Assassination attempt in Dili

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East Timor’s President José Ramos-Horta was seriously injured

On February 11, 2008, an attack on the President and Prime Minister of East Timor was carried out in Dili .

Men of the rebel Alfredo Reinado shot at the President and Nobel Peace Prize winner José Ramos-Horta and Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão . While Ramos-Horta was seriously injured, Gusmão escaped unharmed. Reinado and another assassin were killed, as a result of which the rebel movement collapsed. Some of the insurgents were captured over the next few weeks, with most surrendering by the end of April. The question of possible backers and financiers Reinados is unresolved.

prehistory

Australian troops en route to East Timor

In the spring of 2006, there was massive unrest in East Timor after almost half of the armed forces , around 600 soldiers , mutinied under the leadership of Lieutenant Gastão Salsinha .

The so-called petitioners complained that they were being discriminated against in the military as western East Timorese ( Kaladi ). They were joined by Major Alfredo Reinado with military police officers under his command. There were several skirmishes with units loyal to the government and the police, in which eight people were killed and 25 injured. Reinado was held directly responsible for these victims. Ethnic conflicts later broke out and street gangs rioted in several parts of the country. A total of 155,000 residents of the country had to flee their homes; in 2008, 100,000 were still living in refugee camps. In total, at least 37 people were killed in the course of the unrest.

The government of Marí Alkatiri ( FRETILIN ) had to resign and Ramos-Horta took over the post of Prime Minister until his election as president in 2007 . An international military mission led by Australia and a UN mission have since ensured law and order in the country. Reinado was temporarily in custody on charges of unauthorized possession of weapons, but was able to escape from prison with 56 supporters and then hid in the mountains in the west of the country. An attempt to gain access by Australian special forces in Same in March 2007 failed. While Reinado had expressed his confidence in Ramos-Horta and Xanana Gusmão, the then president, during the unrest, in the last few months before the attack he repeatedly threatened civil war and attacks on the state capital Dili if they did not resign. Reinado described the international troops as occupiers. On December 3, the trial of Reinado in his absence began at the district court in Dili. At the same time, Reinado made contradicting statements in an interview as to whether and under what conditions he would face the proceedings. In an interview that was also broadcast on YouTube , Reinado also accused Xanana Gusmão, who had since become Prime Minister, of being the main culprit for the 2006 unrest. The opposition FRETILIN used this to demand Gusmão's resignation. Several negotiations and meetings between Reinado and President Ramos-Horta were unsuccessful. The last meeting took place on January 13, when Reinado again refused to surrender his weapons. He insisted on having a right to self-defense. Reinado made a secret recording of this last conversation. The tapes were made public in August 2008.

At the beginning of February 2008, responsibility for the state capital Dili was returned to the national police for the first time . On February 6, 2008, Reinados men fired eight warning shots in the direction of an Australian patrol near Lauala . No one was injured, including in an explosion in an Australian military camp on February 6.

In the last few months before the attack, Malaysian UN police officers were warned that the rebels were planning "something big". However, since no further evidence could be found, no security measures were taken. The office of Attorney General Longuinhos Monteiro received a notice about movements of the rebel group on 8 February. However, there were no indications of attack plans, Monteiro later explained.

The assassination

Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão
The Toyota Land Cruiser in which Gusmão was attacked is on display in the Xanana Reading Room

According to the security personnel, the following sequence of events has been assumed so far: On February 11, 2008, President Ramos-Horta left his house in the east of the state capital Dili to do his morning jog on the beach. Two soldiers from the F-FDTL accompanied him. At 6:15 a.m. (local time) Reinado and six other rebels stormed the president's home. The assassins disarmed the two guards in the house and waited for Ramos-Horta to return. However, eight other security officers unexpectedly came into the house. They had arrived an hour early for the shift change. When they saw Reinado in the house, they opened fire and killed Reinado's personal bodyguard, former military policeman Leopoldino Exposto da Costa . Reinado gave the order “Respondez!” ( Return fire! ) Before he was hit three times and died. A firefight ensued.

Ramos-Horta heard gunshots near his house on the way back from the beach. He then ran back with his two bodyguards. As Ramos-Horta approached his house, he saw one of the armed rebels at his front door. The masked man raised his gun and when Ramos-Horta turned to flee, he was hit by two bullets. A bodyguard drove a car into the line of fire to protect the president. Lieutenant Celestino Fili Gama was hit twice by gunfire. An assassin was also critically wounded. The remaining assassins escaped, some injured in a car. Ramos-Horta was bleeding and alerted his army chief Taur Matan Ruak and his head of cabinet by phone .

