Viqueque (Municipality)

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Munisípiu Vikeke (tetum)
Município de Viqueque (port.)
Rice fields in Viqueque with Monte Mundo Perdido in the background
Data
Capital Viqueque
surface 1,872.68 km² (1.)
Population (2015) 76,033 (5.)
Population density 40.60 inhabitants / km² (10.)
Number of households (2015) 15,297 (5.)
ISO 3166-2: TL-VI
Administrative offices Residents surface
Lacluta 6,808 414.16 km²
Ossu 17.161 403.66 km²
Uato-Lari 18,908 287.94 km²
Uatucarbau 7,401 130.69 km²
Viqueque 25,755 636.23 km²
map
Administrative division of Viqueque

Viqueque ( tetum Vikeke ) is the largest municipality in East Timor . The name is derived from the old name "We Keke". We means "water", Keke "bracelet".

geography

Rivers and localities in the municipality of Viqueque (boundaries until 2015)
Landscape near the city of Viqueque
Mud volcano of Raitahu

The municipality of Viqueque is located on the south coast of the island of Timor , on the Timor Sea . It borders the municipality of Baucau in the north , the municipality Lautém in the east across the river Irebere (Irabere) and the municipality Manatuto in the west across the Dilor (Dilin) .

The community is divided into the administrative offices Lacluta , Ossu , Uato-Lari ( Watu-Lari , Uatolári , Leça during the Portuguese colonial period ), Uatucarbau ( Uato Carabau , Watu-Carbau ) and Viqueque . Caraubalu is the only suco in the municipality that is classified as " urban ". This is the center of the municipal capital Viqueque .

The north is mountainous, in the south the community flattens out to hills and coastal plains on the rivers. Ossu is surrounded by several mountains. The Monte Mundo Perdido in the west, the Builo in the south, the Matebian massif in the east and the Fatu Laritame in the north. Uatucarbau and Uato-Lari form a wide coastal plain on the southern slope of the Matebians and several mountains in the east, which extend to the south in hills with fertile land. Rivers that flow into the Timor Sea in the municipality of Viqueque are the Nunuc , the Tuco , the Cuha , the Bularan , the Benaro , the Beaco and the Weburak in the administrative office of Viqueque, the Lugassa on the border with Uato-Lari, the Saqueto , the Bebui , the Borouai and the Oiqui in Uato-Lari and the Molaiuai and the Uaidori in Uatucarbau.

Since the territorial reform of 2015, Viqueque has an area of ​​1872.68 km² (before 1880.39 km²). The boundaries to the municipality of Baucau were changed in 2004 .

16,100 hectares around Monte Mundo Perdido are designated as a game reserve and an Important Bird Area . In addition to many endemic bird species, there are also numerous rare orchids.

  • Administrative boundaries 2003–2015

  • Road network and topography of Ermera

  • Rice growing areas in Viqueque

  • Climate diagram of Viqueque

Residents

Development of the population in Viqueque
Village near the Monte Mundo Perdido

76,033 (2015, 2011: 73,581 inhabitants) live in Viqueque. The population density is 40.60 inhabitants per square kilometer. The average age is 18.5 years. Over 9,300 of the 2004 residents of Dilis were born in Viqueque. Due to the strong emigration to the capital, population growth is well below the national average. Between 1990 and 2004 the number of inhabitants grew annually by 0.95%. Whereas in 2004 each woman in Lacluta had an average of 5.92 children, the number in Viqueque rose to 6.20, in Uato-Lari to 6.54 and 7.20 children in Ossu, up to 7.26 children per woman in Uatucarbau ( National average 6.99). In 2002, child mortality in Uatucarbau was 85 deaths per 1000 live births (1996: 144), in Viqueque 108 (138), in Uato-Lari 110 (139), in Ossu 131 (137) and in Lacluta 143 (122 ). Uatucarbau can thus point to one of the sharpest declines in child mortality in recent years. But it is the only administrative office in Viqueques, which is below the national average of 98. Ossu and Lacluta are among the eight administrative offices of East Timor with the highest child mortality. In Lacluta, contrary to the national trend, it rose by as much as 17% between 1996 and 2002.

