Parliamentary elections in East Timor 2007

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Button with a call to vote

In the parliamentary elections in East Timor 2007 on June 30, 2007, the new composition of the National Parliament of East Timor (Parlamento Nacional de Timor-Leste) was determined by the people of the country. 529,198 voters were entitled to vote, 708 polling stations were ready.

In the new parliament there were 65 members for the next five years. The strongest party was again FRETILIN, but only with 21 members. The government provided the Aliança da Maioria Parlamentar AMP (Alliance of the Parliamentary Majority) , a coalition of CNRT , PD and ASDT / PSD , which held 37 seats. The new Prime Minister was the Chairman of the CNRT and former President of East Timor, Xanana Gusmão . This was preceded by a dispute as to which party, according to the constitution, had the right to receive the mandate to form a government from President José Ramos-Horta .

Situation of the country before the elections

Marí Bin Amude Alkatiri (FRETILIN)

East Timor was the poorest country in Asia at the time of the parliamentary elections. 41% of the population lived below the poverty line, which the United Nations set at $ 0.55 a day. In 2006, East Timor was ranked 142nd on the Human Development Index . The rich oil and gas reserves south of Timor are still about to be exploited. A contract was signed with Australia on the distribution of the deposits.

At least 37 people died in the 2006 riots when nearly half of the army mutinied and skirmishes between the mutineers and the police . In addition there were looting, arson and fighting between youth gangs , ethnic conflicts broke out. Prime Minister Marí Bin Amude Alkatiri from FRETILIN was finally forced to resign. 100,000 people, 10% of the population, still live in refugee camps. An international reaction force under the leadership of Australia ensured peace and order again, and a new UN police mission ( UNMIT ) was sent to East Timor to secure the 2007 elections. Nevertheless, clashes between the youth gangs and arson attacks occur again and again. In addition, the 2007 crop yields fell due to drought, vermin and plant diseases. It is estimated that East Timor will have to import 86,000 tons of food to make up for the losses, 15,000 tons of which will have to be raised through international food aid. One fifth of the population is dependent on this food aid.

One of the mutinous soldiers, Alfredo Reinado , broke with several companions from a prison in which they were held for illegally possessing weapons. In early March, the fugitives were surrounded by the Australian army in Same . Four rebels died when they stormed the city, the others escaped. It was feared that this would pose a threat to the peaceful course of the elections.

On May 9, 2007, the non-party José Ramos-Horta prevailed against the FRETILIN candidate Francisco Lu-Olo Guterres in the runoff election for the presidential election . Ramos-Horta was previously Prime Minister and is a close political friend of previous President Xanana Gusmão.

The old parliament was elected during the UN administration in 2001 . The FRETILIN won 55 seats. The parliament had 88 seats, as it was East Timor’s first own parliament and, as an exception, was supposed to hold office for six years.

The parties and the top candidates

Favored in the election were the newly founded CNRT party under the former President Xanana Gusmão and the previously dominant ruling party FRETILIN headed by the President of Parliament Francisco Lu-Olo Guterres and former Prime Minister Marí Alkatiri. The previous interim Prime Minister Estanislau da Silva was 9th on the FRETILIN list. Two other party lists were also assigned good chances of entering the new parliament: The Partido Democrático PD under its chairman Fernando La Sama de Araújo and the coalition of Associação Social-Democrata de Timor ASDT and Partido Social Democrata PSD with the top candidates Mário Viegas Carrascalão (Chairman of PSD) and Francisco Xavier do Amaral (ASDT Chairman).