João Carrascalão , Ramos-Horta's brother-in-law, criticized the fact that Ramos-Horta had not received medical care for an hour in his house, even though UN police officers were already there. The president's brother, Arsenio Ramos-Horta, who was also in his house during the attack, accused the UN police of not helping the injured José Ramos-Horta for half an hour. The UN denied the allegations. The emergency call reached the UN police at 6:59 a.m., a minute later two police units were on their way and arrived at 7:18 a.m. The trip usually takes a quarter of an hour, said a UN spokeswoman. Ramos-Horta was found within three minutes and was already two minutes later in an ambulance to an Australian military hospital. After his operation in Dili, he was flown to Darwin, Australia for medical treatment . Ramos-Horta was put to sleep ( sedation ) for ten days , but the injuries were no longer life-threatening. As his condition remained critical, Lieutenant Gama was also flown to Darwin for treatment.

At 7.45am, seven armed rebels knocked on the door of Prime Minister Gusmão's house. They said they were here to get the prime minister. However, Gusmão was not at home at the time, only Gusmão's wife Kirsty Sword Gusmão , with their three young children. Kirsty was hiding them under her beds when the gunmen broke into the house. Nothing happened to them. At the same time, fire opened from a car on Xanana Gusmão's motorcade. The two vehicles were hit by several bullets and the escort vehicle collided. The prime minister escaped the fire unharmed and fled with his driver on foot into the adjacent forest. Gusmão called the attacks a failed coup.

consequences

Memorial stone at the site of the attack on President Ramos-Horta

Ramos-Horta was hit twice in the chest and back, injuring his lungs and stomach. Ramos-Horta was released from the hospital on March 19 and returned to East Timor a month later. Before that, his house was cleansed of the evil spirits with an ancient Timorese ceremony. A chicken was killed to allow the spirit of Reinado to leave the house in peace. In mid-April, Lieutenant Gama came from the Darwin hospital. He still has several hundred fragments of the bullet that hit him in the head in the left hemisphere, but doctors believe he will be able to lead a normal life. The 32-year-old father of two still has problems speaking and some symptoms of paralysis.

Since the parliamentary president Fernando La Sama de Araújo was first in Portugal, his deputy Vicente da Silva Guterres took over the post of interim president according to the constitution until de Araújo's return on February 13th. Guterres and Gusmão declared a state of emergency for 48 hours and imposed a night curfew and a ban on demonstrations. Contrary to fears, however, the streets of Dili remained quiet. The state of emergency was extended several times until April 22, 2008. On April 23, it was again lifted in almost all of East Timor. Only in the district Ermera , where the remaining rebels were suspected, the state of emergency was initially made.

Former Prime Minister Alkatiri, General Secretary of the largest opposition party FRETILIN, called for early elections to overcome the “hopeless situation”. A MP from the Gusmãos CNRT party said the incidents had strengthened the ruling coalition . The party leader of the opposition party UNDERTIM Cornélio da Conceição Gama expressed his grief.

The UN Security Council , the European Union , the People's Republic of China , Australia, Indonesia and the United States condemned the attack. Australia sent an additional 200 men to reinforce its 800 ISF men. The ISF, PNTL and F-FDTL began Operation Halibur to hunt down the rebels who were still on the run.

Reinado had sympathizers with many young unemployed people. Several hundred gathered in front of Reinado's house in Dili on February 13, when his coffin covered with the flag of East Timor and Tai arrived, and shouted “Viva Reinado”. In the presence of his followers, he was buried behind his house.

On February 21, Bernardo da Costa surrendered with five other men. Salsinha surrendered his weapons to the authorities with eleven rebels on April 29. This also ended the emergency in Ermera.

Those petitioners who were not arrested were taken to Aitarak Laran, the government assembly point in Dili. Here they negotiated with the government to resolve the conflict. Of the total of 685 petitioners, only 80 wanted to return to the armed forces, most wanted to switch to civilian life. Prime Minister Gusmão ruled out a return of the petitioners to the armed forces. Finally, the petitioners agreed to forego a return and switch to civilian life for $ 8,000 per capita.

