President of the Philippines


President of the Philippines


Seal of the President


Standard of the President


Acting President Rodrigo Duterte since June 30, 2016

Official seat	Malacañang Palace in Manila
Term of office	6 years (no re-election possible)
Last choice	May 9, 2016
Deputy	Vice President

website	www.president.gov.ph

The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines . The Filipino name for the President of the Philippines is Ang Pangulo or Pangulo .

The President of the Philippines is also the embodiment of the executive branch in the country.

requirement

According to the constitution of the Philippines (Constitution of the Philippines) by 1987 must be a presidential candidate to be selected to meet the following requirements:

He must be at least 40 years of age, be on the electoral roll, be able to read and write, be a citizen born in the Philippines, and have had his primary residence in the Philippines for ten years.

choice

The president is elected by majority vote by the duly registered voters of the Philippines. The election takes place on the second Monday in May.

In the event that two or more candidates receive an equal number of votes, the Congress of the Philippines has to determine the new incumbent in a separate election by a majority of its votes.

In the event of an objection, the Supreme Court of the Philippines has sole judgment. This is in an extraordinary session with the participation of all judges on each disputed point concerning this election, on all results and on the qualification of the presidential candidate.

Term of office

The President holds office for six years. The term of office begins around noon on the thirtieth day of June, which follows the day of the election decision. It must end around noon on the same date in the sixth following year. One can no longer stand for re-election unless he / she wins the presidency again through a successor in office. In this case, you may not occupy it for more than four years.

oath

Before the newly elected President begins his / her official business, he / she has to take the following oath or assurance:

"I swear (or affirm ) solemnly that I fulfill my duties as president (or vice president or acting president) of the Philippines faithfully and conscientiously and preserve the constitution and protect, up out the laws and each is justified, and myself at the service of the nation will ask.
So help me God. ” In the case of insurance , the last sentence is omitted.

Powers

The president is the head of the executive arm of the government, which includes both the cabinet and all executive functions. The executive power as such is solely in the hands of the President.

The President is also the Supreme Commander (Commander-in-Chief) of the army and all the Armed Forces of the Philippines . As the highest leader of the army, the president has the authority to activate parts of the armed forces to secure or suppress anarchist acts of violence, an invasion or a rebellion. In the event of an invasion or rebellion, he / she is empowered, if public safety requires it, to suspend the privilege of habeas corpus for a period not exceeding 60 days and to place the Philippines or any part of the country under martial law .

After a judgment of the last legal instance, the President is authorized to approve deadlines, to reduce punishment, to grant pardons, and to reduce fees and compensation, unless the President is himself charged with impeachment.

The President may continue to borrow and grant foreign loans on behalf of the Republic of the Philippines and with the prior approval of the Monetary Bank within the legal limits.

The President has general supervision over all municipal administrative units.

The President is also empowered to appoint members of the Constitutional Commission, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, with the approval of the Commission on Appointments. He may continue to officers of the armed forces from the rank of colonel ( Colonel Insert) or Marine captain upwards, as well as any other officer, for the appointment of the President according to the Constitution of 1987 is capable.

The members of the Supreme Court are also appointed by the President. The basis for such an appointment is a list compiled by the Judicial and Bar Council . The consent of the Commission on Appointments is not required for this appointment.

Official title

The official title of the President prescribed by the current constitution of the Philippines from 1987 is "President of the Philippines". The salutation for the President of the Philippines is "Your Excellency" (Your Excellency) or "His / Her Excellency" and was adopted from the title of Governor General of the Philippines during the Spanish and later American occupation.

The term "President of the Republic of the Philippines" is synonymous, but misleading in use, as it goes back to the time when President José P. Laurel in 1945 the difference between his government and the wanted to highlight the then Commonwealth (exile) government under President Manuel Quezon .