The parties were listed on the ballot paper by the CNE National Electoral Commission in the following order:

Sample voting slip for parliamentary elections
Political party political Direction Share of votes 2001 election District
MPs (voting share) 		Total seats
União Nacional Democrática de Resistência Timorense UNDERTIM - - -
Congresso Nacional da Reconstrução Timorense CNRT conservative - - -
Partidu Republikanu PR Middle, social democratic - - -
Partido Democrática Republica de Timor PDRT - - -
Partido Democrata Cristão PDC Christian 1.98% 0 2
União Democrática Timorense UDT right conservative 2.36% 0 (2.30%) 2
Partido Democrático PD Middle right 8.72% 0 (5.88%) 7th
Partido Milénio Democrático PMD - - -
Partido Socialista de Timor PST Marxist-Leninist 1.78% 0 1
Coligação ASDT / PSD from Associação Social-Democrata de Timor ASDT and Partido Social Democrata PSD conservative 7.84% / 8.18% 0 (10.73%) /
0 (4.76%)		 6/6
Aliança Democrática from Klibur Oan Timor Asuwain KOTA and Partido do Povo de Timor PPT conservative 2.13% / 2.01% 0/0 2/2
Frente Revolucionária do Timor-Leste Independente FRETILIN Left 57.37% 12 (66.05%) 55
Partido Nasionalista Timorense PNT nationalist 2.21% 0 2
Partido Unidade Nacional PUN Middle, Christian Democratic - - -

The following parties no longer competed:

Political party political Direction Share of votes 2001 election District
MPs (voting share) 		Total seats
Partai Democracy Marine PDM right 0.49% 0 0
Partai Liberal PL liberal, right 1.10% 0 1
Partido Democrata-Cristão de Timor UDC / PDC merged with PDC conservative 0.66% 0 1
Associação Popular Democrática Timorense APODETI populist 0.60% 0 0
Partido Trabalhista PT democratic, socialist 0.56% 0 0
Partido Republika Nacional Timor Leste PARENTILE conservative 0 0 0

Principles

Logo of the National Electoral Commission CNE

East Timorese were eligible to vote from the age of 17. The electoral system is based on a proportional representation of the parties according to their share of the national vote. Parliament can have between 52 and 65 members. Only registered parties and electoral alliances were allowed to put up lists of candidates, but people on the list did not have to belong to the party, which meant that independent candidates could also enter parliament. Under a new regulation, at least a quarter of all people on any list had to be women. Without this quota, 22 of the 88 MPs in the previous parliament were female. A total of 90 people had to be on a party list, the last 25 candidates were substitutes for MPs who might leave.

Another new feature was a three percent hurdle, so that for the first time parties with a lower share of the vote could not move into parliament. Under these circumstances, only four out of twelve parties would have been in parliament in the previous parliament. The D'Hondt method was used to determine the distribution of seats . The directly elected representatives of the 13 districts of East Timor were no longer elected . FRETILIN has held twelve of these seats so far, the 13th district representative was an independent candidate. The election campaign ran for 30 days, after which there was two days of rest before election day. In the new parliament, MPs are no longer allowed to change parties. If they want this, they have to give their mandate back and it will be filled with a replacement from the party list.

Before the start of the election campaign, representatives of the participating parties signed a code of conduct in which they committed themselves to a fair, non-violent and democratic election campaign.

Course of the election campaign

Information poster for the 2007 parliamentary election

For the most part, the parties limited themselves to a personal election campaign. They built it primarily on their top candidates and the opposition parties on the criticism of the previous ruling party FRETILIN. The PST alone offered an ideologically developed program.

The start of the election campaign was overshadowed by a number of violent clashes. In Dili, a man was killed when a hand grenade exploded during gang fighting. Three others were injured. In Baucau , FRETILIN and CNRT supporters fought each other, and in the east of Viqueque district supporters of a smaller party were beaten up while holding an election rally.