Viqueque is a heartland of the Tetum ethnic group , the municipality is a core region of their Austronesian language . Makasae live in the east of Viqueques . 42.3% speak the Papuan language Makasae (largest ethnic group in the administrative offices of Ossu and Uato-Lari) as their mother tongue; 29.0% speak Tetum, (25.4% Tetum Terik in the administrative offices of Lacluta and Viqueque, 3.6% Tetum Prasa ). 18.3% of the population speak Naueti around the places Uato-Lari and Uatucarbau, 3.7% Kairui and 6.0% Midiki , whose speakers near Ossu they call Osomoko . Midiki is also spoken in Lacluta. Naueti, Kairui and Midiki are among the Kawaimina languages. If the second languages ​​are also taken into account, in 2015 85.2% spoke Tetum, 40.5% Bahasa Indonesia , 28.6% Portuguese and 12.3% English . The linguistic fragmentation of the community has meant that the residents identify more with their respective home villages than with the ethnic group to which they belong.

In 2004 94.6% of the population were Catholics , 4.0% Protestants , 1.0% followers of the traditional, animistic religion of Timor and 0.3% Muslims . The 2015 census recorded 97.08% Catholics, 2.51% Protestants, 0.28% Muslims, only 52 animists and 43 others.

  • Traditional costume in Viqueque

  • Tebe Dahur dance

  • Mutissala , a traditional necklace

  • Hair accessories

In 2015, 38.8% of residents aged three or over attended school. 26.3% had left school. 33.6% have never attended school, which is 4.7% above the national average. 5.2% of Viqueque's residents only attended pre-school, just under a third only attended primary school. Just under a quarter of the population have completed secondary schools. 3.7% have a diploma or a degree, which is half the national average. The illiteracy rate in 2015 was 16.9% (women: 16.5%; men: 17.3%). In 2004 it was still 61.0%.

Education Graduation
at school Finished school never in a school Preschool primary school Pre-
secondary		 Secondary Diploma / University of Applied
Sciences		 university No graduation
Women 36.7% 24.7% 37.4% 5.0% 27.9% 13.3% 10.5% 0.4% 2.2% 1.2%
Men 40.9% 28.0% 29.9% 5.5% 32.5% 12.6% 11.8% 1.0% 3.8% 0.9%
total 38.8% 26.3% 33.6% 5.2% 30.2% 12.9% 11.1% 0.7% 3.0% 1.1%

history

Governor José Celestino da Silva (1894–1908) visits the empire of Viqueque . Next to him the ruler Brigadeiro D. Mateus da Costa Rangel Sarmento Pinto.

Viqueque, Bibiluto , Lacluta and Luca were traditional Timorese empires ruled by a liurai . They appear on a list by Afonso de Castro , a former governor of Portuguese Timor who listed 47 empires in 1868. Ossu and Ossorua were such empires too . The influence of Lucas extended at times to the present-day community of Baucau . During the Cová rebellion in 1868 , Viqueque and Luca supported the Portuguese colonial rulers with their own troops, and in April 1896 Luca's Liurai signed a treaty on his vassal status .

When the Japanese occupied the region in 1943, especially the east of Viqueque, the colonial administration was still young and Christianization was not yet far advanced. Uato-Lari and Uatucarbau suffered from the consequences of the fighting between the Japanese army and Australian guerrilla units in the mountains and hills. The Japanese demanded support from local leaders and forced entire villages to build roads, for example. Others supported the Allied soldiers, so that animosities arose between the clans that can still be felt decades later. After the end of the war, the Portuguese severely punished “collaboration” with the Japanese, which led to resentment against the colonial administration among some local nobles.