The re-establishment of the Commonwealth in 1945 and the subsequent independence of the Philippines ensured the reintroduction of the legally approved title of "President of the Philippines". This was true until President Ferdinand Marcos declared a state of emergency and once again wanted to highlight the differences between his government and those of his predecessors. At the determination of Marcos, the title "President of the Republic of the Philippines" was taken over again and notarized in the 1973 constitution of the Philippines . This constitution was replaced in 1987 by a new state order, which again fell back on the much more traditional designation "President of the Philippines".

Official residence

The Malacañang Palace

The Malacañan Palace, often referred to as the Malacañang Palace , is the official residence of the President of the Philippines. The palace is located on the north bank of the Pasig River in Manila . In the local Filipino language it is called Palasyo ng Malakanyang . He is referred to as Malacañang Palace when speaking of the official domicile of the President of the Philippines. The simplified form Malacañang is taken when referring to the office of the President, as well as when used in everyday language and in the media.

The Malacañang Palace is shown on the back of the currently valid 20 Peso note.

State of the Union speech

The State of the Nation (State of the Nation Address, abbreviated SONA ) is an annual event at which the President of the Republic of the Philippines gives a report on the status of the nation. This speech is usually scheduled to resume the joint meeting of Congress (House and Senate). This lecture is an obligation imposed on the President under Article VII, Section 23 of the Constitution of the Philippines (1987):

“The President has to address Congress at the opening of its regular meeting. He may appear before at any other time. "

The report is a good opportunity for the opposition parties to express their protests and objections to the government. In 2005 , President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's State of the Union address was accompanied by protests by tens of thousands of people, who loudly demanded their resignation.

Succession planning

At the beginning of the term of office

In the event that the presidential election is invalid or fails, the elected vice-president will assume office until a valid presidential election has taken place.

If the elected presidential candidate dies at the beginning of the president's term of office or is unable to serve on a long-term basis, the elected vice-president is to be installed in the office.

If no President or Vice-President emerges from a regular election or does not meet the requirements for office, the Senate President or, in the event of his unsuitability, the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall assume the office of President until a President or Vice-President has been elected and fulfills the requirements for his respective office.

During the tenure

In the event of the President's death or long-term absence, impeachment or resignation, the Vice President shall assume the presidency until the end of the current term of office. In the event of death or long-term failure, impeachment or resignation of both incumbents, the President and the Vice-President, the Senate President or, in the event of his unsuitability, the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall assume the office of President until a new one President or Vice President is elected and meets the requirements for office.

The succession of presidents, as specified in the state constitution of 1987, thus provides for the vice-president, the president of the Senate and the speaker of the House of Representatives.

Congress has, under the law, to determine who will assume the presidency in the event of death, long-term loss or resignation of the incumbent president. He has to take the office until a new President or Vice-President has been elected and meets the requirements for the office.

The current presidential succession sequence is as follows:

#	Surname	position
1	Leni Robredo	Vice President
2	Franklin Drilon	Senate President
3	Feliciano Belmonte	Speaker of the House of Representatives

Contrary to popular belief, the Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court does not belong to the line of successors.

history

2004 Philippines presidential election

Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the date ruled the Philippines . Between 1565 and 1898, the island state was administered by a royal governor of the Philippines ( Gobernador-General de Filipinas ), who acted as the representative of the actual head of the Philippines, the King of Spain .

In 1898, the government under Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence, and in 1899 he became the president of the first Philippine republic , which, however, was not recognized by many states. Nevertheless, he is considered the first president by the Filipino people.

Between 1899 and 1935, during the American occupation, a governor-general administered and commanded the island nation on behalf of the President of the United States .

During the time of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1935 to 1941, the American government installed a native president, who was only allowed to act under American sovereignty.

In 1941 the Japanese armed forces conquered the Philippines and the Japanese Empire established a government controlled by them, but also occupied by locals, in Manila. From today's perspective, however, the leadership of this era from 1941 to 1945, which was declared the Second Republic, is viewed as a puppet government of the Japanese occupying power.

