Monte Mundo Perdido
| Monte Mundo Perdido | ||
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| height | 1763 m | |
| location | Ossu de Cima , Ossu Administrative Office , Viqueque Municipality , East Timor | |
| Coordinates | 8 ° 43 '16 " S , 126 ° 19' 56" E | |
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| Type | Karst | |
| rock | limestone | |
The Monte Mundo Perdido (also Gunung Mundoperdido , Gunung Perdido ; German "Mountain of the Lost World" ) is a mountain in the East Timorese Suco Ossu de Cima ( administrative office Ossu , municipality of Viqueque ), west of the village of Ossu .
Appearance
The mountain is one of the island of Timor typical Fatu with characteristic steep cliffs. from limestone karst . It has an altitude of 1763 m ( other sources : 1752 m , 1775 m ). There are several caves in the region. Including the Gua Pusuk , two kilometers in length. Some areas of the region are considered sacred by the locals .
Numerous springs rise on the mountain and flow into small rivers. The Seiçal , one of the few rivers in the north of the country, has its source in the region all year round.
climate
There is a rainy and a dry season on the island of Timor . The rainy season on Monte Mundo Perdido falls between December and June. While in the nearby town of Ossu the annual precipitation is 1956 mm, an annual precipitation of 2500 to 3000 mm is estimated on the higher slopes of the mountain. In addition, there is moisture from the clouds. During the day prevail on an altitude of 1200 m to 1400 m temperatures of 26 to 28 ° C, to 1700 m is about 20 to 22 ° C. At night it is 18 and 10 ° C respectively.
Economic use
The people around the mountain grow rice and vegetables. In addition, water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ), bantengrinder ( Bos javanicus ), Timor ponies , goats and chickens are bred. Some Banteng went wild in 1999 after some families had fled. Wood, rattan, bamboo, orchids and ferns are extracted from the forest. Around 200 hectares of coffee plantations were created between 1900 and 1910, but these have become overgrown due to the war during the Indonesian occupation (1975 to 1999). Only small quantities are harvested for local use.
The wildlife sanctuary
The summit and the surrounding forest have been a wildlife sanctuary since 2000, but there are no active protective measures. According to a 2009 survey, the mountain forest is one of the most important in Timor. The 16,100 hectare protected area also includes the Laritame mountain , five kilometers to the north, and parts of the administrative offices of Vemasse and Venilale (both in the Baucau municipality ). The area is over 750 m , 3,600 hectares are even over 1000 m . There are four villages in the area: Ossu de Cima , Loi-Huno , Builale and Liaruca . There are plans to extend the area beyond the town of Uaguia in order to add the mountain Builo with about 3000 to 4000 hectares to the Important Bird Area of Monte Mundo Perdido, even if a high biodiversity is proven here .
An active management as a protected area has not yet taken place despite its status for the area, but the local population is open to the idea. The area is not suitable for agriculture due to its rugged and steep cliffs. The keeping of farm animals, the use of products from the forest such as bamboo and rattan and the reforestation of eroded areas should be regulated. A program for communal forest use is also being considered to limit uncontrolled deforestation.
fauna
| Endemic and endangered bird species in the area of Monte Mundo Perdido on Timor and Wetar | |
| Bird species | information |
| Great cuckoo pigeon ( Macropygia magna ) | endemic |
| Timor pigeon ( Turacoena modesta ) | endangered |
| Slate-backed fruit pigeon ( Ducula cineracea ) | threatened / endemic |
| Yellow-cheeked Cockatoo ( Cacatua sulphurea ) | severely threatened |
| Yellow-headed Lorikeet ( Trichoglossus euteles ) | endemic |
| Iris Lorikeet ( Psitteuteles iris ) | threatened / endemic |
| Timorliest ( Todiramphus australasia ) | low endangered / endemic |
| Timor leather head ( Philemon inornatus ) | endemic |
| Timor Honeyeater ( Lichmera flavicans ) | endemic |
| Tricolor honeyeater ( Myzomela vulnerata ) | endemic |
| Timorgerygone ( Gerygone inornata ) | endemic |
| Orpheus thick head ( Pachycephala orpheus ) | endemic |
| Fig pyrole ( Sphecotheres viridis ) | endemic |
| Sundapirol ( Oriolus melanotis ) | endemic |
| Timorese tail ( Urosphena subulata ) | endemic |
| Timor Warrior ( Phylloscopus presbytes ) | endemic |
| Spotted-breast- eyed bird ( Heleia muelleri ) | endangered / endemic |
| Sumbawa thrush ( Zoothera dohertyi ) | endangered / endemic |
| Timor Thrush ( Zoothera peronii ) | endangered / endemic |
| Chest-band groundcatcher ( Ficedula timorensis ) | endangered / endemic |
| Hyacinth flycatcher ( Cyornis hyacinthinus ) | endemic |
| Macklot mistletoe ( Dicaeum maugei ) | endemic |
| Timor Rice Finch ( Padda fuscata ) | endangered / endemic |
Here alone 22 of the 23 bird species endemic to the Timor- Wetar region were found, which is why the mountain was declared the country's 17th Important Bird Area . The strongly threatened slate-back fruit pigeon ( Ducula cineracea ) was found here in large numbers during the dry season, less so in the rainy season. Other pigeons were also numerous, such as the Timor pigeon ( Turacoena modesta ). There is also a small group of the yellow-cheeked cockatoo ( Cacatua sulphurea ). A big surprise was the discovery of a population of golden-winged bluecatchers ( Muscicapella hodgsoni ), previously only known from Sumatra and Kalimantan . The taxonomic status of this group is still being investigated. Another species found was the South Sea thrush ( Turdus poliocephalus ). A total of 63 bird species have been identified, 61 of which also breed here, while two species are migratory birds from the north. Eleven of the native species specialize in mountain forests. The only known Timorese mountain bird that could not be discovered here was the Mayr bush warbler ( Bradypterus timorensis ). However, it is possible that it was overlooked during the 2009 expedition as not all regions of the area were thoroughly explored.
