2017) (until October 18, 1996 Chairman of the Provisional Government Council of the Army)
-
Ghana
- Head of State and Government: President Jerry Rawlings ( 1979 , 1981-2001) (until 1993 Chairman of the Provisional National Defense Council)
-
Guinea
- Head of State: President Lansana Conté (1984–2008)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sidya Touré (July 9, 1996–1999) (newly created office)
-
Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State: President João Bernardo Vieira ( 1980–1984 , 1984–1999, 2005–2009 ) (1978–1980 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Manuel Saturnino da Costa (1994–1997)
-
Cameroon
- Head of State: President Paul Biya (since 1982)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Simon Achidi Achu (1992–19 September 1996)
- Prime Minister Peter Mafany Musonge (September 19, 1996-2004)
-
Cape Verde
- Head of State: President António Monteiro (1991-2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Carlos Veiga (1991–2000)
-
Kenya
- Head of State and Government: President Daniel Arap Moi (1978–2002)
-
Comoros
- Head of State:
- Prime Minister Caabi el-Yachroutu (1995–25 January 1996) (acting)
- President Said Mohamed Djohar (January 25, 1996– March 25, 1996)
- President Mohammed Taki Abdoulkarim ( 1995 , March 25, 1996–1998) (1995 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Caabi el-Yachroutu (1995–27 March 1996)
- Prime Minister Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde (March 27, 1996– December 27, 1996) (1998–1999 President)
- Prime Minister Ahmed Abdou (December 27, 1996–1997)
- Head of State:
-
Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; 1970–1992 People's Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State: President Pascal Lissouba (1992–1997) (Prime Minister 1963–1966)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Joachim Yhombi-Opango (1993–27 August 1996)
- Prime Minister Charles David Ganao (August 27, 1996–1997)
-
Lesotho
- Head of State:
- King Moshoeshoe II ( 1966–1970, 1970–1990 , 1995–15 January 1996)
- Regent Mamohato ( 1970, 1990 , January 15, 1996– February 7, 1996)
- King Letsie III. ( 1990–1995 , since February 7, 1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ntsu Mokhehle ( 1993–1994 , 1994–1998)
- Head of State:
-
Liberia
- Head of State and Government:
- State Councilor Wilton Sankawulo (1995–3 September 1996)
- State Councilor Ruth Perry (September 3, 1996–1997)
- Head of State and Government:
-
Libya
- Revolutionary leader: Muammar al-Gaddafi (1969–2011) (1969–1979 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
- Head of State: General Secretary of the General People's Congress Zantani Muhammad az-Zantani (1992-2008)
- Head of Government: General Secretary of the General People's Committee Abd al-Madschid al-Qaʿud (1994–1997)
-
Madagascar
- Head of State:
- President Albert Zafy (1993–5 September 1996)
- Prime Minister Norbert Ratsirahonana (September 5, 1996–1997) (acting) (Prime Minister 1996–1997)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Emmanuel Rakotovahiny (1995–28 May 1996)
- Prime Minister Norbert Ratsirahonana (May 28, 1996–1997) (President 1996–1997)
- Head of State:
-
Malawi
- Head of State and Government: President Bakili Muluzi (1994-2004)
-
Mali
- Head of State: President Alpha Oumar Konaré (1992–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta (1994–2000)
-
Morocco
- Head of State: King Hassan II (1961–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdellatif Filali (1994–1998)
-
Mauritania
- Head of State: President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya (1984–2005) (1981–1984, Prime Minister 1984–1992)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar (1992–2 January 1996, 1998–2003 )
- Prime Minister Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna (January 2, 1996–1997, 1998–2003 )
-
Mauritius
- Head of State: President Cassam Uteem (1992–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam (1995–2000, 2005–2014 )
-
Mozambique
- Head of State: President Joaquim Alberto Chissano (1986-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pascoal Mocumbi (1994-2004)
-
Namibia
- Head of State: President Sam Nujoma (1990-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hage Geingob (1990–2002, 2012–2015 ) (since 2015 President)
-
Niger
- Head of State:
- President of the Supreme Military Council Mahamane Ousmane (1993–27 January 1996)
- Chairman of the National Salvation Council Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara (January 27, 1996–1999) (President since August 7, 1996)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Hama Amadou (1995–27 January 1996, 2000–2007 )
- Prime Minister Boukary Adji (January 27, 1996– December 21, 1996)