Xanana Gusmão attacked an election campaign rally in Viqueque on June 3 . According to UNMIT, the five attackers were decommissioned plainclothes police officers. 35-year-old CNRT member Alfonso "Kuda Lay" Guterres was hit three times by bullets and died. UN security forces dispersed the crowd with tear gas and warning shots. Gusmão was not injured, and according to UNMIT, he was probably not the target of the attack. When Guterres' body was brought to his hometown of Ossu in the evening , the 24-year-old CNRT member Domingus was shot and a 16-year-old was injured. According to President José Ramos-Horta, police officers were also the perpetrators here. The reasons for the attacks were not disclosed. The International Stabilization Force (ISF) relocated a unit to Viqueque, and the UN increased its security efforts for the election campaign. In October 2008 the Baucau District Court sentenced police officer Luis da Silva to six years in prison for the killing of Guterres.

On June 27, the election campaign ended with a few violent incidents: FRETILIN accused CNRT members of throwing stones at one of their convoys. Near Manatuto , police used tear gas against roadblocks. In Dili there were clashes between supporters of the various parties.

Overall, the United Nations calls the election campaign peaceful. Atul Khare , the head of UNMIT, reported violent incidents in only four of the more than 150 election campaign events. For the period May 28 to June 12, the Election Violence Education and Resolution (EVER) program counted 34 cases of election-related violence, half of them in the first week of the campaign. Most of the incidents took place in Baucau , four to five each in Oe-Cusse Ambeno , Ermera , Viqueque and Bobonaro . There were no incidents in four of the 13 districts.

STAE logo

One week before the election, the ballot papers reached East Timor on a charter plane accompanied by representatives from the CNE and the electoral authority STAE (Secreteriado Técnico de Administração Eleitoral) . 652,000 pieces were produced in a printing plant in Surabaya , Indonesia . Indonesian authorities monitored the production of the ballot papers. Before the ballot papers were sent out, they were packaged by officials from STAE and UNMIT for forwarding to the districts. The slips of paper are numbered with a serial number on a tear-off sheet so that the distribution can be better monitored. The reason for this was the irregularities during the presidential elections in the same year.

Pedro da Costa of the PST criticized some parties for giving voters money. That harms democracy. The diocese of Dili also called for all Christians to vote for the PUN.

Election day and counting

705 of the 708 polling stations opened before 7:30 a.m. Mobile polling stations were used in hospitals and prisons. Due to the topography of the country, the ballot papers and ballot boxes were partly transported by helicopter, horse or on foot, which was hampered by late monsoon rains . At times even the district capital of Suai was cut off from the outside world. Three restaurants in the Viqueque district opened late, as the election documents could not be delivered by helicopter until the morning due to the bad weather the day before. As usual, most Timorese gave their votes early in the morning. Sometimes queues had already formed in front of the polling stations before they opened. Voters were checked against their ID cards and were marked in ink on their fingers after voting . The CNE noted some problems: some ballot paper tear-offs had been torn off incorrectly, others had missing or stained serial numbers, some minors tried to vote, and some polling stations had party promotional material. According to the CNE, these issues have been addressed by the election workers and teams of the CNE and the STAE. 4000 helpers were ready to count.

In Balibo, the STAE found eight ballot papers that were already perforated before they were issued; in Metinaro , a voter discovered several already marked voting papers. In Ainaro , a man tried to vote with his father's identity card after he had cast his own vote.

According to the STAE, the ballot was largely peaceful, with a few minor incidents: At a polling station in Ossu, voting had to be interrupted until the police put order again and extended the opening hours of the pub. A man was arrested in Ermera who appeared at the polling station armed with arrows. 426,190 voters cast their votes. After the voting was over, the ballot boxes were partly brought to the 13 counting centers in the district capitals by helicopter. In Dili the counting was delayed because the FRETILIN wanted ten instead of one admitted observer per party to be present during the counting. The CNE finally admitted these ten observers per party, contrary to the previous regulation.