Investigations

An autopsy of the rebels killed in the attack suggests that they were executed. Leopoldino was therefore hit in the back of the head at close range. Four injuries were found in Reinado, suggesting that the shooter was 30 centimeters away and not ten meters, as it was previously officially called. It could not be clarified whether Reinado had consumed alcohol or drugs , as there were no testing facilities in Dili. In addition, a ballistic investigation showed that Reinado and Leopoldino were not shot with the same weapon, which also contradicts the statements of the guards. The weapon also does not appear to be among the rifles examined. The army did not hand over all firearms used that day for inspection, which should now be made up. Basically, according to the report, the type of weapon with which the rebels were shot cannot be determined at the moment, as the bullets have broken into many fragments. Prosecutor General Longuinhos Monteiro doubted the accuracy of the report, so the investigations were repeated again.

Lieutenant Gastão Salsinha was suspected of leading the attack on Gusmão and his family. He initially denied the allegations in telephone interviews. "If we had planned an ambush on the prime minister, he would not have escaped," Salsinha told the BBC. Reinado saw Ramos-Hortas breach his promise that the rebels would have a safe place in Gleno for the time being , but then they clashed with the Australian military patrol on February 5. Gusmão undermined Reinado's authority when he gave 90 rebels under Major Augusto Tara a safe refuge in a guarded house in Aitarak Laran / Dili to negotiate with them to end the rebellion.

Arsenio Ramos-Horta reported that the president named the shooter a month after the attack. Accordingly, it should have been Marcelo Caetano , one of the petitioners, who shot José Ramos-Horta. Caetano was wounded in a shooting in 2006 during the riot in Tasitolu . Ramos-Horta made sure that Caetano was operated on by the best doctors in the country. He then spent some time at the Ramos-Hortas house to recover. The politician Mário Viegas Carrascalão reported on a sick visit that Ramos-Horta had recognized the shooter but could not remember his name. After Caetano surrendered to the authorities in April, Ramos-Horta confirmed again that he was not the shooter. The President initially denied the press reports that the shooter had been identified, but later stated that he wanted to give him the opportunity to make a confession to the authorities himself. It was not until March 5, 2009 that Ramos-Horta declared that he had now clearly identified Caetano as a shooter.

Accusations were raised against UNMIT because the attackers had the opportunity to drive to the capital without being checked. It was later revealed that the rebel cars had government license plates on them. The protective measures for President Ramos-Horta were rather weak as he never felt threatened. In addition, he only allowed local security guards. A forged paper in which the FRETILIN allegedly advertised ten million US dollars for the murder of Ramos-Horta and Gusmão caused further unrest.

Attorney General Monteiro issued arrest warrants for 23 people in connection with the attacks. Ten of them were directly involved in the attacks, the other supporters. In the meantime, Lieutenant Salsinha had declared himself the new chief of the rebels.

On February 18, spokeswoman and lover Reinados, 38-year-old East Timorese Angelita Pires , was arrested. Pires grew up in Darwin and is an Australian citizen. She is said to have given Reinado shelter before the attack. After interrogation, Pires was released and placed under house arrest after leaving her passport. She had testified that she had only had lunch with Reinado the day before. She would have known nothing of his further plans. Reinado's men saw Pires as an ambitious woman who wanted to be as close to power as possible. According to the statements of captured rebels and Lepoldino's widow, she is said to have sent Reinado to Ramos-Horta's house. Leopoldino had been with his wife the night before and said that Pires had arranged a meeting with the president.

On March 2nd, Amaro Susar da Costa surrendered to the authorities in Turiscai . He said he was involved in the incident at Ramos-Horta's house. Other rebels who are said to have been involved in the attack surrendered in the weeks that followed. Four were arrested by Indonesian police in West Timor . In addition to Susar, Caetano, Leopoldino and Reinado, the other members of the group are said to have been with Ramos-Horta Asanku and Lay . One of the president's bodyguards, Albino Asis, who was a former military policeman under Reinado, is said to have made a drawing of the interior of the Ramos-Hortas house for the rebels. It was found in Reinado's pockets. Asis was in contact with Reinado via cell phone during his escape. Records of the connections prove this.

On March 18, it was announced that exactly 30,000 US dollars had been found in 100-dollar bills on Reinado's body, which once again fueled rumors and suspicions about the people behind the rebel. While Reinado's attorney Benny Benevides assumes that the money was only slipped into the dead person, Longuinhos Monteiro claims that the attorney general has information that Angelita Pires gave Reinado the money. She denied this, but at the end of April Pires found $ 800,000 in an account at Darwin Commonwealth Bank, Australia , and another $ 200,000 had already been withdrawn.

