Manatuto

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Manatuto
Manatuto (East Timor)
Manatuto
Manatuto
Coordinates 8 ° 31 ′  S , 126 ° 1 ′  E Coordinates: 8 ° 31 ′  S , 126 ° 1 ′  E
Manatuto subdistricts.png
Basic data
Country East Timor

local community

Manatuto
Administrative office Manatuto
ISO 3166-2 TL-MT
Suco Aiteas , sow , Ailili , Ma'abat
height 0 m
Residents 9022
Aerial photo of Manatuto (2009)
Aerial photo of Manatuto (2009)

Manatuto ( Vila de Manatuto, Manaluto , tetum Manatutu ) is the capital of the East Timorese municipality of Manatuto and the Manatuto Administrative Office . The name is derived from "Manatutu" , the Galoli word for "pecking birds".

geography

View from Mount Santo António de Manatuto over the city

The place Manatuto is on the north coast of Timor , on the Strait of Wetar . To the west of the city, the Northern Lacló , one of the largest rivers in East Timor, flows into the sea. The state capital Dili is just 50 km away as the crow flies. On the relatively well-developed coastal road it is 87 km to Dili and 60 km to Baucau in the east. The city center lies on both sides of the border between the Sucos Aiteas (east) and Sau (west). There are also two exclaves of sucos Ailili in the city area. In the east the city extends into the Suco Ma'abat . The city consists of several villages that are close together.

There is a pre-school, two elementary schools, two pre-secondary schools and three secondary schools in the city. There is also a helipad, a community health center and a post for the East Timorese National Police . Four highways meet in Manatuto: From Laclubar , Laclo , Dili and Vemasse . The Santo António de Manatuto church dates from the Portuguese colonial times. The parish celebrated its 200th anniversary on May 13, 2014. The football stadium, which is still under construction in 2017, is to be named "Estadio Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão ".

The mountain Santo António de Manatuto ( 8 ° 31 ′  S , 126 ° 1 ′  E , 81  m ), east of the city, is also dedicated to the patron saint of the church. A statue of the saint stands on the top of the mountain. To the west, near the roundabout on Avenida Coronel Santo António , is a second hill. In addition to a transmitter, the Gruta de Santo Antonio Saututun and the Gruta Ina Maria Saututun are located on it .

With an average annual rainfall of only 565 mm, Manatuto is one of the driest places in Timor.

Districts of Manatuto
places position height places position height
Ailili 8 ° 31 '  S , 126 ° 1'  E 0  m Aiteas 8 ° 31 '  S , 126 ° 1'  E 0  m
Aitehen 8 ° 31 '  S , 126 ° 2'  E 21  m Berato 8 ° 31 '  S , 126 ° 1'  E 29  m
Iun 8 ° 31 '  S , 126 ° 1'  E 29  m Ma'abat 8 ° 31 '  S , 126 ° 1'  E 29  m
Manatuto 8 ° 31 '  S , 126 ° 1'  E 0  m sow 8 ° 31 '  S , 126 ° 1'  E 0  m

  • Manatuto climate diagram

Residents

9022 people live in Manatuto (2010).

history

Manatuto Church (June 1970)
Destroyed mission of the Canossian Sisters in Manatuto (October 1999)
Monument to St. Anthony at the entrance to Manatuto

Manatuto was one of the traditional kingdoms of Timor, ruled by a liurai . It appears on a list by Afonso de Castro , a former governor of Portuguese Timor who listed 47 empires in 1868. Merchants from Makassar had a great influence here until 1668/69 .

In 1670 Franciscans founded a mission in Manatuto. The Dominican Manuel de Santo António succeeded in converting the Liurais of Manatuto around 1700. In 1730, Governor Pedro de Melo made an alliance with the Liurai. For 85 days Melo was besieged by 15,000 enemy warriors in Manatuto until he managed to break out on January 13, 1731. Governor Pedro de Rego Barreto da Gama e Castro established a garrison in Manatuto in the same year. The second seminary of Timor was established here in 1747 after the seminary in Oecusse founded in 1742 . In 1752 a Catholic church was built. Alongside Laclo, Manatuto became a Christian center in the region. From 1769 to 1877, the bishop for the colony had his seat in Manatuto instead of the capital Dili.