- Prime Minister Amadou Boubacar Cissé ( 1995 , December 21, 1996–1997)
- Head of State:
-
Nigeria
- Head of State and Government: Chairman of the Provisional Government Council Sani Abacha (1993–1998)
-
Rwanda
- Head of State: President Pasteur Bizimungu (1994-2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pierre-Célestin Rwigema (1995–2000)
-
Zambia
- Head of State or Government: President Frederick Chiluba (1991–2002)
-
Sao Tome and Principe
- Head of State: President Miguel Trovoada ( 1991–1995 , 1995–2001) (1975–1979 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Armindo Vaz d'Almeida (1995–19 November 1996)
- Prime Minister Raul Bragança Neto (November 19, 1996–1999)
-
Senegal
- Head of State: President Abdou Diouf (1981–2000) (Prime Minister 1970–1980)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Habib Thiam ( 1981–1983 , 1991–1998)
-
Seychelles
- Head of State and Government: President France-Albert René (1977–2004) (1976–1977 Prime Minister)
-
Sierra Leone
- Head of State:
- Chairman of the Supreme Council of State Valentine Strasser (1992–17 January 1996)
- Chairman of the Supreme Council of State Julius Maada Bio (January 17, 1996– March 29, 1996) (1993–1995 Chairman of the Council of State Secretaries)
- President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah (March 29, 1996–1997, 1998–2007 )
- Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of State Secretaries Akim A. Gibril (1995–29 March 1996) (office abolished)
- Head of State:
-
Zimbabwe
- Head of State and Government: President Robert Mugabe (1987–2017) (1980–1987 Prime Minister)
-
Somalia
- Head of State and Government: President Ali Mahdi Mohammed (1991–1997)
-
Somaliland (not internationally recognized)
- Head of State and Government: President Mohammed Haji Ibrahim Egal (1993–2002) (1967–1969 Prime Minister of Somalia)
-
Somaliland (not internationally recognized)
- Head of State and Government: President Ali Mahdi Mohammed (1991–1997)
-
South Africa
- Head of State or Government: President Nelson Mandela (1994–1999)
-
Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Umar al-Bashir (1989–2019)
-
Swaziland
- Head of State: King Mswati III. (since 1986)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Jameson Mbilini Dlamini (1993–8 May 1996)
- Prime Minister Sishayi Nxumalo (May 8, 1996– July 26, 1996) (acting)
- Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini (July 26, 1996–2003, 2008–2018 )
-
Tanzania
- Head of State: President Benjamin Mkapa (1995-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Frederick Sumaye (1995-2005)
-
Togo
- Head of State: President Gnassingbé Eyadéma (1967-2005)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Edem Kodjo (1994-20 August 1996, 2005-2006 )
- Prime Minister Kwassi Klutse (August 20, 1996–1999)
-
Chad
- Head of State: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Koibla Djimasta (1995–1997)
-
Tunisia
- Head of State: President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali (1987–2011) (Prime Minister 1987)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hamed Karoui (1989–1999)
-
Uganda
- Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kintu Musoke (1994–1999)
-
Western Sahara (controversial)
- Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz (1976-2016) (in exile)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mahfoud Ali Beiba ( 1982–1985, 1988–1993 , 1995–1999) (in exile)
-
Zaïre (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971, since 1997 Democratic Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State: President Mobutu Sese Seko (1965–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kengo Wa Dondo ( 1982–1986, 1988–1990 , 1994–1997)
-
Central African Republic
- Head of State: President Ange-Félix Patassé (1993–2003) (Prime Minister 1976–1978)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Gabriel Koyambounou (1995–11 June 1996)
- Prime Minister Jean-Paul Ngoupandé (June 11, 1996–1997)
America
North America
-
Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
- Governor General : Roméo LeBlanc (1995–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean Chrétien (1993-2003)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
-
Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Ernesto Zedillo (1994–2000)
-
United States of America
- Heads of State or Government: President Bill Clinton (1993-2001)
Central America
-
Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
- Governor General James Carlisle (1993-2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lester Bird (1994-2004)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
-
Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
- Governor General : Orville Alton Turnquest (1995-2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham (1992–2002, 2007–2012 )
