List of governors of Portuguese Timor
List of governors of Portuguese Timor
The governor not only administered the Portuguese possessions on Timor , but also, until they were lost, those on the other Lesser Sunda Islands , such as Solor and Flores .
Historical background
Initially, the captains ( Capitão ) of the individual expeditions were the highest authority in the region. In 1665 the Portuguese commander Simão Luis was appointed the first general captain ( Capitão-Mor ) of Solor and Timor . After his death in the same year, he was succeeded by António da Hornay , a captain of the Topasse , with which he was practically equated with the leadership within the Topasse and commander in chief of the black Portuguese , the Catholic mestizo population . The Topasse family clans of the Hornays and the Costas became the real rulers in the colony. The Portuguese took advantage of the rivalry between the two clans. The Portuguese viceroy in Goa had sent the same letter to António da Hornay and Mateus da Costa in 1666, with which he declared them to be his representatives, provided that they were in power. At the time, this was with António, but Mateus did not accept this and relied on an earlier appointment.
From 1695, the viceroy in Goa tried to regain direct control of the region and, with António de Mesquita Pimentel, sent a governor who, like his successor André Coelho Vieira , was unable to assert himself. This only succeeded António Coelho Guerreiro in 1702, who is listed as the first governor in many lists because he was the first governor (compulsorily) to reside in Timor and his two predecessors had failed to build a functioning power structure. In the following decades, however, the power struggle between the governor and the Capitão-mor continued. At times, Topasse, such as Domingos da Costa or outsiders, such as Manuel de Santo António, took over the post of governor. It was only when the seat of government of the colony was relocated from Lifau to Dili in 1769 that the Portuguese governors were finally able to secure their position on Timor. In 1787 Pedro da Hornay recognized the sovereignty of Portugal.
From 1822, the governor's posts were only filled with military personnel. In addition to military power, the governor also had powers in the civil area, although these were not clearly defined and thus enabled arbitrariness. The separation of the military and civil administration, which was introduced in 1834, was repealed in 1835. A decree of December 1, 1869 stipulated that the governor should be an active officer who had previously worked in the administrative service. The term of office was set for a maximum of five years, but most governors stayed only two years, and many not even a year. On the one hand, the post was not very prestigious as long as Timor was officially subordinate to either Goa or Macau , on the other hand, many Europeans had health problems. At that time Dili was considered to be infected with malaria . In addition, there were frequent new awards that went hand in hand with the numerous changes of government in Portugal.
Hints
The dates for the term of office generally refer to the time between taking office in the colony and leaving at the end of the service. In the literature one always finds contradicting dates, since the appointment of governors, given the long travel time to Timor, took place well before taking office on site, which is not always taken into account in the literature.
- in office : persons who ran the administration without having been appointed governor.
- Conselho Governativo : Governing Council. In cases in which the governor died or was no longer available for other reasons, local dignitaries temporarily took over government in a council.
- gi (Governador internio): interim governor.
- eg (encarregado do governo): in charge of the government
- † : died in office
List of captains and captains general
Captains (Capitão) | |
---|---|
1571 -? | Aires Saldanha |
1575 or 1576 | Duarte da Costa |
1587-1590 | Antonio Viegas |
1591–? | Gaspar da Silva |
1595-1600 | Antonio Andria |
1601-1603 | Jerónimo Correia da Silva |
March 23, 1605 | Salvador Correira da Costa |
1613 | Manuel Álvares |
1618–? | Antonio de Sá |
? | Gonçalo de Proença |
1632 | Francisco Pereira da Cunha |