On July 5, 2007 the official final result was published:

Final result of the 2007 general election
Profits and Losses of the Parties
Distribution of seats in the national parliament after the 2007 election
Official final result and allocation of seats
Political party be right Share of votes Gains / losses Seats
UNDERTIM 013,247 003.19% 0+ 3.19% 2
CNRT 100.175 024.10% + 24.10% 18th
PR 004,408 001.06% 0+1.06% 0
PDRT 007,718 001.86% 0+1.86% 0
PDC 004,300 001.03% 0−0.95% 0
UDT 003,753 000.90% 0−1.46% 0
PD 046,946 011.30% 0+ 2.58% 8th
PMD 002,878 000.69% 0+ 0.69% 0
PST 003,982 000.96% 0−0.82% 0
Coligação ASDT / PSD 065,358 015.73% 0−0.29% 11
Aliança Democrática KOTA / PPT 013,294 003.20% 0−0.94% 2
FRETILIN 120,592 029.02% −28.35% 21st
PNT 010,057 002.42% 0+ 0.21% 0
PUN 018,896 004.55% 0+ 4.55% 3
valid votes 415,604 100.00% - -
invalid and empty votes 010,606 002.49% - -
Total (voter turnout: 80.5%) 426.210 - - 65
Result of the vote count by district

According to the official final result, FRETILIN was at the top with 29.02% and 21 seats, followed by the CNRT with 24.10% and 18 seats. The following also moved into parliament: UNDERTIM (3.19%, 2 seats), PD (11.30%, 8 seats), Coligação ASDT / PSD (15.73%, 11 seats), Aliança Democrática KOTA-PPT (3rd , 20%, 2 seats) and PUN (4.55%, 3 seats). Among the 65 elected MPs were 18 women (22 of 88 in the old parliament): five for FRETILIN, six for CNRT, four for C-ASDT-PSD, two for PD and one for PUN.

Strongest party in each district

The results in the individual districts revealed a clear division in the country. If FRETILIN dominated in the east of the country ( Loro Sae ) , the various opposition parties in the west ( Loro Munu ) could score. FRETILIN was by far the strongest party in Baucau with 62.44%, in Viqueque with 59.84% and in Lautém with 45.53%. In western Cova Lima it was indeed the strongest party with 28.58%, but not nearly as clearly ahead of the others. The CNRT had its greatest popularity in the district of the state capital Dili with 45.23%, but was also the strongest force in the western districts of Liquiçá (38.96%), Oecussi-Ambeno (34.68%) and Bobonaro (20.56%) ). In Manatuto , the westernmost of the eastern districts, the CNRT was also able to collect the most votes (33.18%). The C-ASDT-PSD prevailed in the western highlands and became the strongest force in Aileu (47.30%), Ainaro (29.13%) and Manufahi (26.79%). The PD became the strongest party in western Ermera with 21.97%, but it also achieved 19.31% as the second strongest party in neighboring Bobonaro.

The final result of the count was officially confirmed on July 11th by the Tribunal de Recurso de Timor-Leste ( German  Court of Appeal of East Timor ). The 83 complaints about what happened during the election, 11 of which were against the law, had no impact on the outcome.

Government formation

Neither party was able to win the sole majority in parliament. Since the East Timorese Constitution does not make a clear stipulation in this case as to which party has the right to form a government, or which party has to receive a request from the President, a dispute arose over this.

Alkatiri initially announced coalition talks between FRETILIN and various groups and also spoke of the possibility of a minority government , but analysts expected a coalition government led by Xanana Gusmão and his CNRT, as most parties had ruled out a coalition with FRETILIN in advance. On July 6th, Gusmão, Fernando de Araujo and Mário Viegas Carrascalão finally announced the formation of the AMP from CNRT, Coligação ASDT-PSD and PD, which together won 51.13% and 37 of the 65 seats. Carrascalão said the name of the future prime minister was still being discussed. Thereupon Alkatiri announced the readiness of FRETILIN to form a government of national unity with the involvement of the CNRT. So far, FRETILIN had ruled out a coalition with the CNRT. Such a unity government also prefers President Ramos-Horta. In talks with those involved, he tries to persuade the parties to form a government made up of FRETILIN and CNRT.