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
-
Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
-
Governor General :
- Supreme Court Chairman Denys Williams (1995–1 June 1996) (Acting)
- Clifford Husbands (June 1, 1996-2011)
-
Governor General :
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Owen Arthur (1994–2008)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
-
Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
- Governor General : Colville Young (since 1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Manuel Esquivel ( 1984–1989 , 1993–1998)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
-
Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: President José María Figueres Olsen (1994–1998)
-
Dominica
- Head of State: President Crispin Sorhaindo (1993–1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edison James (1995-2000)
-
Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government:
- President Joaquín Balaguer ( 1960–1962, 1966–1978 , 1986–16 August 1996)
- President Leonel Fernández (August 16, 1996–2000, 2004–2012 )
- Head of State and Government:
-
El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Armando Calderón Sol (1994–1999)
-
Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
-
Governor General :
- Reginald Palme (1992-9 August 1996)
- Daniel Williams (August 9, 1996-2008)
-
Governor General :
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Keith Mitchell (1995–2008, since 2013 )
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
-
Guatemala
- Head of State and Government:
- President Ramiro de León Carpio (1993–14 January 1996)
- President Álvaro Arzú Irigoyen (January 14, 1996-2000)
- Head of State and Government:
-
Haiti
- Head of State:
- President Jean-Bertrand Aristide ( 1991, 1993–1994 , 1994–7 February 1996, 2001–2004 )
- President René Préval (February 7, 1996–2001, 2006–2011 )
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Claudette Werleigh (1995–6 March 1996)
- Prime Minister Rosny Smarth (March 6, 1996–1997)
- Head of State:
-
Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Roberto Reina (1994–1998)
-
Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
- Governor General : Howard Cooke (1991-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Percival J. Patterson (1992–2006)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
-
Cuba
- Head of State and Head of Government: President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Fidel Castro (1976-2008) (1959-1976 Prime Minister)
-
Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (1990–1997) (1979–1980 member of the government junta for national reconstruction)
-
Panama
- Head of State and Government: President Ernesto Pérez Balladares (1994–1999)
-
St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
- Governor General : Cuthbert Sebastian (January 1, 1996–2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Denzil Douglas (1995-2015)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
-
St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
-
Governor General :
- Stanislaus A. James (1988–1 June 1996)
- George Mallet (June 1, 1996–1997)
-
Governor General :
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister John Compton (1982–2 April 1996, 2006–2007 )
- Prime Minister Vaughan Allen Lewis (April 2, 1996-1997)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
-
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
-
Governor General :
- David Jack (1989–1 June 1996)
- Charles Antrobus (June 1, 1996–2002)
-
Governor General :
- Head of Government: Prime Minister James Fitz-Allen Mitchell (1984–2000)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
-
Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State: President Noor Hassanali (1987–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Basdeo Panday (1995-2001)
South America
-
Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Menem (1989–1999)
-
Bolivia
- Head of State and Government: President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada (1993–1997, 2002–2003 )
-
Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995–2003)
-
Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (1994–2000)
-
Ecuador
- Head of State and Government:
- President Sixto Durán Ballén (1992–10 August 1996)
- President Abdalá Bucaram (August 10, 1996–1997)
- Head of State and Government:
-
Guyana
- Head of State: President Cheddi Jagan (1992–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sam Hinds (1992–1997, 1997–1999, 1999–2015 ) (1997 President)
-
Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Ernesto Samper (1994–1998)
-
Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Juan Carlos Wasmosy (1993–1998)
-
Peru