There are significant populations of bats, especially in caves. So here there are Geoffroy's bat ( Rousettus amplexicaudatus ), Sunda Fruit Bat ( Acerodon mackloti ), Western nude cheeks Flying Fox ( Dobsonia peronii ), Indonesian short-nose bat ( cynopterus titthaecheilus ) and the Timorese subspecies of Canuts horseshoe bat ( Rhinolophus Canuti timoriensis ). In addition, nine flightless mammals have so far been detected in the wildlife sanctuary. The gray cuscus ( Phalanger orientalis ), the crab-eating macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ), the spotted musang ( Paradoxurus hermaphroditus ), the mane deer ( Cervus timorensis ), the Pacific rat ( Rattus exulans ), the Asian house rat ( Rattus tanezumi ) and feral domestic pigs. All of these species were brought to Timor by humans.
Among the few reptile species found were the endemic smooth lizard Eremiascincus timorensis and the Timor bronze snake ( Dendrelaphis inornatus ).
flora
The area is covered by the largest contiguous mountain forest on the island. The vegetation varies depending on the altitude, but bushes and evergreen trees of up to 35 meters high, on which numerous types of epiphytes such as ferns , orchids and screw-tree plants grow , are usually predominant . Above 1450 m the trees only reach heights of 15 to 25 meters and above 1600 m the trees thin out , while the bushes are dense and the ground is covered by ferns ( Cyathea species and Angiopteris evects ) and mosses . Only remnants of the tropical forest are left below 1000 m . There are also small forest islands with the casuarina species Casuarina junghuhniana and open forests from the eucalyptus urophylla . Long ago, large parts of the lower plains of Monte Mundo Perdido were turned into grasslands by agriculture .
In addition, several new species of orchids were discovered in the 2009 field surveys. Monte Mundo Perdido is considered one of the three most important sanctuaries for orchids in East Timor.
Threats
In addition to logging for local use and the use of other plants from the forest, erosion poses a threat to the protected area. In the past, the forest was cleared on some slopes and the resulting grassland was used for livestock farming, which led to erosion and deterioration of the water quality has led. The mammal species are hunted by the local population, including the reticulated python , whose meat and skin are sold. Hunting is mostly done with traps. Larger pigeons are shot at Laritame with blowguns or air guns. Earlier, the nests were Salanganen (collected in the caves of the region bird's nest soup ) and birds such as the Yellow-crested cockatoo, the helmet leather head ( Philemon buceroides ), Timor leather head ( Philemon inornatus ) or junglefowl ( Gallus gallus ) captured for sale. This is no longer the case.
history
During the Indonesian occupation (1975 to 1999), the region was a combat area, which impaired economic use.
See also
Web links
supporting documents
- Bird life International: A lost world in Timor-Leste. Mount Mundo Perdido. A profile of its biodiversity and conservation (PDF; 755 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Geonames
- ^ A b University of Coimbra - The geomorfology of Timor-Leste ( Memento from August 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ João Soares, Novo Atlas Escolar Portugês, Lisbon 1954
- ↑ UNTAET Reulation No. 2000/19 - On protected places ( Memento from October 18, 2000 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 40 kB)
- ↑ a b c d Bird life International, October 27, 2009, Endemics thrive on Timor-Leste's "Lost World" mountain
- ↑ Mark O'Shea et al: Herpetological Diversity of Timor-Leste Updates and a Review of species distributions. In: Asian Herpetological Research. 2015, 6 (2): pp. 73-131., Accessed on July 17, 2015.