Xanana Gusmao (CNRT)

On July 12, UNDERTIM announced that it wanted to support FRETILIN in forming a government, but without wanting to enter into a coalition with it. "UNDERTIM will retain its political independence", said UNDERTIM Secretary General Cristiano da Costa after a meeting with President José Ramos-Horta. UNDERTIM party leader Cornelio L7 Gama called on CNRT and FRETILIN to work together. PUN party leader Fernanda Borges , however, ruled out participation in government for her party: "We want to be an opposition party in the national parliament that focuses on justice and against nepotism, corruption and nepotism in the country."

Finally, on July 17th, it was announced that FRETILIN and the alliance had finally agreed on the formation of a government of national unity, but without agreeing on the distribution of government posts. But just two days later, Carrascalão declared that the PSD would not participate in a joint government with FRETILIN: "From my point of view, a unity government cannot work and if Xanana Gusmão wants to integrate FRETILIN, my party will leave the alliance." Carrascalão was considered a possible Prime Minister of an Alliance government at the time.

On July 24th, President Ramos-Horta announced the final failure of the coalition talks because the parties were unable to reach an agreement. A spokesman for the Gusmão coalition said that if FRETILIN were to form the government, the alliance would go into opposition. Here it could block any government decision and thereby force new elections.

The new parliament met for the first time on July 30th without a new government being appointed. The MPs elected the chairman of PD Fernando de Araújo as parliamentary president. He prevailed against the FRETILIN candidate Aniceto Guterres Lopes , the former chairman of the Reception, Truth and Reconciliation Commission CAVR , which investigated human rights violations in East Timor between April 1974 and October 1999 on behalf of the United Nations.

The next day, Ramos-Horta gave the parties a final deadline of August 3. If they have not reached an agreement by then, the president himself will designate a government according to the constitution. Even before the ultimatum expired, Alkatiri threatened that the FRETILIN members would boycott future parliamentary sessions if FRETILIN did not provide the prime minister. Mário Viegas Carrascalão rejected the request and stressed the Alliance's right to provide the Prime Minister: "The AMP cannot accept the formation of a government if it is not formed from the AMP itself." Carrascalão added that the Alliance is now Gusmão Want to nominate premier. According to the alliance, a boycott would have no effect on the functioning of parliament. Ramos-Horta finally announced that he would appoint Xanana Gusmão and his alliance to form a government. Nevertheless, the government is dependent on the cooperation with FRETILIN, since it holds power in the districts and municipalities. FRETILIN refused this path and instead called for an independent candidate as prime minister again.

Troubled areas and numbers of displaced persons, August 14, 2007

On August 6, 2007, Ramos-Horta gave Xanana Gusmão the mandate to form a government. The swearing-in of the new Prime Minister took place on August 8th. Shortly after Gusmão's appointment by Ramos-Horta, violent riots began by disappointed FRETILIN supporters in the districts of Dili, Baucau and Viqueque. 323 houses were burned down and several people were injured, including an Australian police officer. 4,000 to 6,000 people fled the unrest areas of Viqueque and Baucau. FRETILIN General Secretary Marí Alkatiri called Gusmão's commissioning illegal and not in conformity with the constitution. His party wants to go all legal ways against this decision and boycott any cooperation with this government. The head of UNMIT Atul Khare welcomed the decision to entrust Ramos-Hortas Gusmão with the formation of the government.

The National Parliament of East Timor in Dili

Surprisingly, Gusmão appointed José Luís Guterres as Deputy Prime Minister. Guterres is the leader of the FRETILIN Mudança (Reform-FRETILIN) , which tried to overthrow Alkatiri after the unrest in 2006 as general secretary of the party, but failed. The confrontation between FRETILIN Mudança and its own party escalated after the parliamentary elections. Alkatiri obtained a party expulsion process against members of the FRETILIN Mudança because they had asked voters to vote for Xanana Gusmão. The reformers did not comply with the request to leave FRETILIN voluntarily. Guterre's appointment is seen as an attempt to give the reformists in FRETILIN an opportunity to participate in government. A subsequent offer to FRETILIN politicians to participate in the cabinet was rejected by the party leadership. Another unusual appointment is that of PST General Secretary Avelino Coelho da Silva as State Secretary for Energy, although his party did not even make it over the three percent threshold.