- Head of State: President Alberto Fujimori (1990–2000)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Dante Córdova Blanco (1995–3 April 1996)
- Prime Minister Alberto Pandolfi (April 3, 1996–1998, 1998–1999 )
-
Suriname
- Head of state:
- President Ronald Venetiaan (1991– September 15, 1996, 2000–2010 )
- President Jules Albert Wijdenbosch (September 15, 1996–2000) (1987–1988, 1991 head of government)
- Head of Government:
- Vice-President Jules Ratankumar Ajodhia (1991–15 September 1996, 2000–2005 )
- Vice President Pretapnarian Shawh Radhakishun ( 1986–1987 , September 15, 1996–2000)
- Head of state:
-
Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Julio María Sanguinetti ( 1985–1990 , 1995–2000)
-
Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Rafael Caldera ( 1969–1974 , 1994–1999)
Asia
East, South and Southeast Asia
-
Bangladesh
- Head of State:
- President Abdur Rahman Biswas (1991– October 9, 1996)
- President Shahabuddin Ahmed ( 1990–1991 , October 9, 1996–2001)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Hasina Wajed (1991–30 March 1996, 2001–2006 )
- Chief Advisor Habibur Rahman (March 30, 1996– June 23, 1996)
- Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina (June 23, 1996–2001, since 2009 )
- Head of State:
-
Bhutan
- Head of State and Government: King Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1972-2006)
-
Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)
-
Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State: President Lee Teng-hui (1988–2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lien Chan (1993–1997)
-
People's Republic of China
- Head of State: President Jiang Zemin (1993-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Li Peng (1987–1998)
-
India
- Head of State: President Shankar Dayal Sharma (1992–1997)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao (1991–16 May 1996)
- Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee (May 16, 1996– June 1, 1996, 1998–2004 )
- Prime Minister HD Deve Gowda (June 1, 1996–1997)
-
Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Akihito (1989-2019)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Murayama Tomiichi (1994–11 January 1996)
- Prime Minister Ryūtarō Hashimoto (January 11, 1996-1998)
-
Cambodia
- Head of State: King Norodom Sihanouk ( 1941–1955 , 1993–2004) (1960–1970, 1975–1976, 1991–1993 President)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)
-
North Korea
- Chairman of the National Defense Commission : Kim Jong-il (1994–2011)
- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Yang Hyong-sop (1994–1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kang Song-san ( 1984–1986 , 1992–1997)
-
South Korea
- Head of State: President Kim Young-sam (1993–1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lee Soo-sung (1995–1997)
-
Laos
- Head of State: President Nouhak Phoumsavanh (1992–1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khamtay Siphandone (1991–1998)
-
Malaysia
- Head of State: Supreme Ruler Tuanku Jaafar (1994–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad (1981–2003, 2018–2020 )
-
Maldives
- Head of State or Government: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1978–2008)
-
Myanmar
- Head of State: Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development Than Shwe (1992–2011) (Prime Minister 1992–2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Than Shwe (1992–2003) (1992–2011 Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development)
-
Nepal
- Head of State: King Birendra (1972-2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba (1995–1997, 2001–2002, 2004–2005, 2017–2018 )
-
Pakistan
- Head of State: President Faruk Ahmad Khan Leghari (1993–1997)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ( 1988–1990 , 1993–5 November 1996)
- Prime Minister Miraj Khalid (November 5, 1996–1997) (acting)
-
Philippines
- Head of State and Government: President Fidel Ramos (1992–1998)
-
Singapore
- Head of State: President Ong Teng Cheong (1993–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong (1990-2004)
-
Sri Lanka
- Head of State: President Chandrika Kumaratunga (1994–2005) (1994 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike ( 1960–1965, 1970–1977 , 1994–2000)
-
Thailand
- Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Banharn Silpa-archa (1995–25 November 1996)
- Prime Minister Chavalit Yongchaiyudh (November 25, 1996–1997)
-
Vietnam
- Head of State: President Lê Đức Anh (1992–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Võ Văn Kiệt ( 1988 , 1991–1997) (until 1992 Chairman of the Council of Ministers)
Middle East
-
Armenia
- Head of State: President Levon Ter-Petrosyan (1991–1998)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Hrant Bagratjan ( 1991–1992 , 1993–4 November 1996)