Governor Feliciano António Nogueira Lisboa (1788 to 1790) got into an argument with the monk Francisco Luis da Cunha , the representative of the Catholic Church in Manatuto. Both accused each other of robbery and the theft of customs revenue, among other things. To get rid of the governor, the monk incited the people of Manatuto to rebellion. Christianized Timorese threatened to spread the revolt to all of Belu . Finally, the Viceroy of Goa took action , had both men arrested and deported from Timor. The new governor Joaquim Xavier de Morais Sarmento (1790 to 1794) brought the situation back under control.

On December 31, 1975, Indonesian troops landed in Manatuto during the East Timor invasion . In the city there was an Indonesian resettlement camp for East Timorese people at the end of 1979, who were supposed to be resettled by the Indonesian occupiers for better control. During the Indonesian Operation Donner in 1999, Manatuto was not spared from destruction either.

On April 5, 2007, a serious incident occurred in the outskirts of Manatuto ahead of the presidential election . Around a thousand FRETILIN supporters were stopped on a 300 m long bridge by 20 UN police and 25 New Zealand soldiers from the ISF , as some 50 supporters were armed with machetes. They were disarmed, but as soon as they passed they were stopped by around 600 opposition supporters who erected a street barricade. They shot steel arrows at the FRETILIN supporters and threw stones. The police then withdrew into their vehicles because of the excessive danger, while the FRETILIN trailers on the bridge were wedged between the attackers on one side and their own vehicles on the other side. The police fired warning shots while 16 soldiers stood between the groups. Tear gas was also used. After two to three hours, Australian soldiers and Portuguese police officers came as reinforcements and cleared the roadblock so that the FRETILIN supporters could pass.

On May 28, 2019, the entire market in Manatuto burned down in the evening, triggered by an electrical short circuit.

Culture

Anthony statue in Manatuto
Men at the Feast of Anthony in Manatuto in front of the Church of Santo António de Manatuto

The St. Anthony has since colonial times is very important for Manatuto, he serves as patron of the Church and of the local mountain . He is supposed to have a bigger meaning here than Jesus.

In the 1930s, the missionary Padre Enes Ezequiel Pascoal found a statue of Anthony in an Uma Lulik , a relic house of the traditional Timorese faith . Originally it was given to Liurai Dom Mateus Soares of Manatuto by the Bishop of Malacca in 1815 and kept in a chapel. As an object with its own sacred energy ( Lulik ), the statue was later transferred in the 19th century by the local Liurai from the chapel to the Uma Lulik, which was then dedicated to the saint and the name Amo-Deus Coronel Santo António ( German  Herrgott Colonel Saint Antonius ) received. Next to the statue in the house was the skull of a monk who was said to have worked miracles. He preached rats and birds so that they would spare people's rice fields. Before the warriors of Manatuto went headhunting ( funu ), they threw corn kernels at the feet of the statue while a ritual master spread red betel juice on the foreheads of the warriors .

The statue, which was guarded by his Catholic widow after the ruler's death, had numerous admirers. Despite skepticism about the practice, Pascoal recognized the spirituality of worship but ended the practice. When Bishop José da Costa Nunes visited Manatuto in 1944, he decided that the statue had become an idol and that it should therefore be brought back from the Uma Lulik to a church for worship. This was intended to prevent "pagan practices" in the context of warfare. The widow did not oppose the order, but shortly afterwards the most ardent admirers of the statue came to the mission in Manatuto and demanded that the statue be put back up in the house of the Liurai. The request was rejected because only the Pope could have overturned the bishop's decision.

The statue of Anthony is also said to have miracles. During the Indonesian occupation, she is said to have helped the people of Manatuto to plow and water the fields at night. Proof of this was the statue's mud-covered feet in the morning.