While the Japanese set independence for the Philippines in 1941, July 4th, 1946, is the international day of independence.

Regardless of the differences between the counting in the constitution of the Philippines and that of the government, the presidential succession is continuous. The current incumbent Rodrigo Duterte is listed as the 16th President of the Philippines. Here, Emilio Aguinaldo designated as the first president of the island nation, although the period of the first Republic completely under his leadership in the supremacy of the United States after the end of the Philippine-American War falls. By contrast, the United States considers Manuel Quezon to be the first president and first incumbent to emerge from a democratic election.

Another peculiarity is the fact that the Philippines had two presidents during the Second World War who were the heads of two different governments at the same time. For one, Manuel Quezon was the leader of the Commonwealth government in exile who was considered ( de jure ), the other, ( de facto ), was J. P. Laurel, who headed the Japanese-backed government. Unlike Manuel Quezon, Laurel stayed in Manila.

Laurel's term was not recognized at all prior to President Diosdado Macapagal's reign . The recognition finally coincided with the moving of the Philippine Independence Day from July 4th to June 12th.

It should be borne in mind, however, that it would be incorrect to consider Laurel to succeed Osmeña or vice versa in the presidential succession. Laurel's Republic was no longer recognized after the end of World War II and no statutes or actions taken by him were considered legal or binding. The inclusion of Laurel in the line of office of the Philippine Presidents also poses some problems in determining the course of office. While the terms of office of Quezon, Osmeña and Roxas followed each other without gaps, Laurel was the first and only President of the Second Republic, where he had no predecessor and no successor.

List of presidents

The colors provide information about the political party or coalition membership of each president at the time of election day or during the term of office.

Legend
	No party affiliation
	Nacionalista Party (Philippines)
	Liberal Party (Philippines)
	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan
	United Nationalists Democratic Organizations
	Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats
	Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino
	Partido Demokratiko Pilipino - Lakas ng Bayan

#		Taking office	End of office	Political party	Vice President	Term of office	Official era
1	Emilio Aguinaldo	January 23, 1899	April 1, 1901	None (Magdalo faction of the Katipunan )	None (The 1899 Constitution did not provide for a Vice President)	-	First dictatorship
1	Emilio Aguinaldo	January 23, 1899	April 1, 1901	None (Magdalo faction of the Katipunan )		-	First republic
Non-existent Period of leadership by the Governors of the Philippine Islands from April 1, 1901 to November 15, 1935 .
2	Manuel Quezon	November 15, 1935	August 1, 1944	Nacionalista Party	Sergio Osmeña	1	Commonwealth
2	Manuel Quezon	November 15, 1935	August 1, 1944	Nacionalista Party	Sergio Osmeña	2	Commonwealth
3	José P. Laurel	October 14, 1943	August 14, 1945	Kalibapi (government administered under Japanese occupation)	None (The 1943 Constitution did not provide for a Vice President)	-	Second World War
4th	Sergio Osmeña	August 1, 1944	May 28, 1946	Nacionalista Party	Vacant	2	Commonwealth (Restored)
5	Manuel Roxas	May 28, 1946	April 15, 1948	Liberal party	Elpidio Quirino	3	Commonwealth (Restored)
5	Manuel Roxas	May 28, 1946	April 15, 1948	Liberal party	Elpidio Quirino		Third Republic
6th	Elpidio Quirino	April 17, 1948	December 30, 1953	Liberal party	Vacant
6th	Elpidio Quirino	April 17, 1948	December 30, 1953	Liberal party	Fernando López	4th
7th	Ramon Magsaysay	December 30, 1953	March 17, 1957	Nacionalista Party	Carlos P. Garcia	5
8th	Carlos P. Garcia	March 18, 1957	December 30, 1961		Vacant	5
8th	Carlos P. Garcia	March 18, 1957	December 30, 1961		Diosdado Macapagal	6th
9	Diosdado Macapagal	December 30, 1961	December 30, 1965	Liberal party	Emmanuel Pelaez	7th
10	Ferdinand Marcos	December 30, 1965	February 25, 1986	Nacionalista Party	Fernando López	8th
				Nacionalista Party	Fernando López	9
				Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	Vacant	10	Second dictatorship "The New Society"
					Vacant	11	Fourth republic
					Arturo Tolentino	12
11	Corazon Aquino	February 25, 1986	June 30, 1992	United Nationalists Democratic Organizations	Salvador Laurel
11	Corazon Aquino	February 25, 1986	June 30, 1992	United Nationalists Democratic Organizations	Salvador Laurel		Fifth Republic
12	Fidel Ramos	June 30, 1992	June 30, 1998	Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats	Joseph Estrada	13
13	Joseph Estrada	June 30, 1998	January 20, 2001	Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino (Partido ng Masang Pilipino coalition leadership)	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo	14th
14th	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo	January 20, 2001	June 30, 2010	Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats	Unoccupied Teofisto Guingona	14th
14th	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo	January 20, 2001	June 30, 2010	Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan (Lakas-CMD coalition leadership )	Noli de Castro	15th
15th	Benigno Aquino III.	June 30, 2010	June 30, 2016	Liberal party	Jejomar Binay	16
16	Rodrigo Duterte	June 30, 2016	officiating	Partido Demokratiko Pilipino - Lakas ng Bayan	Leni Robredo	17th