- Prime Minister Armen Zarkissjan (November 4, 1996–1997, President since 2018 )
-
Azerbaijan
- Head of State:
- President Heidar Aliyev (1993-2003)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Fuad Gulijew (1994–20 July 1996)
- Prime Minister Artur Rasizadä (July 20, 1996–2003, 2003–2018 ) (provisional until November 26, 1996)
-
Nagorno Karabakh (not internationally recognized)
- Head of State: President Robert Kocharyan (1994–1997) (1992–1994 Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh, 1997–1998, 2000 Prime Minister of Armenia, 1998–2008 President of Armenia)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Leonard Petrosyan (1994–1998)
- Head of State:
-
Bahrain
- Head of State: Emir Isa II. (1971–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)
-
Georgia
- Head of State: President Eduard Shevardnadze (1992-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Niko Lekishvili (1995–1998)
-
Abkhazia (not recognized internationally)
- Head of State: President Wladislaw Ardsinba (1992-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Gennadi Gagulija (1995–1997, 2002–2003 )
-
South Ossetia (not internationally recognized)
- Head of State: President of Parliament Ludwig Tschibirow (1993-2001)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Vladislav Gabarajew (1994 - September 1996)
- Prime Minister Alexander Schawlochow (1996–1998)
-
Iraq
- Head of State and Government: President Saddam Hussein (1979-2003)
-
Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) (Prime Minister 1981–1989)
- Head of State: President Akbar Hāschemi Rafsanjāni (1989–1997)
-
Israel
- Head of State: President Ezer Weizmann (1993–2002)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Shimon Peres ( 1977, 1984–1986 , 1995–18 June 1996) (President since 2007)
- Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu (June 18, 1996–1999, since 2009 )
-
Yemen
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidential Council Ali Abdullah Salih (1990–2012) (President from 1994) (1978–1990 President of North Yemen)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abd al-Aziz Abd al-Ghani (1994–1997) (1975–1980, 1983–1990 Prime Minister of North Yemen)
-
Jordan
- Head of State: King Hussein (1952–1999)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Zaid ibn Shaker ( 1989, 1991–1993 , 1995–4 February 1996)
- Prime Minister Abdelkarim al-Kabariti (February 4, 1996–1997)
-
Qatar
- Head of State: Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (1995–2013) (1995–1996 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (1995–29 October 1996) (1995–2013 Emir)
- Prime Minister Abdullah bin Chalifa Al Thani (October 29, 1996-2007)
-
Kuwait
- Head of State: Emir Jabir III. (1977–2006) ( 1962–1963, 1965–1978 Prime Minister )
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sa'ad al-Abdallah as-Salim as-Sabah (1978-2003) (2006 Emir)
-
Lebanon
- Head of State: President Élias Hrawi (1989–1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri (1992–1998, 2000–2004 )
-
Palestinian Territories
- Head of State and Government: President: Yasser Arafat (1994-2004)
-
Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1982-2005)
- Regent: Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz (January 1, 1996-21 February 1996) (King 2005-2015)
- Head of State and Government: King Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1982-2005)
-
Syria
- Head of State: President Hafiz al-Assad (1971–2000) (1970–1971 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mahmud Zuabi (1987–2000)
-
Turkey
- Head of State: President Süleyman Demirel (1993–2000) (1965–1971, 1975–1977, 1977–1978, 1979–1980, 1991–1993 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Tansu Çiller (1993–6 March 1996)
- Prime Minister Mesut Yılmaz ( 1991 , March 6, 1996– June 28, 1996, 1997–1999 )
- Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan (June 28, 1996–1997)
-
United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Zayid bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1971–2004) (1966–2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Maktum bin Raschid Al Maktum ( 1971–1979 , 1990–2006) (1990–2006 Emir of Dubai)
Central Asia
-
Afghanistan
- Head of State:
- Chairman of the Islamic Council Burhānuddin Rabbāni (1992–27 September 1996)
- Leader of the Faithful Mohammed Omar (September 27, 1996–2001)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai (1995–26 June 1996) (acting)
- Prime Minister Gulbuddin Hekmatyār ( 1993–1994 , June 26, 1996– September 27, 1996)
- Chairman of the Supreme Council Mohammad Rabbani (September 27, 1996-2001)
- Head of State:
-
Kazakhstan
- Head of State: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1991-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Akeschan Kaschegeldin (1994–1997)