On June 13th the festival of St. Anthony takes place in Manatuto. Men dress up as scarecrows with simple masks made of cardboard, fabric or plastic and wear robes that are decorated with straw. Equestrian games with magnificently decorated Timor ponies are also part of the festival . Moradores and school bands also perform . The old statue of Anthony and other figures are presented festively decorated.

For the 200th anniversary of the arrival of the statue of Anthony in Manatuto in 2015, the apostolic nuncio in East Timor Joseph Salvador Marino came to visit, along with political dignitaries from the capital Dili .

  • Anthony festival in Manatuto
  • St. Anthony Manatuto 1.jpg
  • St. Antonius Manatuto 2.jpg
  • St. Antonius Manatuto 3.jpg
  • St. Antonius Manatuto 4.jpg
  • St. Antonius Manatuto 5.jpg

Sports

The football club Atlético Ultramar comes from Manatuto and has played in the Futebol Amadora league since 2015 .

Web links

Commons : Manatuto  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Geoffrey Hull : The placenames of East Timor , in: Placenames Australia (ANPS): Newsletter of the Australian National Placenames Survey, June 2006, pp. 6 & 7, ( Memento of the original from February 14, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. accessed on September 28, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.anps.org.au
  2. ^ Ministry of State Administration and Territorial Management: Map of the Manatuto Administrative Office.
  3. ↑ UNMIT: Timor-Leste District Atlas version 02, August 2008 ( Memento of the original from December 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 581 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / unmit.unmissions.org
  4. ↑ GMN-TV: TDD sei hasai mandadu kaptura Gastão Sousa , October 8, 2017.
  5. ↑ Timor Agora: Estadio municipal Manatuto sei hanaran estadio Kayrala Xanana Gusmão , June 20, 2017 , accessed on June 21, 2017.
  6. ^ Asian Development Bank: TIM: District Capitals Water Supply Project - Rehabilitation of Lake Lehumo , September 2011 , accessed February 23, 2014.
  7. ↑ Fallingrain.com: Directory of Cities, Towns, and Regions in East Timor
  8. ^ Seeds of Life
  9. ↑ Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Preliminary Result of Census 2010 English ( Memento of the original from September 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 3.2 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / dne.mof.gov.tl
  10. ↑ TIMOR LORO SAE, Um pouco de história ( Memento of November 13, 2001 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ East Timor - PORTUGUESE DEPENDENCY OF EAST TIMOR ( Memento of February 21, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ Hans Hägerdal: Rebellions or factionalism? Timorese forms of resistance in an early colonial context, 1650–1769 , accessed May 29, 2019.
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g Judith Bovensiepen, Frederico Delgado Rosa: Transformations of the sacred in East Timor , accessed December 27, 2017.
  14. ^ Artur Teodoro de Matos: D. Frei Manuel de Santo António: missionário e primeiro bispo residente em Timor. Elementos para a sua biografia (1660–1733) ( Memento from May 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (Portuguese)
  15. ↑ Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo : A língua portuguesa em Timor-Leste , May 27, 2008 , accessed on April 22, 2020.
  16. ↑ Geoffrey C. Gunn: History of Timor ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 50, available from Centro de Estudos sobre África, Ásia e América Latina , CEsA of the TU Lisbon (PDF file; 805 kB). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / pascal.iseg.utl.pt
  17. ↑ Chronologie de l'histoire du Timor (1512–1945) suivie des événements récents (1975–1999) (French; PDF; 887 kB)
  18. ↑ "Chapter 7.3 Forced Displacement and Famine" (PDF; 1.3 MB) from the "Chega!" Report of the CAVR (English)
  19. ↑ NZ Herald, December 31, 2007, New Year Honors: Ambush on bridge put platoon in rough spot  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nzherald.co.nz
  20. ↑ Visit East Timor: Fire Destroys Market in Timorese Town of Manatuto (with video) , May 29, 2019 , accessed on May 29, 2019.
  21. ↑ Irena Cristalis : East Timor: A Nation's Bitter Dawn. Zed Books Ltd., 2013, limited preview in Google Book Search.
  22. ↑ Festival St. Antonio (Manatuto)