1632-1634 | Estacio Pereira |
1634-1642 | Francisco Fernandes |
1642–? | Antonio Carneiro de Sequeira |
1646–? | João Calaça Tenreiro |
1647-1649 | Antonio de Sao Jacinto |
1651-1652 | Francisco Caneiro de Sequeira |
1652-1665 | Simão Luis |
Captains General (Capitão-Mor) | |
1665 † | Simão Luis died before the official inauguration. |
1666-1669 | António da Hornay 1st term |
1669-1670 | Fernão Martins da Ponte |
1671–1673 † | Mateus da Costa |
1673 | Manuel da Costa Viera interim |
1673–1693 † | António da Hornay 2nd term |
1693-1694 | Father António de Madre de Deus |
1694-1696 | Francisco da Hornay |
1697–1722 (?) † | Domingos da Costa 1714 - 1718 governor |
1722-1730 | Francisco da Hornay II |
1730-1734 | João Cave |
1734–1749 † | Gaspar da Costa |
1749 / 51-1757 | João da Hornay |
1757-1777 | Francisco da Hornay III. and Domingos da Costa II (until 1772) |
1782-1796 | Pedro da Hornay |
List of governors
Portuguese colony , under the sovereignty of Portuguese India | |
---|---|
1696-1697 | António de Mesquita Pimentel appointed in 1695 |
1698 | André Coelho Vieira does not take up office |
February 20, 1702-1705 | António Coelho Guerreiro removed from office prematurely |
1705 | Manuel de Santo António Bishop of Malacca, in charge, 1st term |
1705-1706 | Lourenço Lopes office leader |
1706-1708 | Manuel Ferreira de Almeida 1st term; not on the official list |
1708-1710 | Jácome de Morais Sarmento |
1710-1714 | Manuel de Souto-Maior |
1714–1715 † | Manuel Ferreira de Almeida 2nd term |
1715-1718 | Domingos da Costa |
1718-1719 | Francisco de Melo e Castro |
1719-1722 | Manuel de Santo António Bishop of Malacca, in office, 2nd term |
1722-1725 | Antonio de Albuquerque Coelho |
1725-1728 | António Moniz de Macedo 1st term |
1728-1731 | Pedro de Melo |
1731-1734 | Pedro de Rego Barreto da Gama e Castro |
1734-1741 | António Moniz de Macedo 2nd term |
1741-1745 | Manuel Leonís de Castro |
1745-1748 | Francisco Xavier Doutel |
1748–1751 † | Manuel Correia de Lacerda |
1751 | Conselho Governativo , administered by Father Jacinto da Conceição and João da Hornay |
May 2, 1751 - 1756 | Manuel Doutel de Figueiredo Sarmento |
1756-1759 | Vicento Ferreira de Carvalho |
1759-1760 | Sebastião de Azevedo e Brito deported |
1760-1761 | Conselho Governativo with Brother Jacinto da Conceição, Vicente Ferreira de Carvalho and Dom José von Alas |
1762-1763 | Conselho Governativo with brother Francisco de Purificação and Francisco da Hornay III. |
1763 - November 28, 1765 † | Dionísio Gonçalves Rebelo Galvão murdered |
1765-1768 | Conselho Governativo , administered by the Dominican monks António de São Boaventura and José Rodrigues Pereira |
1768-1776 | Antonio José Teles de Meneses |
1776 - June 15, 1779 | Caetano de Lemos Telo de Meneses recalled prematurely |
1779-1782 | Lourenço de Brito Correia |
1782-1785 | João Anselmo de Almeida Soares |
1785-1788 | João Baptista Vieira Godinho prematurely recalled |
1788-1790 | Feliciano António Nogueira Lisboa removed from office prematurely |
1790-1794 | Joaquim Xavier de Morais Sarmento |
1794-1800 | João Baptista Verquaim |
1800-1803 | José Joaquim de Sousa |
1803-1807 | João Vicente Soares da Veiga |
1807-1810 | António de Mendonça Côrte-Real |
1810 † | António Botelho Homem Bernardes Pessoa |
1810-1812 | Conselho Governativo with brother José de Anunciação, Dom Gregório Rodrigues Pereira von Motael and tenente-coronel Joaquim António Veloso |
March 7, 1812 - May 22, 1815 | Vitorino (Vitorio?) Freire da Cunha Gusmão |
May 22, 1815 - 1820 † | José Pinto Alcoforado e Sousa |
1820 | Conselho Governativo with António Caetano Diniz, Father Bartolomeu Pereira and Dom Gregório Rodrigues Pereira of Motael |
1820-1821 | Conselho Governativo with António Caetano Diniz and Father Bartolomeu Pereira |
1821–1832 † | Manuel Joaquim de Matos Góis |
1832 | Conselho Governativo with Francisco Inácio de Seabra , brother Vicente Ferreira Varela and José Pereira de Azevedo |
1832 † | Miguel da Silveira Lorena |
1832-1834 | Conselho Governativo with brother Vicente Ferreira Varela |
June 3, 1834 - January 22, 1839 | José Maria Marques |
January 22, 1839 - February 7, 1844 | Frederico Leão Cabreira de Brito Alvelos Drago Valente |
Portuguese colony, ruled by Macau from September 20, 1844 |
