President (East Timor)
The President of the Republic ( Portuguese Presidente da República ) is the head of state of East Timor (Timor-Leste).
General
He is elected every five years and can only be re-elected once. All East Timorese who are at least 35 years old and in full possession of their powers can be elected.
The president has more symbolic powers but has a right of veto over legislation. The Council of State is at his side in an advisory capacity . The president awards the mandate to form a government and if the government fails, he can either re-award the mandate or dissolve parliament .
Francisco Xavier do Amaral 1975-1977
Francisco Xavier do Amaral became the first President of East Timor after independence from Portugal was proclaimed on November 28, 1975. He had to flee to the mountains after the Indonesian invasion on December 7th. In 1977 do Amaral was dismissed from FRETILIN because of differences of opinion about how to proceed against the Indonesian crew . In parallel to do Amaral, Arnaldo dos Reis Araújo acted from December 17, 1975 to July 17, 1976 as president of the provisional government set up by the Indonesian occupiers.
Nicolau dos Reis Lobato 1977–1978
In September 1977 the previous Prime Minister Nicolau dos Reis Lobato became nominally President of East Timor. He was injured in the leg by a bullet during the "encirclement" operation and arrested shortly afterwards by the Indonesians on December 31, 1978. Saying "my last bullet is my victory," Lobato shot himself before he could be captured. Other sources report that Lobato was killed by the Indonesian armed forces.
Xanana Gusmão 2002-2007
In the first presidential election after Indonesia's withdrawal on April 14, 2002, Xanana Gusmão prevailed against Francisco Xavier do Amaral, who ran for the Associação Social-Democrata de Timor ( ASDT ), with 82.7% of the vote. Gusmão, the former head of FRETILIN and the Conselho Nacional de Resistência Timorense CNRT , is revered as a popular hero. After the statehood of East Timor was achieved as a major goal, Gusmão actually wanted to withdraw from active politics, but then faced the many requests to continue to take a responsible position.
The President's civilian chief of staff (Chefe de Casa Civil) was Ágio Pereira .
| Presidential election in East Timor on April 14, 2002 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Candidate (party) | be right | in % |
| Xanana Gusmão ( independent ) | 301,634 | 82.69 |
| Francisco Xavier do Amaral ( ASDT ) | 63,146 | 17.31 |
| Total (participation: 86%) | 364.780 | 100 |
José Ramos-Horta 2007–2012
Xanana Gusmão did not want to stand for election in the presidential election on April 9, 2007 , but ran in the parliamentary elections on June 30, 2007 as a candidate for the office of Prime Minister. Eight candidates ran for his successor on April 9, 2007.
| First round of presidential elections in East Timor on April 9, 2007 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Candidate (party) | be right | in % |
| Francisco Lu-Olo Guterres ( FRETILIN ) | 112,666 | 27.89 |
| José Ramos-Horta ( independent ) | 88.102 | 21.81 |
| Fernando La Sama de Araújo ( PD ) | 77,459 | 19.18 |
| Francisco Xavier do Amaral ( ASDT ) | 58,125 | 14.39 |
| Lúcia Lobato ( PSD ) | 35,789 | 8.86 |
| Manuel Tilman ( KOTA ) | 16,534 | 4.09 |
| Avelino Coelho da Silva ( PST ) | 8,338 | 2.06 |
| João Carrascalão ( UDT ) | 6,928 | 1.72 |
| valid votes | 403.941 | 94.56 |
| Total (participation: 81.79%) | 427.712 | 100 |
- Receipt:
Since none of the candidates was able to collect more than 50% of the votes straight away, there was a runoff election on May 9 between the two candidates with the highest number of votes, Francisco Lu-Olo Guterres and José Ramos-Horta , the Ramos-Horta won with 69%. He was sworn in by Guterres, in his capacity as President of Parliament, on May 20, 2007 as the new President.
| Presidential election in East Timor on May 9, 2007 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Candidate (party) | be right | in % |
| José Ramos-Horta ( independent ) | 285,835 | 69.18 |
| Francisco Lu-Olo Guterres ( FRETILIN ) | 127,342 | 30.82 |
| valid votes | 413.177 | 97.34 |
| Total (participation: 81.00%) | 424.475 | 100 |
- Receipt:
The non-party José Ramos-Horta was initially foreign minister under the first Prime Minister Marí Alkatiri . When Alkatiri had to resign in 2006 due to the unrest in East Timor , Ramos-Horta took over his office and that of Defense Minister. He resigned from these offices a day before he was sworn in as president.
