União Democrática Timorense

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UDT logo

The conservative União Democrática Timorense (UDT) ( German  " Democratic Timorese Union " ) was founded on May 11, 1974. This makes it the oldest party in East Timor . It was supported by the traditional elites, the Liurai and Sucos .

1975 to 2002

João Viegas Carrascalão

When it was founded, the UDT advocated close ties to the former colonial power Portugal or, as it said in Tetum : mate bandera hum (“in the shadow of the Portuguese flag”) instead of complete independence . Ultimately, however, they supported a gradual approach to independence. Their program consisted of democracy, human rights, self-determination and income redistribution. The founders of the party included the brothers Mário , Manuel and João Carrascalão , Domingos de Oliveira (the first general secretary), Francisco Lopes da Cruz and César Augusto Mousinho (then mayor of Dili and vice-president of the UDT). Mário Carrascalão was the founding president, but under pressure from Portuguese officers had to give up his post to the former customs officer Lopes da Cruz, as Carrascalão was said to have too close ties to the old dictatorship. Moisés da Costa Amaral was President of the Political Commission from 1975 to 1989 . Augusto Mouzinho , the mayor of Dili, became vice chairman of the UDT.

In 1975 the UDT first formed an alliance with FRETILIN to bring East Timor to independence. Due to Indonesia's secret service work and concerns that FRETILIN might take a communist path, the alliance broke up a few months later. After a majority for FRETILIN threatened to emerge, the UDT tried to take power with a coup, also to use Indonesia as an excuse to intervene. The neighboring country threatened to invade in order to prevent FRETILIN from taking over the government. UDT President Lopes da Cruz was arrested by UDT leaders João Viegas Carrascalão and Domingos de Oliveira on suspicion of collaborating with Indonesia. The suspicion was later confirmed. The UDT was defeated by the FRETILIN in the civil war that followed. Around 2,000 people died, including UDT supporters who had already been captured by FRETILIN. 3,000 supporters of the UDT fled to the Indonesian West Timor, where, under pressure, they pleaded for the connection of East Timor to Indonesia.

After the occupation by Indonesia, East Timorese living abroad founded the FRETILIN and UDT in January 1988 a national council of resistance headed by Xanana Gusmão ( Nacional de Resistência Maupe CNRM , from 1998 Conselho Nacional de Resistência Timorense CNRT ). The council served as an umbrella organization to better coordinate the freedom struggle. Manuel Carrascalão later became the CNRT's spokesman. Mário Viegas Carrascalão was Governor of East Timor during the Indonesian occupation from 1983 to 1992. He exposed human rights violations by Indonesians in East Timor. Mário later became chairman of the East Timorese Social Democratic Party .

After the Indonesian occupation, João Viegas Carrascalão was Minister of Infrastructure during the UN administration and coordinated the start of the reconstruction of East Timor. Manuel Carrascalão was chairman of the National Council, a kind of transitional parliament, from April to September 2001.

The UDT in independent East Timor

UDT campaign in Dili for the 2012 parliamentary election
Party leader Francisco David Xavier Carlos and behind him João Gomes

João Viegas Carrascalão led the party as chairman in the independent East Timor. He died in February 2012. In February 2010, Gilman Exposto dos Santos became President of the UDT. After Domingos de Oliveira, Cipriano J. da Costa Gonsalves, and then Francisco David Xavier Carlos, were general secretaries .

In the elections for the first parliament of the Free East Timor on August 30, 2001, the UDT received 2.36% of the vote (8,581) and two of the 88 seats. One of the reasons for this was persistent rumors that the UDT would try to revive its power. Members of the UDT were Alexandre Gentil Corte-Real de Araújo and Quitéria da Costa .

In the 2007 presidential election , João Carrascalão was the last of eight applicants to drop out after the first round with just 1.72% of the vote.

In the parliamentary elections on June 30, 2007 , the UDT received 0.90% (3,753) of the valid votes and failed to pass the three percent hurdle. It received the most support in what was then the Ermera district , where it received 918 votes (2.2%).

In July 2007, the UDT joined with five other parties that had also failed in the parliamentary elections by the three percent hurdle to form the Liga Democrática Progressiva LDP . The LDP is intended to serve as a political platform outside parliament for parties that are ideologically and in terms of their program very different. For this purpose, the UDT became a member of the Frenti Dezenvolvimentu Demokratieiku (FDD) on December 11, 2017 .

For the 2012 presidential elections in East Timor , UDT President Santos declared in 2011 that he wanted to support former military commander-in-chief Taur Matan Ruak in his candidacy, even though he emphasized his independence from all parties. In the parliamentary elections in 2012 , the UDT failed again because of the three percent hurdle. It received only 5,332 votes (1.13%). In Ainaro it reached 3.20% and in Ermera 3.29% of the vote.

