Filomeno da Câmara de Melo Cabral

Filomeno da Câmara de Melo Cabral (born February 10, 1873 in Ponta Delgada , Azores , Portugal , † January 27, 1934 in Lisbon ) was a Portuguese officer, colonial administrator and politician.

family

Filomeno da Câmara de Melo Cabral was the son of Filomeno da Câmara Velho de Melo Cabral , doctor and later dean of the University of Coimbra , and Maria Ana da Mota Gama Portocarrero . He had two sisters. Filomeno was married twice; first marriage to Maria Amália Correia Possolo Gama Noronha . From this marriage the son Filomeno de Noronha Melo Cabral da Camara was born. The daughter Maria Augusta da Câmara Gomes comes from the second marriage with Elvira Adelaide de Bolhões Maldonado .

Life

In November 1890 he entered the Navy. In 1895 Cabral became a lieutenant and was posted to various posts in the colonies of Portugal. In 1902 he was promoted to first lieutenant.

Manufahi rebellion 1911 to 1912

In 1910, Cabral was the first to be dispatched by the Republic as governor of Portuguese Timor . In 1911 he arrived in the colony. During his term of office, the Timorese's greatest uprising against the Portuguese colonial rulers, the Manufahi rebellion led by Boaventura, took place . Cabral led the campaign against Boaventura and was finally able to take him prisoner. In August 1912 the state of emergency for the colony was lifted again. During the war there was the massacre on Mount Leolaco , in which the Portuguese troops killed 3,000 encircled Timorese, including women and children. Overall, it is estimated that 15,000 to 25,000 people died as a result of the Manufahi rebellion. It was the first such incident in Portuguese colonial history , and other such massacres followed in the Portuguese colonies in Africa. In 1913, Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro took over the post of governor until Cabral took the post again in 1914. Due to the First World War , he remained in office until 1917. At the beginning Portugal was neutral. When the German cruiser Emden appeared off the eastern tip of Timor in August 1914 , Cabral reacted quite aggressively. He let the chief of the Tutuala post go on board the Emden and instructed the ship to leave Portuguese waters immediately. There were no fighting in the colony even after Portugal entered the war in 1916 on the side of the Entente .

Cabral shaped the colony with his reforms until the 1940s. He tried to circumvent the power of the Liurais ( Timorese kings ) by using the sucos as the first colonial administrative level, bypassing the traditional rulers. In addition, one level above the civil administration was divided between the 15 military commanderships and the Liurais were subordinated to the military commanders. In 1915 Cabral was first promoted to lieutenant captain ( capitão-tenente ), in 1917 to frigate captain ( capitão-de-fragata ). In 1918/1919 he was Governor General of the Portuguese colony of Angola .

In the years that followed, the Portuguese Republic became increasingly unstable. Cabral joined the conservative Republican wing. He was one of the leaders of the Cruzada Nuno Álvares and played an important role in the failed coup attempt by parts of the army on April 18, 1925. Surprisingly, they were acquitted before the military court. Her defense attorney had argued:

“These officers are guilty, but they deserve no punishment. The fatherland is terminally ill, they just wanted to save it. "

In the same year Cabral became a member of Parliament for Ponta Delgada for the Partido Nacional Republicano .

On May 28, 1926, Cabral took part in the coup d'état that put an end to the first republic of Portugal and paved the way for the dictatorship of the Estado Novo . He belonged to the Conservatives under General Sinel de Cordes . From June 19, 1926 to July 9, 1926, Cabral was Finance Minister of the Provisional Government under General Gomes da Costa .

In 1929 he was promoted to captain ( capitão-de-mar-e-guerra ). In the same year he tried to put a coup against the Ditadura Nacional in order to strengthen the authoritarian structures along the lines of the European right. He was intended by the putschists for the office of dictatorial head of state. The coup failed, after which Cabral was sent into exile. As High Commissioner he was again responsible for the colony of Angola. However, his style of government was so authoritarian that he sparked an uprising in Angola and was therefore deposed.

In 1931 he returned to active service in the Navy and received the rank of commodore.

Awards

Cabral was a bearer of the Order of the Tower and the Sword , a Knight of Avis and the Order of Christ . In the 1930s the Portuguese renamed Same as Vila Filomeno da Câmara . But the name did not catch on and a few years after the Second World War , the old name was reverted to.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ geneall.net
2. ↑ ^{a b} Monika Schlicher: Portugal in East Timor. A critical examination of the Portuguese colonial history in East Timor from 1850 to 1912 . Abera, Hamburg 1996, ISBN 3-931567-08-7 , ( Abera Network Asia-Pacific 4), (also: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 1994).
3. ↑ CAVR report from 2005: Part 3: The History of the Conflict (PDF; 1.3 MB)
4. ↑ ANGOLA DO OUTRO LADO DO TEMPO ...
5. ↑ Fernando Augusto de Figueiredo: Timor. A presença portuguesa (1769-1945) , Universidade do Porto, 2004 (Portuguese, PDF; 69.4 MB).
6. ^ Portuguese Ministry of Finance
7. ↑ World Statesmen
8. ↑ Portuguese Ministry of Finance ( Memento of September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 215 kB)
9. ↑ Geoffrey Hull : The placenames of East Timor , in: Placenames Australia (ANPS): Newsletter of the Australian National Placenames Survey, June 2006, pp. 6 & 7, ( Memento of the original from February 14, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. accessed on September 28, 2014. 

predecessor	Office	successor
José Carrazeda de Sousa Caldas Vianna e Andrade	Governor of Portuguese Timor 1911–1913	Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro
Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro	Governor of Portuguese Timor 1914–1917	César de Abreu