|
February 7, 1844 - August 22, 1848 | Julião José da Silva Vieira possibly since 1842 |
August 22, 1848 - March 24, 1851 † | António Olavo Monteiro Tôrres |
March 24 - June 23, 1851 | Conselho Governativo |
Portuguese colony, independent autonomous province from October 30, 1850 |
|
June 23, 1851 - September 8, 1852 | José Joaquim Lopes de Lima |
Portuguese colony, ruled by Macau from September 15, 1851 |
|
September 8, 1852-1856 | Manuel de Saldanha da Gama |
Portuguese colony, ruled by Goa from September 25, 1856 |
|
1856 - April 29, 1859 | Luís Augusto de Almeida Macedo |
April 29, 1859 - 1861 | Afonso de Castro Appointed: 1858 |
1861-1862 | Duarte João Cabeira in charge |
1862-1863 | Afonso de Castro |
1863-1864 | José Manuel Pereira de Almeida |
Portuguese colony, independent autonomous province from September 17, 1863 |
|
1864 (2 months) | Conselho Governativo |
1864-1865 | José Eduardo da Costa Meneses ( alternative name: José Eduardo da Costa Moura , service discontinued due to illness) |
1865 | Conselho Governativo |
Portuguese colony, under the sovereignty of Macau from November 26, 1866 |
|
1865-1869 | Francisco Teixeira da Silva |
1869-1870 | António Joaquim Garcia office leader |
1870 | Pedro Carlos de Aguiar Craveiro Lopes in charge |
1870-1871 | João Clímaco de Carvalho |
1871 - August 30, 1873 | Manuel de Castro Sampeio |
August 30, 1873 - 1876 | Hugo Goodair de Lacerda Castelo Branco 1st term |
1876-1878 | Joaquim António da Silva Ferrão |
1878-1880 | Hugo Goodair de Lacerda Castelo Branco 2nd term |
1880-1881 | Augusto César Cardoso de Carvalho |
1881-1882 | José dos Santos Vaquinhas |
1882-1883 | Bento da França Pinto de Oliveira |
1883 | Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa 1st term, in office |
1883 | Francisco de Paula Luz office leader |
1883-1885 | João Maria Pereira |
1885 | Cipriano Forjaz in charge |
1885 - March 3, 1887 † | Alfredo de Lacerda Maia |
1887 | Conselho Governativo |
1887 | António Joaquim Garcia 2nd term, gi |
March 30, 1887 - December 7, 1888 | António Francisco da Costa Arrival in August, early return |
1888-1889 | Rafael Jácome Lopes de Andrade |
1889-1890 | Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa 2nd term, in office |
1890-1894 | Cipriano Forjaz in office as government secretary , from 1891 second term as governor |
1894 | Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa 3rd term, in office |
Administration as an independent colony from October 15, 1896 |
|
1894-1908 | José Celestino da Silva |
1908 | Jaime Augusto da Rocha Viera office leader |
1908-1909 | Eduardo Augusto Marques |
August 1909 - February 1910 | Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro 1st term |
February 5 - October 30, 1910 | Alfredo Cardoso de Soveral Martins |
October 30, 1910 - December 22, 1910 | Anselmo Augusto Coelho de Carvalho g.i. |
December 22, 1910-1911 | José Carrazeda de Sousa Caldas Vianna e Andrade g.i. |
1911-1913 | Filomeno da Câmara de Melo Cabral 1st term, appointed as early as 1910. |
1913-1914 | Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro gi, 2nd term |
1914-1917 | Filomeno da Cámara de Melo Cabral 2nd term |
1917 | César de Abreu e.g. |
1917 | José Machado Duarte Junior g.i. |
1917-1919 | Luís Augusto de Oliveira Franco 1st term of office, gi |
1919-1920 | Manuel Paulo de Sousa Gentil |
February 14, 1920 - June 11, 1921 | Luís Augusto de Oliveira Franco 2nd term of office, eg |
June 11, 1921 - July 7, 1921 | Manuel José de Meneses Fernandes Costa office leader |
July 7th - July 11th 1921 | José de Paiva Gomes 1st term, in office |
July 11, 1921 - November 9, 1921 | Manuel José de Meneses Fernandes Costa office leader |
November 9 - November 14, 1921 | Humberto dos Santos Leitão 1st term of office, eg |
1921-1923 | José de Paiva Gomes 2nd term |
April 27, 1923 - October 16, 1924 | Humberto dos Santos Leitão 2nd term of office, eg |
October 16, 1924 - July 1, 1926 | Raimundo Enes Meira |
June 30th - September 30th 1926 | Conselho Governativo with Eduardo Rodrigues Areosa Feio as chairman. |
September 30, 1926-1928 | Teófilo Duarte |
1929-1930 | Cesário Augusto de Almeida Viana |
1930-1933 | Antonio Baptista Justo |
1933 | Miguel Xavier dos Martires Dias e.g. |
1933-1934 | José Luís Fontoura de Sequeira g.i. |