statistics

Vice-Presidents who reached the presidency:
1. Sergio Osmeña (1944)
2. Elpidio Quirino (1948)
3. Carlos P. Garcia (1957)
4. Joseph Ejercito Estrada (1998)
5. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001)

Presidents who were re-elected:
1. Manuel Quezon (1941)
2. Ferdinand Marcos (1969, 1981, 1986)

Presidents elected during a current term of office of their predecessor:
1. Elpidio Quirino (1949)
2. Carlos P. Garcia (1957)
3. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001)

The longest ruling president: Ferdinand Marcos (5,259 days)
Shortest ruling president: Jose P. Laurel (479 days)

Web links

Commons : President of the Philippines - Collection of Pictures, Videos, and Audio Files

Remarks

↑ The term of office ended when Aguinaldo pledged his loyalty to the United States after his capture in Palanan (Isabela) .

^ Died of tuberculosis in Saranac Lake, New York.

↑ The term of office ended with the dissolution of the Philippine Republic as a result of the Japanese surrender to the American armed forces in World War II .

↑ Originally part of the Nacionalista, but elected by the National Assembly under Japanese control. All parties were intertwined under Japanese domination to form the Kalibapi, to which every official belonged.

↑ Died of a heart attack at Clark Air Base .

↑ Died in a plane crash on Mount Manunggal in Cebu Province

↑ Dismissed after the EDSA revolution of 1986.

↑ Assumption of the presidency by claiming victory in the controversial blitz election of 1986.

↑ Removal after the Supreme Court of the Philippines declared Estrada's resignation and declared the presidency vacant as a result of the EDSA revolution of 2001.

[1] The term of office ended when Aguinaldo pledged his loyalty to the United States after his capture in Palanan (Isabela) .

[2] Died of tuberculosis in Saranac Lake, New York.

[3] The term of office ended with the dissolution of the Philippine Republic as a result of the Japanese surrender to the American armed forces in World War II .

[4] Originally part of the Nacionalista, but elected by the National Assembly under Japanese control. All parties were intertwined under Japanese domination to form the Kalibapi, to which every official belonged.

[5] Died of a heart attack at Clark Air Base .

[6] Died in a plane crash on Mount Manunggal in Cebu Province

[7] Dismissed after the EDSA revolution of 1986.

[8] Assumption of the presidency by claiming victory in the controversial blitz election of 1986.

[9] Removal after the Supreme Court of the Philippines declared Estrada's resignation and declared the presidency vacant as a result of the EDSA revolution of 2001.