Timor expert Damien Kingsbury assumes that Reinado had financial and material support from politically high-ranking backers. According to rumors, Jakarta- born Hercules Rosario Marçal , who lives in Timor, is suspected of having financed Reinado. Hercules is said to have had close ties to Indonesian generals during the Suharto period and is accused by the UN of being involved in the violent rioting in 1999. Hercules visited Dili together with the Indonesian Investor Club shortly before the attacks.

Leandro Isaac suspects that the rebel chief had originally planned to kidnap the president and murder the prime minister in order to force new elections. The constitution provides for mandatory new elections in the event of the Prime Minister's death. Isaac was a Member of Parliament from 2001 to 2007. In early 2007 he stayed with Reinado and his men for a while to give him political support. He later separated from them again because he did not share their plans for an armed revolt. He assumed that Ramos-Horta should be used as leverage to force the foreign troops to withdraw from East Timor. Reinado saw in their presence the source of injustice for the people of East Timor. In Reinado's eyes, however, the president was not the great enemy, as Ramos-Horta was always ready to negotiate. He agreed to Reinado's demands for a fair military tribunal and the later establishment of a military battalion only from Kaladi. According to Isaac, Reinado's attack on two of the country's most popular politicians cost him a lot of sympathy, which he had as a freedom hero, because Reinado's supporters also voted Ramos-Horta and Gusmão last year. Therefore, the supporters did not react in the days after the attack. They are sad and confused. “They supported Alfredo, but Alfredo tried to kill their beloved leaders.” Reinado's death also weakened his followers militarily. Their strength would be in no comparison to the F-FDTL and the ISF.

Legal proceedings

On March 3, 2009, Angelita Pires, 23 rebels and four of their relatives were charged in connection with the assassination attempt. Pires was still considered to be the initiator of the attack. She was accused of having Reinado day before methamphetamine (Ice) given to make him fearless, and after another illustration, a cannabis cigarette to manipulate him. The public prosecutor initially demanded three years' imprisonment for her. Marcelo Caetano was charged as the shooter who shot Ramos-Horta.

The trial began on July 13, 2009. It was re-confirmed that the Australian Federal Police's ballistic investigations revealed that Reinado was not killed with the gun owned by security guard Francisco Lino Marçal, who alleged it was. Both dead rebels were not killed with the security guards' NATO ammunition and also with various weapons. Since the bullets, unlike NATO ammunition, splintered, it is no longer possible to determine from what type of weapon they were fired. Only President Ramos-Horta was hit by bullets from NATO ammunition. None of the three weapons had been found by then. Caetano again denied being the shooter. Also, none of the rebels were masked, as the shooter should have been.

At the end of the trial, the public prosecutor Felismino Cardoso demanded imprisonment of 10 to 20 years for those accused who allegedly participated in the assassination attempt on Ramos-Horta. Two suspected Gusmãos attackers were jailed for 12 years. The prosecutor demanded 20 years for Pires, as well as for the alleged shooter Caetano. Salsinha was to have ten years. In front of the press, defense attorney Andre Fernandes called all the defendants innocent and asked for their release. Salsinha, Caetano and Pires pleaded not guilty. Salsinha's defense attorney, José Pedro Camoes, even questioned the attack on Ramos-Horta and asked the president to show his scars in court. The maximum permissible sentence in East Timor is 25 years in prison. The East Timor constitution forbids a life sentence.

The verdicts were passed on March 3, 2010. Angelita Pires and three other people were acquitted. 24 defendants received prison terms. Salsinha was sentenced to ten years and eight months in prison. It was considered proven that he was involved in the ambush on Gusmão. Caetano received the highest sentence at 16 for participating in the raid on the presidential residence. However, it was considered proven that he was not the shooter who shot Ramos-Horta down. The shortest sentence imposed was nine years and four months. It remained unclear who fired at Ramos-Horta and who shot Reinado and his bodyguard. The evidence contradicts, according to the court, the version of the security guards who said Francisco Marçal was the shooter.