From Uato-Lari, one of the last great rebellions against Portuguese colonial rule extended to neighboring areas in 1959 . About 1000 Timorese were killed during the Viqueque Rebellion . The leaders of the uprising were sent into exile in Africa. The rebellion was fueled by Indonesians who had found asylum in Portuguese Timor and then settled in Uato-Lari. It is not clear whether they were Indonesian separatists or agents.

At that time, Viqueque was still difficult to reach by land. The road from Baucau was constantly affected by landslides and heavy rainfall, so that even in the 1960s the horse was often preferred to the car as a means of transport.

Course of the Indonesian invasion (1975–1979)

After East Timor's declaration of independence in 1975 , Indonesia began a large-scale invasion of the neighboring country . Among other things, units landed in Beaco (Viqueque administrative office). By October 1976, the place Viqueque and the connections to the coast and to Baucau in the north were occupied. Several bases de apoio were created, in which the civilian population that had fled was settled by the FALINTIL resistance movement . From September 1978 the Indonesian army began destroying the bases and occupying the last resistance areas in Viqueque and Baucau. People were dispersed or captured. Until March 1979, the then districts were completely under Indonesian control.

Refugees ( IDP ) in East Timor after the 2007 general election.

In 1981 700 families from all over Viqueque and from Barique (Manatuto district) were to be deported to Atauro . The intervention of the Lacluta administrator ultimately prevented families from his then sub-district from having to go to the island. Many of the others died of hunger, disease and climate change. It was not until 1985/1986 that some of the deportees returned to their old homeland. In March 1981 in Lacluta , Xanana Gusmão was elected at a secret national conference to succeed the slain Nicolau dos Reis Lobatos as head of FALINTIL. On September 7, 500 women and children were killed in a massacre by the Indonesian occupying army at St. Anthony's Shrine in Lacluta. In 1983 almost 300 people died by the Indonesian army in the Kraras massacre in the region around the town of Kraras ( Krarás , Kararas ). The area in the Viqueque sub-district, south of Bibileo , is now called the Valley of the Widows .

In October 1986 the FALINTIL managed to occupy the city of Viqueque for three days.

In 1999 Viqueque also suffered badly from the violence of the pro-Indonesian militias and the Indonesian army. Many public facilities were destroyed. About 10,000 people were forcibly deported. On September 20, four ships left Beaco with about 4,000 civilians on board and took them to West Timor . An estimated 2,149 homes and 70% of school buildings were destroyed.

Further destruction in the village of Viqueque was caused by the Boro Matan riots in 2001.

On March 30, 2007, following an election campaign event by Prime Minister José Ramos-Horta for the 2007 presidential election, there were clashes between his supporters and supporters of the previously dominant FRETILIN party . 20 people were injured. Two months later, on June 3, 2007, one of his supporters was shot dead by ex-President Xanana Gusmão during an election rally for the 2007 parliamentary elections . Likewise after Gusmão took over the post of Prime Minister on August 8th. Around 3,000 people fled their homes, mainly around the town of Viqueque, in Fatudere and in Uato-Lari.

Uato-Lari is generally considered a unrest province. There are regular violent incidents here, most recently in 2012 after the parliamentary elections in 2012 .

In 2014, the districts across East Timor were transformed into "parishes" and the sub-districts into "administrative offices".

politics

Gregorio Henriques, administrator of the municipality
Administrador Flag of Portugal.svg (if known)
Oscar Ruas 1940s
Artur Marques Ramos around 1959
José Teles around 1973
Alfredo Lemos Pires until 1975
District President (Bupati) Flag of Indonesia.svg
Jaime dos Santos Carvalho ( APODETI ) May 1976-1984
Major Syarif Hidayat (military) 1984-1989
Y. Hendro S. (military) 1989-1994
Lieutenant Colonel I. Ketut Lunca (military) 1995-1999
Martinho Fernandes (APODETI) 1999
Civil Administrator Flag of the United Nations.svg
Ilda Maria da Conceição November 2000 - September 2001
Administrador Flag of East Timor.svg
Francisco da Silva 2002 to September 26, 2014
Gregorio Henriques current (2019)
Strongest party in each district in the 2018 parliamentary elections

The municipality's administrator is appointed by the state government in Dili. During the occupation, the Indonesian government appointed the Bupati .

