Klibur Oan Timor Asuwain

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Flag of the KOTA

The Klibur Oan Timor Asuwain KOTA ( depending on the source "Sons of the mountain warriors of Timor" or "Sons of the war dogs from the mountains of Timor", also called the "Association of Timorese Heroes" ) was a traditionalist party in East Timor that existed from 1974 to about 2016 . In 2007, KOTA stated that it had 30,000 members.

History and program

The party was founded in October 1974 as Associacão Popular Monarqui (c) a de Timor APMT ( People's Union of Monarchists of Timor ) and renamed its current name on November 20. It saw itself as a balancing element between the western oriented UDT and the left FRETILIN . The colonial power Portugal did not recognize it as a party because it had too few supporters. The founders were Pedro da Costa Ramalho , Leão Pedro dos Reis Amaral and José Martins . Martins, 49, who was previously with APODETI , became the first president, and Francisco Ximenes, a Galoli , was vice-president-Speaker from Laleia . The KOTA found its support mainly from the Liurais , the traditional small kings of Timor , but less from the population. Until it ended 30 years later, it remained more of an association of the Liurais.

The KOTA advocated an indirect electoral system in which each tribe could designate a chief from the men of one lineage. These chiefs should then elect the representatives for parliament from among their ranks, and these in turn elect the king. Most foreign observers are of the opinion that KOTA never had the chance to win approval from the population, only the journalist Bill Nichol believed that they could have won the majority with these ideas if they did not consider themselves presented so incompetently and got advertising time on the radio. On January 26, 1975, the KOTA launched an election campaign in Dili with 10,000 participants.

José Martins was a contact person for Indonesia and the pro-integration stance of KOTA was used to legitimize the larger neighbor in the invasion of East Timor. In 1976 Martins fled from the Indonesians under the protection of the United Nations . Later, the KOTA was directed against the Indonesian occupation. From April 1998 she was a member of the CNRT , the umbrella organization of the East Timorese resistance. Augusto Pires represented KOTA in the Council of the CNRT. On August 11, 1998, KOTA, like the other four old parties of East Timor, rejected the Indonesian offer for limited autonomy and called for a referendum on East Timor's independence .

On August 30, 2000, KOTA was reorganized and aligned. Leão Pedro dos Reis Amaral was the official successor of the late José Martins. During the restoration of East Timor’s independence, the 83-year-old Leão Pedro dos Reis Amaral was already represented by Clementino dos Reis Amaral . During the Portuguese colonial era, Clementino dos Reis Amaral was district administrator of Baucau , later a member of the Indonesian parliament for 14 years and a member of the Indonesian Commission for Human Rights for seven years. Party spokesman was João Francisco dos Reis Amaral in the again independent East Timor .

The KOTA wanted the promotion of the Timorese culture and traditions, in connection with the universal human rights, and strived for a stronger political and social role of the Liurais. The influence of Western society and the diminishing reputation of the Liurais were deplored. The KOTA largely abandoned the goal of a monarchy and supported the republican multi-party system, albeit with a stronger federal focus on the old empires of the country and a stronger role for the president . In 2007, social policy was based on the program of the Portuguese Partido Socialista . A strong social system with a modern tax system should be created with a system of "four subsidies": for births, marriages, families and funerals. The further development of agriculture, fishing, tourism and the cultivation of coffee should fight poverty. During the discussion about the official language of the country, the KOTA favored promoting Tetum . Portuguese , Bahasa Indonesia and English should be taught in school. The party had contacts to Macau , Australia and to Dom Duarte , the Duke of Braganza and a direct descendant of the last king of Portugal. As the only party in East Timor, KOTA emphasized closer cooperation, especially with West Timor , in order to liberalize the movement of people and goods. In 2007, KOTA stated that it had 30,000 members. General Secretary Manuel Tilman named the union with the western part of the island as his project, since one was a nation, if not at that time. With this goal he stood alone in East Timorese politics.

Due to a dispute over the party leadership, KOTA entered the election year 2012 weakened. In 2011, Pedro da Costa Ramalho became party chairman for a while. The internal power struggles escalated when General Secretary Tilman tried unauthorized to bring the party into an alliance with FRETILIN. Tilman prevailed, even if Ramailho demanded his resignation as general secretary in May 2011, as the majority of the members would no longer recognize Tilman. Ramalho accused Tilman of misusing party money and of never attending Central Committee meetings. Finally, under the leadership of Ramalho, the Associação Popular Monarquia Timorense split off. Tilman now led KOTA.

In April 2016, Tilman announced a collaboration with the PLP . Until the parliamentary elections on July 22, 2017 , KOTA disappeared from the list of registered parties.

Election results and parliamentary representation

Clementino doe Reis Amaral (approx. 2001)

In 1999, Clementino dos Reis Amaral was appointed representative of KOTA to the National Consultative Council (NCC), the predecessor of the actual parliament during the time of the UN administration and later in its successor, the National Council .

In the elections for the constituent assembly on August 30, 2001 , KOTA received 2.13% of the vote. Clementino dos Reis Amaral and Manuel Tilman became members of the new parliament, which had a total of 88 seats.

In the 2007 presidential elections , Manuel Tilman was eliminated after the first round on April 9 with 4.09% of the vote. After all, he received the most votes in seven sucos in Ainaro thanks to the support of Jacob Xavier and his Partido do Povo de Timor PPT . As the only one of the losing candidates in the first round, Tilman recommended that his voters elect Francisco Guterres from FRETILIN in the second round , who was then defeated by the independent candidate José Ramos-Horta .