Until August 8, 2007, Ágio Pereira remained the President's Chief of Staff.
Ramos-Horta was seriously injured in an attack on February 11, 2008 . According to the constitution , the President of Parliament takes over the President's office in the event of illness. Since the President of Parliament Fernando de Araújo was in Portugal at the time , his representative Vicente da Silva Guterres took over the task until de Araújo returned a few days later. On April 16, 2008, Ramos-Horta returned to East Timor from receiving treatment for his injuries in Australia and took office again.
The President's Civilian Chief of Staff (Chefe de Casa Civil) was Gregório de Sousa and, from 2011, Colonel João Miranda was Chefe de Casa Militar .
Taur Matan Ruak 2012-2017
José Ramos-Horta was eliminated in the first round of the presidential election on March 17, 2012 .
| Presidential election in East Timor on March 17, 2012 | ||
|---|---|---|
| candidate | be right | in % |
| Manuel Tilman | 7,226 | 1.56 |
| Taur Matan Ruak | 119,462 | 25.71 |
| Francisco Guterres Lú-Olo | 133,635 | 28.76 |
| Francisco Xavier do Amaral |
before the ballot passed |
|
| Rogerio Lobato | 16,219 | 3.49 |
| María do Céu | 1,843 | 0.40 |
| Angelita Pires | 1,742 | 0.37 |
| José Ramos-Horta | 81,231 | 17.48 |
| Francisco Gomes | 3,531 | 0.76 |
| José Luís Guterres | 9,235 | 1.99 |
| Abílio Araújo | 6,294 | 1.35 |
| Lucas da Costa | 3,862 | 0.83 |
| Fernando La Sama de Araújo | 80.381 | 17.30 |
| Angela Freitas |
not eligible for election |
|
| valid votes | 464,661 | 100 |
| invalid votes | 18,788 | 3.83 |
| blank ballot papers | 6,484 | 1.32 |
| Total (participation: 78.20%) | 489.933 | |
Ramos-Horta's successor was chosen on April 16 between Taur Matan Ruak and Francisco Guterres . Taur Matan Ruak clearly won the election.
| Presidential election in East Timor on April 16, 2012 | ||||
|
District (preliminary final result) |
Taur Matan Ruak ( independent ) |
Francisco Guterres ( FRETILIN ) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aileu | 13,851 | 70.76% | 5,725 | 29.24% |
| Ainaro | 15,602 | 67.19% | 7,617 | 32.81% |
| Baucau | 25,701 | 47.93% | 27,917 | 52.07% |
| Bobonaro | 27,284 | 70.01% | 11,689 | 29.99% |
| Cova Lima | 15,755 | 62.58% | 9,421 | 37.42% |
| Dili | 56,377 | 65.79% | 29,316 | 34.21% |
| Ermera | 31,042 | 67.06% | 15,246 | 32.94% |
| Lautém | 13,555 | 50.40% | 13,340 | 49.60% |
| Liquiçá | 17,426 | 64.19% | 9,723 | 35.81% |
| Manatuto | 14,480 | 73.55% | 5,208 | 26.45% |
| Manufahi | 11,423 | 54.18% | 9,660 | 45.82% |
| Oe-Cusse Ambeno | 21,252 | 75.92% | 6,740 | 24.08% |
| Viqueque | 11,693 | 33.92% | 22,784 | 66.08% |
| East Timor (Official Final Score) |
275,471 | 61.23% | 174,408 | 38.77% |
| valid votes | 449,879 ( 98.08% ) | |||
| invalid votes | 6,801 (1.48%) | |||
| blank ballot papers | 2,023 (0.44%) | |||
| Votes cast | 458,703 ( turnout 73.12% ) | |||
Taur Matan Ruak's chief of staff was Fidelis Leite Magalhães from 2012 to 2015 . He was followed by Rui August Gomes . Taur Matan Ruak saw himself after the VI. East Timor’s constitutional government effectively gave an all-party coalition in the role of the controlling opposition. He vetoed the 2016 budget, which Parliament unanimously rejected. There was also dispute over the occupation of the post of military commander-in-chief, while Taur Matan Ruak accused senior government officials of corruption. However, the president was unable to assert his demands.
As he had promised, Taur Matan Ruak succeeded in being the first president to visit all 442 sucos in the country during his tenure, which earned him a lot of popularity.