From March 1999 Martinho Fernandes from Uato-Lari was Bupati from Viqueque, succeeding Lieutenant Colonel I. Ketut Lunca . Fernandes is accused of playing an active role in supporting the pro-Indonesian militias.

From November 2000 to September 2001 this was Ilda Maria da Conceição . Francisco da Silva was Administrator from 2002 to 2014 . The current administrator (as of 2019) is Gregorio Henriques .

In the elections to the constituent assembly , which later became the national parliament, FRETILIN in Viqueque won 74.95% of the vote. The direct mandate at the time also went to the FRETILIN candidate. In the 2007 parliamentary elections , FRETILIN again received the most votes with 59.84%. In the parliamentary elections in 2012 , she again received an absolute majority of 59.52%. In 2017 , the FRETILIN in Viqueque received 52.9%. In the early elections in 2018 , FRETILIN received 62.4% of the vote.

In the first round of the presidential elections in 2007 , Francisco Guterres from FRETILIN in Viqueque won 65.53% of the vote, while the independent candidate and later election winner José Ramos-Horta received 17.26%. In the runoff election, Guterres received 67.97% in Viqueque, Ramos-Horta 32.03%. In 2012 , Guterres in Viqueque received over 58%. In the second round he received 66.08%, the later election winner Taur Matan Ruak 33.92%. In the 2017 presidential election , Francisco Guterres won the most votes, both in his home town of Viqueque and nationwide.

economy

Share of households with ...
agriculture
Field crops Share 2010 Production 2008
Corn 49% 14,880 t
rice 43% 12,114 t
manioc 50% 3,480 t
coconuts 43% -
vegetables 42% 505 t (with fruit)
coffee 14% -
Livestock
Livestock Share 2010 Number of animals 2010
Chicken 77% 33.901
Pigs 72% 15,368
Bovine 25% 8,570
Water buffalo 24% 8,042
Horses 28% 3,660
Goats 24% 4,249
Sheep 3% 1,319
Furnishing
Furnishing Share 2010 Number of households
radio 21% 2,894
watch TV 13% 1,856
Telephone (mobile / landline) 40% 5,591
fridge 4% 620
bicycle 11% 1,526
motorcycle 8th % 1,058
automobile 2% 302
boat 2% 234

According to the 2010 census, 44% of all residents who are ten years or older work (national average: 42%). 3% are unemployed (5%). 59.0% of households practice arable farming, 84.4% cattle (as of 2010). There is fishing on the coasts. Half of the households grow cassava and almost as many maize. Rice, coconuts and vegetables are each grown by around 40% of households. The figures largely correspond to the national average, only rice is planted here almost twice as often. On the other hand, coffee is only grown half as often with 14% of households. Chickens and pigs are found in three-quarters of Viqueque households, slightly more than in all of East Timor. Goats, cattle and buffalo are found in every fourth household, the latter twice as often as the national average. The same applies to horses, which almost every third household owns. They are still an important means of transport because there are hardly any cars or motorcycles. At 3%, sheep are of little importance, as is generally the case in East Timor.

  • Manufacture of sun-dried cement bricks in Viqueque

  • Water buffalo on the road to Viqueque

  • Timor ponies in the Viqueque mountains

Women in Babulo prepare sticks with light nut wax for festive lighting

94% of Viqueque households live in their own house, with another 3% the house belongs to another family member. Only 13% of all residential buildings are made of brick or concrete. Most houses are made of bamboo or palm fronds, rarely natural stone or wood. Half of the roofs are covered with palm fronds, bamboo or straw, the other half of the huts have zinc and iron sheets. In almost half of the houses the floor is made of tamped clay, only one in ten has a floor made of concrete. Overall, the natural materials in Viqueque are more widespread than in other countries.