In the 2017 parliamentary elections , the UDT received 1.98% and failed to pass the four percent hurdle. The UDT then joined the Fórum Demokrátiku Nasionál (FDN), but left the party alliance again at the end of 2017. For this purpose, the UDT became a member of the Frenti Dezenvolvimentu Demokratieiku (FDD) on December 11, 2017 . With the FDD, the UDT succeeded in entering the national parliament in the early elections in 2018 with a voting share of 5.5% (34,301 votes). With its President Gilman Exposto dos Santos it has now appointed a member of parliament. The FDD broke up after the election of the parliamentary presidium. UDT President now sat as a sole member of parliament until he passed away in 2019. UDT General Secretary Francisco David Xavier Carlos followed Santos into parliament.

On February 22, 2020, CNRT, KHUNTO, PD, UDT, FM and PUDD signed a coalition agreement to form a new government. But President Guterres did not respond to the Alliance's proposal to appoint Xanana Gusmão Prime Minister. At the end of April, the alliance broke up again when KHUNTO left.

anthem

Flag of the UDT
Tebetebe dance at UDT election campaign event 2012
UDT supporters at an FDD event in 2018

Refrain:
Maun alin oan Timur eh, Timur eh
Mai ita hamutuk eh, helele, helele
Maun alin oan Timur eh, Timur eh
Fo laran ba malu eh, helele, helele
Hamutuk ho laran eh
Hodi foti rai Timur eh
Foti rai Timur eh!

1st verse:
Buat sa mak bele fahe oan Timur
Buat sa mak halo ita fahe malu
Atu moris ka mate, ita hamutuk
Ita hotu hamutuk se bok ita
Fahe malu ita rain la sai dade

(refrain)

2nd verse:
Oras né liu liu sei hamutuk
Hamutuj hôdi tane ita nia rain
Tane hôdi hatudo ita mós ema
Iha mundo rai clearan uma kain
Ketak ukun an, ukun duni Timor-Dili!

(Refrain)

See also

Web links

Commons : União Democrática Timorense  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b José Ramos-Horta: Funu - East Timor's struggle for freedom is not over! Ahriman, Freiburg 1997, ISBN 3-89484-556-2 .
  2. ↑ Timor-Leste [Memória : Declaração de Moisés do Amaral, presidente da Comissão Política da UDT]
  3. ↑ Rodney Stafford Nixon: The Case of Justice and Conflict Resolution in East Timor , p. 106, accessed October 10, 2018.
  4. ↑ a b Hamish McDonald: Instigator of civil war later reconciled with his foes. Sydney Morning Herald, March 9, 2012.
  5. ^ UDT blog: Gilman Exposto dos Santos, o novo Presidente da UDT , February 28, 2010 , accessed on June 20, 2017.
  6. ↑ Electoral lists for the 2012 parliamentary elections .
  7. ↑ Monika Schlicher: East Timor faces its past , missio-hilft.de , accessed on January 28, 2019.
  8. ↑ UDT website
  9. ^ Facebook page of the FDD , accessed on March 3, 2018.
  10. ↑ Timor-Leste telescopic fence. October 18, 2011, UDT support Taur's candidacy
  11. ↑ STAE ( memento of December 5, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on September 9, 2012.
  12. ↑ STAE: Preliminary final result of July 24, 2017 .
  13. ↑ Suara Timor Lorosa'e: FDN Husu PR Halo Esforsu Tuir Konstituisaun , November 16, 2017 , accessed January 13, 2018.
  14. ↑ FORUM DEMOKRATIKU NASIONAL (APMT, BUP, PST, PSD, PDP, MLPM, PDC) KOMUNIKADU DE IMPRENSA , January 12, 2018 , accessed on January 13, 2018.
  15. ^ Facebook page of the FDD , accessed on March 3, 2018.
  16. ↑ CNE: Preliminary final result of July 27, 2017 .
  17. ↑ Diário de Notícias: Timor-Leste / Eleições: Tribunal de Recurso valida resultados, vitória da Fretilin , August 1, 2017 , accessed on August 1, 2017.
  18. ↑ List of candidates , accessed on May 22, 2018.
  19. ↑ Tatoli: FDD Disolve PUDD "Apoiu" Fretilin UDT ho FM "Sadedere" AMP , June 18, 2018 , accessed June 19, 2018.
  20. ↑ Media Parlamento Nacional: Parlamento Nacional hato'o sentido condolência ba família enlutada Deputado Gilman A. Exposto dos Santos, husi Bancada UDT, ne'ebé hakotu iis iha Hospital Nacional Guido Valadares, iha loron 25 November 2019. , accessed on 25 November 2019 2019.
  21. ↑ RTP: Secretário-Geral da UDT assume cargo de deputado no parlamento timorense , December 2, 2019 , accessed on December 3, 2019.
  22. ↑ SAPO (LUSA): Xanana Gusmão anuncia nova coligação para formação de Governo em Timor-Leste. , February 22, 2020 , accessed on February 22, 2020.
  23. ↑ Lusa: Fretilin ocupa pastas das Finanças, Administração Estatal e Saúde no Governo timorense , April 29, 2020 , accessed on April 29, 2020.
  24. ↑ Lusa: PM timorense vai preencher 'vagas' no Governo com elementos da Fretilin - ministros , April 29, 2020 , accessed on April 29, 2020.
  25. ↑ Tatoli: KHUNTO Deklara Retira Hosi Koligasaun Foun , April 29, 2020 , accessed on April 29, 2020.