Francisco Guterres since May 20, 2017
In the third attempt, Francisco Lú-Olo Guterres from FRETILIN won the 2017 presidential election in the first round. Incumbent Taur Matan Ruak was no longer running because he wants to run in the 2017 parliamentary elections. Guterres' inauguration took place on May 20, 2017 at midnight.
| Preliminary final result of the presidential election in East Timor on March 20, 2017 | ||
|---|---|---|
| candidate | be right | in % |
| Antonio Maher Lopes ( PST ) | 9,098 | 1.76 |
| Francisco Lu-Olo Guterres ( FRETILIN ) | 294,938 | 57.08 |
| Amorim Vieira ( independent ) | 4,279 | 0.83 |
| José Samala-Rua Neves ( independent ) | 11,662 | 2.26 |
| José Luís Lugu Guterres ( independent, FM chairman ) | 13,513 | 2.62 |
| Angela Freitas ( PT ) | 4,353 | 0.84 |
| Luís Mau-Hunu Alves Tilman ( independent ) | 11,124 | 2.15 |
| António Kalohan da Conceição ( PD ) | 167.760 | 32.47 |
| valid votes | 516,727 | 97.71 |
| invalid votes | 9,176 | 1.74 |
| blank ballot papers | 2,910 | 0.55 |
| Total (turnout: 71.16%) | 528.813 | |
The President's civilian chief of staff (Chefe de Casa Civil) is Francisco Maria de Vasconcelos , succeeding interim chief Ana Pessoa Pinto . Chefe de Casa Militar is Colonel António Soares da Silva ("Mau Kalo").
Guterres initially had to deal with the 7th constitutional government of East Timor and a minority government led by his FRETILIN. Although she was unable to assert herself with her program or the budget in parliament, Guterres refused the opposition alliance , which held the majority of the seats, the mandate to form a government. Instead, he ordered new elections. The omission of the parliamentary majority by President Guterres was rated by commentators and political scientists as an "attack on democracy". He and Prime Minister Alkatiri were accused of “stubbornness” and “arrogance”.
The previous opposition alliance again won an absolute majority in parliament in the parliamentary elections in East Timor in 2018 and is now the new government . However, President Guterres denied several proposed candidates the appointment of government members because of “ethical deficits.” In return, the parliamentary majority denied Guterres permission to make state visits and other business trips abroad until the dispute is resolved. Chief of Staff Vasconcelos represents Guterres on foreign appointments.
See also
Web links
- Homepage of the President of East Timor
- Official Facebook account of the President
- Law on the election of the President ( PDF file; 193 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Law on the Election of the President ( English ) (PDF file, 193 kB)
- ^ Rui Graça Feijó: Timor-Leste: is Díli on (Political) Fire Again? , Presidental Power, December 11, 2017 , accessed December 11, 2017.
- ↑ Psephos Adam Carr's Election Archive
- ↑ a b Lusa: Decisão do CNRT implica saída de Agio Pereira, veterano da governação em Timor-Leste , 23 May 2020 , accessed on 24 May 2020.
- ^ April 18, 2007, Two set to square off for presidency
- ^ Adelaide now, April 19, 2007, Losing candidates appeal election results
- ↑ East Timor Legal Information Site ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ National Electoral Commission: Official final result (Tetum) ( Memento from June 21, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 22 kB)
- ↑ Jornal da República: Decreto do Presidente da República nº 50/2012 de 19 de Maio , accessed on April 29, 2020.
- ↑ Presidential Decree 17/2018 of May 30, 2018.
- ↑ CNE: Rezultadu definitivo primeira eleisaun presidencial , March 26, 2012 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ STAE: Rezultadu Provisorio Total Huosi 13 Distritu . Archived from the original on January 13, 2013 ; accessed on January 4, 2016 .
- ↑ CNE: Rezultadu definitivo segunda volta eleizaun presidencial ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Tatoli: KSDS Hahu Diskute Seguransa Nasional , accessed on May 28, 2018.
- ↑ Jornál da República: DECRETO DO PRESIDENTE DA REPÚBLICA N.º 46/2017 & DECRETO DO PRESIDENTE DA REPÚBLICA N.º 47/2017 , May 24, 2017 , accessed on November 11, 2018.
- ↑ The President's Facebook page: PRESS RELEASE - FRANCISCO MARIA DE VASCONCELOS PARTICIPATES IN UNGA HIGH-LEVEL MEETING AS THE PR'S SPECIAL ENVOY , April 7, 2019 , accessed on April 8, 2019.
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Francisco Xavier do Amaral (1975-1977) | Nicolau dos Reis Lobato (1977–1978) | Xanana Gusmão (2002–2007) | José Ramos-Horta (2007–2012) | Taur Matan Ruak (2012-2017) | Francisco Guterres (since 2017)