On August 24, 2010, President Ramos-Horta pardoned all those convicted.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung, February 11, 2008, President Ramos-Horta in critical condition
  2. ↑ daily newspaper of May 23, 2008, Ramos-Horta seriously injured
  3. ↑ AFTER AN ATTENTION ON PRESIDENT RAMOS-HORTA - Government in East Timor declares a state of emergency
  4. ^ Sources for the following section in the articles Unrest in East Timor 2006 and on Alfredo Reinado
  5. ↑ BBC, February 11, 2008, Who are East Timor's rebel soldiers?
  6. ↑ Henri Myrttinen: Timor Leste - A Kaleidoscope of Conflicts (2007)
  7. ↑ The Australian: August 22, 2008, The Reinado Tapes ( Memento from September 17, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  8. ↑ a b c d The Age, February 11, 2008, Critical Ramos Horta on life support
  9. ^ Sydney Morning Herald, February 10, 2008, MP accuses diggers over Reinado fracas , accessed January 9, 2015.
  10. ↑ The Age, February 14, 2008, Rebels 'meant to abduct leaders'
  11. ↑ a b Rudd issues warning to Timor rebels. (No longer available online.) Bowral News, February 15, 2008, archived from the original on February 15, 2008 ; Retrieved February 8, 2014 .
  12. ↑ a b c TV Timor Leste, March 31, 2008, interview with José Ramos-Horta
  13. ^ Timor Online, February 12, 2008, East Timor: Chronology of attacks on PR and PM
  14. ↑ a b c d The Australian: February 13, 2008, Reinado's father in the dark over killing ( Memento from December 15, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  15. ↑ a b c d e f g Sinchew, February 14, 2008, East Timor: Timorese Rebels Stormed President's Compound Firing Guns, Shouting 'Traitor!'
  16. ↑ a b c The Australian: April 19, 2008, Timor rebel's lover blamed ( Memento from December 15, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  17. ↑ a b c The Age, March 15, 2008, With a bullet in his brain, a Timor soldier goes for fish'n'chips
  18. ^ A b c Sydney Morning Herald, February 12, 2008, Ramos-Horta braved rebels
  19. ↑ a b c TVNZ, February 14, 2008, Timor kidnap plot suspected ( Memento from May 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  20. ↑ The Australian: February 13, 2008, Reinado's father in the dark over killing ( Memento from December 15, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  21. ↑ BBC, February 14, 2008, UN East Timor police called "cowards"
  22. ↑ CNN, February 22, 2008, E. Timor seeks to extend emergency rule
  23. ^ A b NASDAQ, February 13, 2008, E Timor President Could Be Home In 3 Weeks, Say Doctors -AFP
  24. ^ The Age, Feb. 16, 2008, Man on a deadly mission
  25. ^ Sydney Morning Herald, Feb. 18, 2008, Call for helicopter ignored
  26. ↑ a b Herald Sun, February 12, 2008, Australia to send rescue force after Ramos-Horta attacks
  27. ↑ Reuters, February 12, 2008, East Timor president stable, needs more surgery
  28. ^ The Age on March 19, 2008: Teary Ramos Horta leaves hospital
  29. ^ CNN, March 19, 2008, East Timor president discharged from hospital
  30. ↑ reuters.com, April 17, 2008, ETimor President Ramos-Horta returns home
  31. ^ Sydney Morning Herald, April 14, 2008, Home exorcised as Ramos-Horta prepares to return
  32. ^ A b Reuters, February 12, 2008, TIMOR-LESTE: What prompted the assassination attempts?
  33. ↑ Timor-Online, February 11, 2008, COMUNICADO DE SUA EXCELÊNCIA, O PRESIDENTE DA REPÚBLICA INTERINO, DR.VICENTE DA SILVA GUTERRRES (Portuguese)
  34. ↑ Fernando “La Sama” assume presidência interina do Timor Leste. (No longer available online.) In: Empresa Brasil de Comunicação . February 13, 2008, archived from the original on January 4, 2016 ; Retrieved February 14, 2008 (Portuguese).
  35. ^ Theguardian.com, February 11, 2008, East Timor declares emergency after president shot . Retrieved February 12, 2008 .
  36. ↑ Reuters, February 13, 2008, East Timor seeking arrests over assassination attempts
  37. ^ BBC, February 23, 2008, East Timor extends emergency rule
  38. ↑ Radio Timor Leste, March 24, 2008, Lasama announces extension of 'State of Siege' and 'State of Emergency'