For the first parliamentary elections after independence on June 30, 2007, the KOTA prepared a joint electoral list with the PPT under the name Aliança Democratica KOTA / PPT . The Aliança Democratica KOTA / PPT finally received 13,294 votes, which corresponds to 3.20% of the valid votes. It found the greatest support in the then Ainaro district , where it received 18.15% (4066 votes) of the vote and became the second strongest list. The alliance received over 3% of the votes in Aileu (5.60%). Manuel Tilman from KOTA and Jacob Xavier from PPT then moved into East Timor’s national parliament with 65 members for the alliance. The alliance was dissolved again after the election.

In the 2012 presidential election , Tilman ran again and received only 1.56% of the vote.

In the parliamentary elections in 2012 , the KOTA formed a new Aliança Democrática together with the Partido Trabalhista (PTT) . The PPT did not submit an electoral list to the electoral authorities. However, KOTA / PTT failed because of the three percent hurdle. They only received 2,622 votes (0.56%). Even in the old stronghold of Ainaro, the Aliança Democrática only received 0.92% of the votes, which was the best result in a district.

Party flags

Flags of the KOTA and the Aliança Democratica

Manuel Tilman declared in the 2007 presidential election campaign that black represents darkness and white represents light. There is a movement from the darkness into the light. Eight is a magical number for both Hindus and Buddhists. In algebra , it symbolizes infinity. The one shows that the KOTA members only believe in one God.

According to Tilman, the flag has existed in Timor since the first humans, 6000 BC. When asked whether it was the same flag, Tilman said "exactly the same". It has existed since the beginning. He did not accept it himself, but inherited it from his grandparents. Tilman is the name of a descendant of the earlier kings of Timor.

The second flag, also in black and white, carried an aitos , a symbol that, according to Tilman, has been venerated for a long time. It stands for the fertility of the earth and the existence of only one god. Tilman saw the Christian cross that can be found in Aitos as evidence that God revealed himself to Timor as well as to Europeans independently of one another. In the upper leech there was a logo with a Timorese house in traditional construction , two suriks (Timorese swords) and a Kaibauk (Timorese crown).

Previously, a flag was used with eight stripes (black, yellow, red, green, white, blue, red, green) that draw an arch to the top right corner where the stripes taper to a point. In the black stripe there was a yellow, 32-ray sun on the left and the lettering KOTA in white. In the middle there was a white disk enclosed with a blue ring. The party's full name was written around the ring. There were 33 yellow stars on the ring. On the white pane, from top to bottom, there was a traditionally built house, two crossed Suriks and a Kaibauk.

In addition to the party flag, KOTA also carried a black flag, which is supposed to represent the Timorese culture.

Web links

Commons : Klibur Oan Timor Asuwain  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Political Parties and groupings of Timor-Leste, May 2007 ( Memento from August 31, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (English; PDF; 996 kB)
  2. ↑ a b c David Hicks: Rhetoric and the Decolonization and Recolonization of East Timor , 2014, ISBN 9781317695349 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Pat Walsh : East Timor's Political Parties and Groupings Briefing Notes , Australian Council for Overseas Aid 2001, 1st edition (English; MS Word ; 174 kB)
  4. ↑ a b c d Dennis Shoesmith: Political Parties and Groupings of Timor-Leste , Australian Labor International, October 2011, 3rd edition ( Memento from May 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
  5. ↑ Indonesia Information No. 1 2002 (February)
  6. ↑ a b c d e Douglas Kammen: Fragments of utopia: Popular yearnings in East Timor , Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 40 (2), pp. 385–408 June 2009, doi : 10.1017 / S0022463409000216 .
  7. ↑ CJITL: Partidu 25 Ne'ebe Sei Kompete Iha Eleisaun Legislativa , January 24, 2012
  8. ↑ Timor Hau Nian Doben: MANUEL TILMAN AFILIA BA PLP , April 19, 2016 , accessed on April 19, 2016.
  9. ↑ Lusa: Timor-Leste / Eleições: 23 candidaturas apresentadas às eleições parlamentares de 22 de julho , June 5, 2017 , accessed on June 5, 2017.
  10. ↑ Nassrine De Rham Azimi, Li Lin Chang: The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET): Debriefing and Lessons , Report of the 2002 Tokyo Conference, Institute of Policy Studies (Singapore), S. 289th
  11. ^ UN: East Timor National Council elects business representative as new Speaker , April 9, 2001 , accessed January 20, 2020.
  12. ↑ List of MPs in the National Parliament of East Timor ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  13. ↑ International Crises Group: Timor-Leste's Elections: Leaving Behind a Violent Past? , Update Briefing, Asia Briefing N ° 134, Dili / Jakarta / Brussels, February 21, 2012 ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.4 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.crisisgroup.org
  14. ↑ CNE - Result of the counting in the individual districts parliamentary elections 2007 ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 121 kB)
  15. ↑ Forum Haksesuk: Rogério Lobato é candidato a Presidente , November 30, 2011 ( Memento of March 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (Tetum and Portuguese)
  16. ↑ STAE ( memento of December 5, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on September 9, 2012
  17. ↑ Flags of the World -KOTA - Klibur Oan Timor Asuwain (East Timor)