On July 1, 2012, the Viqueque Power Substation opened to provide electricity to the community.

In Beaco, a US $ 943 million natural gas terminal for ships is to be built by a Chinese company within four years, once the financing is cleared.

The communal radio station Radio Povo Viqueque (RPV) broadcasts on FM 97.9 MHz. Every fifth household has a radio, only 13% have a television.

Share of households with ...
... house walls made of ...
Brick / concrete Wood bamboo Clay Iron / zinc sheet Palm fronds Natural stones Others
13% 2% 40% 0% 1 % 41% 1 % 1 %
... roofs made of ... ... floors made of ...
Palm fronds / straw / bamboo Iron / zinc sheet Roof tiles Others concrete Tiles Soil / loam Bamboo / wood Others
49% 49% 0% 1 % 10% 3% 82% 3% 2%
Drinking water supply through ...
Pipe or pump in the house Line or pump outside Public pipeline, well, borehole protected source unprotected source Surface water Others
3% 11% 25% 12% 20% 28% 1 %
Energy source for cooking Light source
electricity petroleum Wood Others electricity petroleum Wood Light nut /
candle berry		 Others
1 % 3% 95% 1 % 25% 45% 3% 15% 11%

Web links

Commons : Viqueque (municipality)  - collection of images, videos and audio files