-
Kyrgyzstan
- Head of State: President Askar Akayev (1991-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Apas Dschumagulow (1993–1998)
-
Mongolia
- Head of State: President Punsalmaagiin Otschirbat (1990–1997)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Puntsagiin Jasrai (1992–19 July 1996)
- Prime Minister Mendsaichaniin Enchsaichan (July 19, 1996–1998)
-
Tajikistan
- Head of State: President Emomalij Rahmonow (since 1992)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Jamsched Karimov (1994–8 February 1996)
- Prime Minister Jachjo Asimow (February 8, 1996–1999)
-
Turkmenistan
- Head of State and Government: President Saparmyrat Nyýazow (1991–2006)
-
Uzbekistan
- Head of State: President Islom Karimov (1991-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Oʻtkir Sultonov (1995–2003)
Australia and Oceania
-
Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
-
Governor General :
- Bill Hayden (1989–16 February 1996)
- William Deane (February 16, 1996-2001)
-
Governor General :
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Paul Keating (1991–11 March 1996)
- Prime Minister John Howard (March 11, 1996-2007)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
-
Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
- Queen's Representative: Apenera Short (1990-2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Geoffrey Henry ( 1983 , 1989–1999)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
-
Fiji
- Head of State: President Kamisese Mara (1993–2000) (Prime Minister 1970–1987, 1987–1992)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka (1992–1999)
-
Kiribati
- Head of State and Government: President Teburoro Tito (1994–2003)
-
Marshall Islands
- Head of State and Government:
- President Amata Kabua (1986-20 December 1996)
- President Kunio Lemari (December 20, 1996–1997) (acting)
- Head of State and Government:
-
Micronesia
- Head of State and Government:
- President Bailey Olter (1991–1997) (incapacitated November 8, 1996)
- Vice-President Jacob Nena (November 8, 1996–1997, 1997–1999 ) (acting)
- Head of State and Government:
-
Nauru
- Head of State and Government:
- President Lagumot Harris ( 1978 , 1995–11 November 1996)
- President Bernard Dowiyogo ( 1976–1978, 1989–1995 , November 11, 1996– November 26, 1996, 1998–1999, 2000–2001, 2003, 2003 )
- President Kennan Adeang ( 1986–1986; November 26, 1996– December 19, 1996)
- President Ruben Kun (December 19, 1996–1997)
- Head of State and Government:
-
New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
-
Governor General :
- Catherine Tizard (1990-21 March 1996)
- Michael Hardie Boys (March 21, 1996-2001)
-
Governor General :
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jim Bolger (1990–1997)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
-
Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
- Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Frank Lui (1993–1999)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
-
Palau
- Head of State and Government: President Kuniwo Nakamura (1994–2000)
-
Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
- Governor General : Wiwa Korowi (1991–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Julius Chan ( 1980–1982 , 1994–1997)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
-
Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
- Governor General : Moses Pitakaka (1994–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Solomon Mamaloni ( 1981–1984, 1989–1993 , 1994–1997)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
-
Tonga
- Head of State: King Taufaʻahau Tupou IV. (1970-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Baron Vaea (1991-2000)
-
Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
- Governor General : Tulaga Manuella (1994–1998)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Kamuta Latasi (1993–24 December 1996)
- Prime Minister Bikenibeu Paeniu ( 1989–1993 , December 24, 1996–1999)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
-
Vanuatu
- Head of State: President Jean-Marie Manatawai (1994–1999)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Serge Vohor (1995–23 February 1996, 1996–1998, 2004, 2011 )
- Prime Minister Maxime Carlot Korman ( 1991–1995 , February 23, 1996– September 30, 1996)
- Prime Minister Serge Vohor ( 1995–1996 , September 30, 1996–1998, 2004, 2011 )
-
Western Samoa (today Samoa )
- Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tanumafili II. (1962-2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tofilau Eti Alesana ( 1982–1985 , 1988–1998)
Europe
-
Albania
- Head of State: President Sali Berisha (1992–1997) (2005–2013 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Aleksandër Meksi (1992–1997)
-
Andorra
-
Co-princes :