On August 13, Marí Alkatiri finally announced that his party would accept its role as the opposition and would refrain from threatening a boycott. But he still refused to work with the government. Alkatiri called on the rioters to end the violence.

Six of the seven parties that failed to pass the three percent hurdle joined forces in mid-July to form the Liga Democrática Progressiva LDP as a political platform. Its spokesman, Hermenegildo Lopes of the PMD, said on August 10th that the LDP saw the government of the Alliance as legal and constitutional.

See also

Web links

General

Commons : Parliamentary Elections in East Timor 2007  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Organizations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ STAE press release, June 29, 2007, Timor Leste's Parliamentary Elections: One Day To Go
  2. ↑ Human Development Report 2006 ( Memento of October 13, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ For detailed sources, see Unrest in East Timor 2006 .
  4. ↑ Times, July 17, 2007, In East Timor, food shortages take hold ( April 1, 2008 memento in the Internet Archive )
  5. ^ Herald Sun, May 15, 2007, East Timor rebel offers to surrender
  6. ↑ List of the National Election Commission CNE on the parties on the 2007 ballot (PDF; 362 kB)
  7. ↑ European Union Election Observation Mission Timor-Leste 2007 ( Memento from May 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  8. ↑ Law 6/2006 LEI ELEITORAL PARA O PARLAMENTO NACIONAL (Portuguese) ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ↑ a b Max Lane, August 13, 2007, Reflections on East Timorese elections and politics ( Memento of August 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ Channel NewsAsia, June 1, 2007, Timor Leste leader vows action after violence
  11. ^ Al Jazeera: East Timor's ex-president attacked, June 4, 2007
  12. ↑ The star, June 4, 2007, Manhunt launched after political slaying in East Timor  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / thestar.com.my  
  13. ↑ ABC news, June 4, 2007, Gunmen kill activist at East Timor campaign rally
  14. ↑ Channel NewsAsia, June 4, 2007, Timor Leste president accuses police over shootings
  15. ^ Scoop, June 7, 2007, Timor-Leste: UN Bolsters Security After Shootings
  16. ↑ [US: Department of State, March 11, 2010, 2009 Human Rights Reports: Timor-Leste]
  17. ↑ BBC, June 27, 2007, Campaigns end ahead of Timor poll
  18. ↑ Reuters, June 27, 2007, East Timor election campaign ends with violence
  19. ^ Daily Telegraph, June 28, 2007, Tear gas, shots in Timor
  20. ^ Scoop, June 13, 2007, Timor-Leste: Urge for Democratic Election Process
  21. ↑ Timor Post, June 26, 2007
  22. ↑ ETAN, June 25, 2007, UNMIT Daily Media Monitoring: June 25, 2008
  23. ↑ Suara Timor Lorosae, June 25, 2007
  24. ↑ Suara Timor Lorosae, June 28, 2007
  25. ↑ Todas as estações de voto funcionaram em todo Timor-Leste - ELEITORES VOTARAM EM GRANDE NÚMERO E PACIFICAMENTE ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) CNE press release, July 1, 2007
  26. ↑ Channel Nes Asia, June 29, 2007, Timor Leste ballot distribution on track despite weather: UN
  27. ↑ STAE - PRESS RELEASE DELIVERY OF SENSITIVE MATERIAL FROM DILI TO THE DISTRICTS, June 26, 2007
  28. ↑ STAE press release, June 30, 2007, End of Polling Update
  29. ↑ Reuters, June 30, 2007, East Timor elections appear to go smoothly
  30. ↑ NZZ, July 2, 2007, First parliamentary elections in East Timor
  31. ↑ Voice of America, July 2, 2007, Disputes Delay East Timor Vote Count ( July 12, 2007 memento in the Internet Archive )
  32. ↑ CNE - Official final result of the counting July 9, 2007 ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 60 kB)
  33. ^ Channel News Asia, July 9, 2007, Seven parties to sit in Timor Leste's parliament