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Direcção-Geral de Estatística : Results of the 2015 census , accessed on November 23, 2016.
  2. ↑ Suai Media Space: Koba Lima - Suai
  3. ^ A b BirdLife International : A lost world in Timor-Leste. Mount Mundo Perdido. A profile of its biodiversity and conservation (English; PDF; 755 kB)
  4. ↑ a b c d Janet Gunter: Communal Conflict in Viqueque and the 'Charged' History of '59 , 8: 1, pp. 27–41, 2007, The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, ISSN  1444-2213 , doi: 10.1080 / 14442210601177977 , p. 29.
  5. ^ Timor-Leste GIS-Portal ( Memento from June 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ a b Direcção Nacional de Estatística: 2010 Census Wall Chart ( Memento of the original from August 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English, PDF; 2.7 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / dne.mof.gov.tl
  7. ↑ Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Timor-Leste in figures 2011 (English, PDF; 3.8 MB) ( Memento of the original from February 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed May 5, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / dne.mof.gov.tl
  8. ↑ a b Census of Population and Housing Atlas 2004 ( Memento of November 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 14 MB)
  9. ^ Damien Kingsbury: National Identity in Timor - Leste: A Brief Comparative Study
  10. ↑ District Pritory Tables: Viqueque 2004 ( Memento of the original from November 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 13 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / dne.mof.gov.tl
  11. ↑ TIMOR LORO SAE, Um pouco de história ( Memento of the original dated November 13, 2001 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / oecussi.no.sapo.pt
  12. ↑ East Timor - PORTUGUESE DEPENDENCY OF EAST TIMOR ( Memento of February 21, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
  13. ^ A b Geoffrey C. Gunn: History of Timor. ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Technical University of Lisbon (PDF file; 805 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / pascal.iseg.utl.pt
  14. ↑ Australian Department of Defense, Patricia Dexter: Historical Analysis of Population Reactions to Stimuli - A case of East Timor ( Memento of September 13, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.1 MB)
  15. ↑ a b c "Chapter 7.3 Forced Displacement and Famine" (PDF; 1.3 MB) from the "Chega!" Report of the CAVR (English)
  16. ↑ a b Internal Displacement Monitoring Center ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 464 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.internal-displacement.org
  17. ↑ Late Night Live in Timor ( Memento from February 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  18. ↑ "Chapter 7.2 Unlawful Killings and Enforced Disappearances" (PDF; 2.5 MB) from the "Chega!" Report of the CAVR (English)
  19. ^ Frédéric B. Durand: History of Timor-Leste, p. 118, ISBN 978-616215124-8 .
  20. ^ Frédéric Durand: Three centuries of violence and struggle in East Timor (1726-2008) , Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence
  21. ^ Ministry of State Administration and Territorial Management
  22. ↑ Fundaisaun Mahein: The Everlasting Trouble in Uatulari , April 24, 2012
  23. ^ East Timor Legal Blogspot: Police officer who shot dead Armindo Pereira Alves suspended , July 20, 2012 , accessed July 21, 2012
  24. ^ East Timor Legal Blogspot: Uatulari Police station attacked , July 20, 2012 , accessed July 21, 2012
  25. ^ Radio Timor-Leste: PNTL and UN Police cars destroyed in Uatulari , July 20, 2012
  26. ^ Ernest Chamberlain: The 1959 Rebellion in East Timor: Unresolved Tensions and an Unwritten History , accessed September 7, 2013
  27. ^ Joachim K. Metzner: Man and Environment in Eastern Timor , Australian National University, 1977.
  28. ^ David Hicks: Rhetoric and the Decolonization and Recolonization of East Timor. Routledge, 2015, limited preview in Google Book Search.
  29. ↑ "Part 4: Regime of Occupation" (PDF) from the "Chega!" Report of the CAVR (English)
  30. ↑ Ministry of State Administration: FRANCISCO DA SILVA REFORMA HUSI KARGU NU'UDAR ADMINISTRADÓR DISTRITU VIQUEQUE , September 26, 2019 , accessed on May 4, 2019.
  31. ↑ Masters of Terror: Martinho Fernandes ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed July 11, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / yayasanhak.minihub.org
  32. ↑ Timor Truth: Ilda Maria da Conceição ( Memento of October 23, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 20, 2015.
  33. ^ Descentralização Administrativa na República Democrática de Timor-Leste: Viqueque , accessed on February 7, 2014
  34. ↑ Instituto de Defesa Nacional : Geopolitica de Timor-Leste: Municipio de Viqueque , December 28, 2019 , accessed on December 27, 2019.
  35. ↑ Lurdes Silva-Carneiro de Sousa: Some Facts and Comments on the East Timor 2001 Constituent Assembly Election ( Memento of October 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) ( RTF ; 199 kB), Lusotopie 2001: pp. 299–311.
  36. ↑ CNE - official results on 9th July 2007 ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 118 kB)
  37. ↑ CNE: CNE 2017
  38. ↑ CNE: Munisipios , accessed May 30, 2018.
  39. ↑ Final result of the first round, broken down into the individual districts (PDF)
  40. ↑ STAE : Rezultadu Provizorio Eleisaun Prezedensial 2012  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.stae.tl   (no longer available)
  41. ↑ STAE: Rezultadu Provisorio Total Huosi 13 Distritu . Archived from the original on January 13, 2013 ; accessed on January 4, 2016 .
  42. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Suco Report Volume 4 ( Memento of the original from April 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English, PDF; 9.8 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / dne.mof.gov.tl
  43. ↑ a b Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Timor-Leste in Figures 2008 ( Memento of the original from 7 July 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 3.6 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / dne.mof.gov.tl
  44. ^ Government of Timor-Leste: Government Opening of the Viqueque District Power Substation , July 13, 2012 , accessed July 29, 2012
  45. ↑ e-global: Timor-Leste: Eempresa Chinesa vai construir porto no sul do território timorense , April 29, 2019 , accessed on April 30, 2019.
  46. ↑ ARKTL - Asosiasaun Radio Komunidade Timor-Leste (English)

Coordinates: 8 ° 51 ′  S , 126 ° 22 ′  E