- President of France : Jacques Chirac (1995-2007)
- Bishop of Urgell : Joan Martí Alanís (1971-2003)
- Head of Government: District President Marc Forné Molné (1994-2005)
-
Co-princes :
-
Belgium
- Head of State: King Albert II (1993-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-Luc Dehaene (1992–1999)
-
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State: President : Alija Izetbegović (1992–1998, 2000 ) (from October 5, 1996 Chairman of the State Presidium)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Haris Silajdžić (1993–30 January 1996, 1997–2000 )
- Prime Minister Hasan Muratović (January 30, 1996–1997)
-
Bulgaria
- Head of State: President Schelju Schelew (1990–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Schan Widenow (1995–1997)
-
Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (1993–2001)
-
Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
- Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsfrau Vibeke Larsen (1995–2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edmund Joensen (1994–1998)
-
Greenland (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
- Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsmann Gunnar Martens (1995–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lars-Emil Johansen (1991–1997)
-
Germany
- Head of State: Federal President Roman Herzog (1994–1999)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl (1982–1998)
-
Estonia
- Head of State: President Lennart Meri (1992–2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tiit Vähi ( 1992 , 1995–1997)
-
Finland
- Head of State: President Martti Ahtisaari (1994–2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen (1995-2003)
-
France
- Head of State: President Jacques Chirac (1995–2007) (1974–1976, Prime Minister 1986–1988)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Alain Juppé (1995–1997)
-
Greece
- Head of State: President Konstantinos Stefanopoulos (1995-2005)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou ( 1981–1989 , 1993–22 January 1996)
- Prime Minister Konstantinos Simitis (January 22, 1996-2004)
-
Ireland
- Head of State: President Mary Robinson (1990–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Bruton (1994–1997)
-
Iceland
- Head of State:
- President Vigdís Finnbogadóttir (1980–31 July 1996)
- President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (August 1, 1996-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Davíð Oddsson (1991-2004)
- Head of State:
-
Italy
- Head of State: President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (1992–1999)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Lamberto Dini (1995–18 May 1996)
- Prime Minister Romano Prodi (May 18, 1996–1998, 2006–2008 )
-
Yugoslavia
- Head of State: President Zoran Lilić (1993–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Radoje Kontić (1993–1998)
-
Channel Islands
-
guernsey
- Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
- Lieutenant Governor: John Coward (1994–2000)
- Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
-
jersey
- Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
- Vice Governor: Michael Wilkes (1995–2000)
- Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
-
guernsey
-
Croatia
- Head of State: President Franjo Tuđman (1991–1999)
- Head of Government: District President Zlatko Mateša (1995–2000)
-
Latvia
- Head of State: President Guntis Ulmanis (1993–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andris Šķēle (1995–1997, 1999–2000 )
-
Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
- Head of Government : Mario Frick (1993-2001)
-
Lithuania
- Head of State: President Algirdas Brazauskas (1992–1998) (Prime Minister 2001–2006)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Adolfas Šleževičius (1993–15 February 1996)
- Prime Minister Laurynas Mindaugas Stankevičius (February 15, 1996– November 27, 1996)
- Prime Minister Gediminas Vagnorius ( 1991–1992 , November 27, 1996–1999)
-
Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Jean (1964–2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker (1995-2013)
-
Malta
- Head of State: President Ugo Mifsud Bonniċi (1994–1999)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Edward Fenech Adami (1987–28 October 1996, 1998–2004 ) (2004–2009 President)
- Prime Minister Alfred Sant (October 28, 1996–1998)
-
Isle of Man
- Head of State: Lord of Man Elizabeth II (since 1952)
- Lieutenant Governor : Timothy Daunt (1995–2000)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Miles Walker (1986–3 December 1996)
- Prime Minister Donald Gelling (December 3, 1996-2001, 2004-2006 )
- Head of State: Lord of Man Elizabeth II (since 1952)
-
Macedonia
- Head of State: President Kiro Gligorov (1991–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Branko Crvenkovski (1992–1998, 2002–2004 ) (2004–2009 President)