1934-1937 | Raúl de Antas Manso Preto Mendes Cruz |
1937-1940 | Álvaro Eugénio Neves de Fontoura |
1940-1945 | Manuel de Abreu Ferreira de Carvalho |
1941/1942 - 1945 | Occupation by Japan in World War II |
Portuguese colony | |
December 8, 1945 - 1950 | Óscar Freire de Vasconcelos Ruas |
Portuguese overseas province from 1951 | |
December 31, 1950 - July 14, 1958 | César Maria de Serpa Rosa |
July 14, 1958 - June 1959 | Manuel Albuquerque Gonçalves de Aguiar e.g. |
June 1959 - February 3, 1963 | Filipe José Freire Temudo Barata |
1963 | Francisco António Pires Barata e.g. |
1963-1968 | José Alberty Correia |
1968-1972 | José Nogueira Valente Pires |
Portuguese autonomous region from 1972 | |
January 1972 - July 15, 1974 | Fernando Alves Aldeia |
July 15, 1974 - November 14, 1974 | Níveo Herdade Governador delegado |
November 14, 1974 - April 25, 1976 |
Mário Lemos Pires left Dili on August 26, 1975 |
See also
literature
- Monika Schlicher: Portugal in East Timor. A critical examination of the Portuguese colonial history in East Timor from 1850 to 1912. Aberag, Hamburg 1996. ISBN 3-934376-08-8
- António Henrique de Oliveira Marques : History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 385). Translated from the Portuguese by Michael von Killisch-Horn. Kröner, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-520-38501-5 .
Web links
- Geoffrey C. Gunn: History of Timor. Technical University of Lisbon (PDF file; 805 kB)
Individual evidence
- ^ Photo from 1965–1967
- ↑ Schlicher, p. 137
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Marques, AH de Oliveira: História de Portugal , Volume II, Lisbon, Palas Editores, 1984, p. 474. ( Memento des Originals from January 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Geoffrey C. Gunn: Historical Dictionary of East Timor , p. 181
- ^ Gunn: History of Timor , p. 20
- ↑ a b c Chronologie de l'histoire du Timor (1512-1945) suivie des événements récents (1975-1999) (French; PDF file; 867 kB)
- ↑ Hans Hägerdal: Rebellions or factionalism? Timorese forms of resistance in an early colonial context, 1650-1769 ( Memento of the original dated December 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d Regnal chronologies: Southeast Asia: the Islands
- ^ Gunn: History of Timor , pp. 40ff
- ↑ Hans Hägerdal: Lord of the country
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap Hans Hägerdal: Governors of Portuguese Timor to 1832 ; Sources: Artur Teodoro de Matos: Timor Portugues, 1515-1769 (Lisboa 1974), Affonso de Castro: As possessões portuguezas na Oceania (1867) and Luna de Oliveira: Timor na historia de Portugal (1940s)
- ^ A b Carlos Alexandre Morais: Cronologia geral da Índia Portuguesa: 1498-1962, Editorial Estampa, 1997. Page 135
- ↑ a b Dutch Portuguese Colonial History ( Memento of the original from April 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Italian), confirmed by the processes described in "History of Timor"
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk Schlicher, Appendix II ; Source: Gonçalo Pimenta de Castro: Timor , pp. 44–162 and Marques, AH de Oliveira: História de Portugal, Volume III, Lisbon, Palas Editores, 1984, pp. 627/628.
- ↑ a b c Fernando Augusto de Figueiredo: Timor. A presença portuguesa (1769-1945) (PDF file; 66.2 MB)
- ↑ a b c d e f g Worldstatesmen: East Timor
- ↑ a b Eduardo da Costa , Biblioteca Colonial Portuguesa, 1938 ( Memento from May 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 10.4 MB)
- ^ René Pélissier : Portugais et Espagnols en "Océanie". Deux Empires: confins et contrastes ( Memento of the original from April 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Éditions Pélissier, Orgeval 2010.
- ↑ Agência Ecclesia: Expulsão dos Jesuítas e das religiosas Canossianas de Timor em 1910 ( Memento of the original from November 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b Ernest Chamberlain: Rebellion, Defeat and Exile - The 1959 Uprise in East Timor , 2009, revisid second edition , accessed December 8, 2012
- ↑ Heike Krieger: East Timor and the international community: basic documents , (1996), ISBN 0-521-58134-6
- ↑ Cronologia do ano de 1974 - XXXI
- ↑ Academia de Marinha: Timor 1973/75 - Recordações de um Marinheiro , July 2012 , accessed on October 15, 2018.