  34. ↑ a b CNE - result of the counting in the individual districts ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 121 kB)
  35. ↑ N ° 679 / RE-CNE / VII / 2007 - National Provisional Results from the 30 June 2007 Parliamentary Elections (English) ( Memento from 10 August 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 545 kB)
  36. ↑ Antara, July 11, 2007, E. Timor's top court endorses election results ( Memento of August 19, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  37. ^ AKI, July 5, 2007, EAST TIMOR: A MINORITY CAN GOVERN SAYS FRETILIN LEADER
  38. ^ BBC, July 5, 2007, Fretilin claims E Timor victory
  39. ↑ Reuters, July 6, 2007, Gusmao party forms coalition for E. Timor government
  40. ↑ ABC, July 10, 2007, Fretilin open to E Timor unity govt
  41. ↑ Today Online, July 11, 2007, ETimor deadlock days away from resolution: president ( Memento from September 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  42. ↑ Antara: East Timor tries for unity government , July 17, 2007 ( Memento of October 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  43. ↑ Timor Post, July 13, 2007, UNDERTIM will help Fretilin to form government
  44. ↑ Worldpress.org, July 20, 2007, East Timor: Uncertainty Over Future Government
  45. ↑ Gulf Times: Rivals agree on East Timor unity cabinet , July 17, 2007 ( Memento of September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  46. ^ ADN Kronos International (AKI), July 19, 2007, East Timor: Social Democrats say no to government alliance
  47. ^ AP, July 24, 2007, East Timor Facing Political Crisis After Coalition Talks Fail
  48. ↑ TVNZ: Timor parliament sworn in, no govt yet , July 30, 2007 ( Memento of April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  49. ↑ Reuters, August 1, 2007, East Timor president sets deadline for new govt
  50. ↑ Channel NewsAsia, August 3, 2007, Timor Leste's Fretilin party vows boycott until unity government is formed
  51. ↑ The West, August 3, 2007, Ramos Horta 'will ask Gusmao to govern' ( memento of the original from September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.thewest.com.au
  52. ↑ Japan today, August 3, 2007, Fretilin proposes independent premier ( memento of the original from October 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.japantoday.com
  53. ↑ a b Internal Displacement Monitoring Center ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 464 kB)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.internal-displacement.org
  54. ↑ News.com.au, August 6, 2007, Gusmao to be new E Timor PM
  55. ↑ ABC news, August 6, 2007, Violence follows decision to make Gusmao PM
  56. ↑ MyEarthlink, August 7th 2007, mobs set Buildings on Fire in East Timor
  57. ↑ News.com.au, August 7th 2007, Aussie troops attacked in Timor  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.chinanationalnews.com  
  58. ^ BBC, August 8, 2007, Gusmao sworn in as East Timor PM
  59. ^ Scoop, September 15, 2007, Timor: Violence Drives 1000s From Homes
  60. ↑ ReliefWeb, August 6, 2007, The United Nations welcomes the announcement of a new Government ( Memento of the original of August 18, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wwww.reliefweb.int
  61. ↑ The Australian, August 9, 2007, Fretilin sidelined in Timorese cabinet ( Memento of the original from August 31, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.theaustralian.news.com.au
  62. ↑ AKI, August 24, 2007, East Timor: Fretilin says no to joining government as calm returns to capital ( Memento of the original from August 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.adnkronos.com
  63. ↑ parliament Fretilin to sit as opposition in ETimor -2007-08-14. Retrieved August 13, 2007 .
  64. ^ ETAN, August 14, 2007, LDP views the Alliance government as constitutional
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on August 22, 2007 .