-
Moldova
- Head of State: President Mircea Ion Snegur (1991–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrei Sangheli (1992–1997)
-
Transnistria (not internationally recognized)
- President: Igor Smirnov (1991–2011)
-
Monaco
- Head of State: Prince : Rainier III. (1949-2005)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Paul Dijoud (1994–1997)
-
Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Beatrix (1980-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Wim Kok (1994–2002)
-
Norway
- Head of State: King Harald V (since 1991)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland ( 1981, 1986–1989 , 1990–25 October 1996)
- Prime Minister Thorbjørn Jagland (October 25, 1996–1997)
-
Austria
- Head of State: Federal President Thomas Klestil (1992-2004)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Franz Vranitzky (1986–1997)
-
Poland
- Head of State: President Aleksander Kwaśniewski (1995-2005)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Józef Oleksy (1995–7 February 1996)
- Prime Minister Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz (February 7, 1996–1997)
-
Portugal
- Head of State:
- President Mário Soares (1986–9 March 1996) (1976–1978, Prime Minister 1983–1985)
- President Jorge Sampaio (March 9, 1996–2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister António Guterres (1995-2002)
- Head of State:
-
Romania
- Head of State:
- President Ion Iliescu (1989–29 November 1996, 2000–2004 )
- President Emil Constantinescu (November 29, 1996–2000)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Nicolae Văcăroiu (1992–12 December 1996)
- Prime Minister Victor Ciorbea (December 12, 1996–1998)
- Head of State:
-
Russia
- Head of State: President Boris Yeltsin (1991–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Viktor Tschernomyrdin (1992–1998)
-
San Marino
- Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
- Piero Natalino Mularoni (October 1, 1995– April 1, 1996) and Marino Venturini ( 1976, 1982, 1986 , October 1, 1995– April 1, 1996)
- Pier Paolo Gasperoni ( 1985–1986 , April 1, 1996– October 1, 1996) and Pietro Bugli (April 1, 1996– October 1, 1996)
- Maurizio Rattini (October 1, 1996– April 1, 1997) and Gian Carlo Venturini (October 1, 1996– April 1, 1997)
- Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
-
Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson ( 1986–1991 , 1994–21 March 1996)
- Prime Minister Göran Persson (March 21, 1996-2006)
-
Switzerland
- Federal President : Jean-Pascal Delamuraz ( 1989 , 1996)
-
Federal Council :
- Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1984-1998)
- Flavio Cotti (1987-1999)
- Arnold Koller (1987-1999)
- Adolf Ogi (1988-2000)
- Kaspar Villiger (1989-2003)
- Ruth Dreifuss (1993-2002)
- Moritz Leuenberger (1995-2010)
-
Slovakia
- Head of State: President Michal Kováč (1993–1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Vladimír Mečiar ( 1993–1994 , 1994–1998)
-
Slovenia
- Head of State: President Milan Kučan (1991–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Janez Drnovšek (1992–2000, 2000–2002 ) (2002–2007 President)
-
Spain
- Head of State: King Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Felipe González (1982–5 May 1996)
- Prime Minister José María Aznar (May 5, 1996-2004)
-
Czech Republic
- Head of State: President Václav Havel (1993-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Václav Klaus (1993–1997) (2003–2013 President)
-
Ukraine
- Head of State: President Leonid Kuchma (1994–2005) (Prime Minister 1992–1993)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Jewhen Martschuk (1995–28 May 1996)
- Prime Minister Pavlo Lasarenko (May 28, 1996–1997)
-
Hungary
- Head of State: President Árpád Göncz (1990–2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Gyula Horn (1994–1998)
-
Vatican city
- Head of State: Pope John Paul II (1978-2005)
- Head of Government:
- Cardinal State Secretary Angelo Sodano (1990-2006)
- President of the Governorate Rosalio Lara (1990–1997)
-
United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Major (1990–1997)
-
Belarus
- Head of State: President Aljaksandr Lukashenka (since 1994)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Mikhail Tschyhir (1994–18 November 1996)
- Prime Minister Sjarhej Linh (November 18, 1996–2000) (provisional until February 19, 1997)
-
Republic of Cyprus
- Head of State and Government: President Glafkos Klerides (1993-2003)
-
Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)
- Head of State: President Rauf Denktaş (1983-2005)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Hakkı Atun (1994–16 August 1996)
- Prime Minister Derviş Eroğlu ( 1985–1994 , August 16, 1996–2004, 2009–2010 ) (2010–2015 President)