  39. ↑ My Sinchew, 23. April 2008, East Timor: East Timor Extends State Of Emergency In Rebel-plagued District ( Memento of 27 April 2008 at the Internet Archive )
  40. ↑ a b TVNZ, February 14, 2008, E. Timor extends state of emergency ( Memento from November 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  41. ↑ Suara Timor Lorosae, February 12, 2008, Xanana- Horta shot, Fretilin condemns attacks, L-7 sad:
  42. ↑ My Sinchew 14 February, 2008, Australia: Prime Minister To Visit East Timor To Lend Support After Attacks
  43. ^ BBC, February 11, 2008, Unrest fears after E Timor shooting
  44. ↑ Jacqueline Aquino Siapno: East Timor: How to Build a New Nation in South East Asia in the 21st Century ?. Institut de recherche sur l'Asie du Sud-Est contemporaine 2018, limited preview in the Google book search.
  45. ↑ BBC, April 29, 2008, E Timor rebel leader surrenders
  46. ^ Radio Timor-Leste, March 18, 2008, Petitioners respond to questionnaires
  47. ^ Timor Post, May 23, 2008, Only 80 petitioners still want to return to the military
  48. ↑ ABCnews, August 13, 2008, Autopsy finds Reinado may have been executed
  49. ↑ LUSA, February 10th 2009, Ballistics report contradicts the security of Ramos Horta
  50. ↑ BBC, February 15, 2008, E Timorese rebels deny murder bid
  51. ↑ Channel News Asia, March 13, 2008, Timor Leste president names rebel who shot him
  52. ^ The Age, July 4, 2009, Fresh doubts over Ramos Horta shooting
  53. ^ DPA, January 11, 2009, East Timor president recognizes the man who shot him
  54. ^ RTP, March 5th, 2009, O Presidente da República de Timor-Leste, José Ramos-Horta, disse hoje à Agência Lusa, em Díli, ter reconhecido o ex-militar Marcelo Caetano como o homem que atirou sobre ele. (Portuguese)
  55. ↑ Sydney Morning Herald, February 14, 2008, Plan was to kidnap, not assassinate
  56. ↑ abc.com, May 21, 2008, Ramos-Horta attack 'was coup attempt'
  57. ^ The Age, April 2, 2008, Pires admits she was Reinado's lover, but didn't influence him
  58. ↑ BBC, February 18, 2008, E Timor arrests Reinado 'lawyer'
  59. ↑ The Age, February 19, 2008, I've been framed, says Timor plot accused
  60. ^ South Coast Today, March 3, 2008, Man suspected of shooting East Timor's president is now in police custody
  61. ^ The West, March 3, 2008, Rebel's surrender a good sign: Gusmao
  62. ↑ ABCnews, April 21, 2008, E Timor thanks Indonesia for arresting attack suspects
  63. ↑ https://en.trend.az/world/other/1183877.html
  64. ↑ The Australian: March 18, 2008, Suspicions raised over Reinado's cash ( Memento from September 12, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  65. ↑ Sydney Morning Herald, April 21, 2008, Horta demands probe into rebel's money
  66. ↑ Bernd Musch-Borowska: Who wanted to kill the prime minister and the president? tagesschau.de archive, February 12, 2008, accessed on June 16, 2014 .
  67. ^ Timor Post, March 18, 2008, Possible inquiry into Hercules' links to February 11
  68. ↑ The Australian: April 8, 2008, Text of Jose Ramos Horta interview ( Memento from February 19, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  69. ↑ The Australian: March 3, 2009, Angelita Pires charged over Ramos Horta assassination bid ( Memento from September 11, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  70. ^ The Age, March 4, 2009, 28 charged over East Timor attacks
  71. ↑ Trial starts in ETimor for attack on president, PM . (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 24, 2013 ; Retrieved July 13, 2009 .
  72. ↑ The Australian: July 20, 2009, Guard's gun didn't kill Alfredo Reinado ( Memento from September 15, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  73. ↑ Up to 20 years sought for E Timor rebel defendants, February 19, 2010  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / newshopper.sulekha.com
  74. ^ Timor Newsline, February 22, 2010
  75. ↑ Yahoo news, March 3, 2010, East Timor convicts 24 rebels over murder plots
  76. ↑ Sydney Morning Herald, March 4, 2010, Lover acquitted over East Timor murder plot
  77. ↑ Sydney Morning Herald, March 5, 2010, Lindsey Murdoch: Attack on Timorese President unsolved
  78. ↑ Sydney Morning Herald, August 25, 2010, President pardons rebels who shot him