List of Heads of State 2001
Overview
◄◄ | ◄ | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | List of Heads of State 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | ► | ►►
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Africa
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Egypt
- Head of State: President Husni Mubarak (1981–2011) (1981–1982 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Atif Abaid (1999-2004)
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Algeria
- Head of State: President Abd al-Aziz Bouteflika (1999-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ali Benflis (2000–2003)
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Angola
- Head of State and Government: President José Eduardo dos Santos (1979–2017)
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Equatorial Guinea
- Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan (1996–4 March 2001)
- Prime Minister Cándido Muatetema Rivas (March 4, 2001-2004)
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Ethiopia
- Head of State:
- President Negasso Gidada (1995–8 October 2001)
- President Girma Wolde-Giorgis (October 8, 2001–2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Meles Zenawi (1995–2012) (1991–1995 President)
- Head of State:
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Benin
- Head of State and Government: President Mathieu Kérékou ( 1972–1991 , 1996–2006)
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Botswana
- Head of State and Government: President Festus Mogae (1998–2008)
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Burkina Faso
- Head of State: President Blaise Compaoré (1987-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paramanga Ernest Yonli (2000–2007)
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Burundi
- Head of State and Government: President Pierre Buyoya ( 1987–1993 , 1996–2003)
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Djibouti
- Head of State: President Ismail Omar Guelleh (since 1999)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Barkat Gourad Hamadou (1978–7 March 2001)
- Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita (March 7, 2001–2013)
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Ivory Coast
- Head of State: President Laurent Gbagbo (2000–2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pascal Affi N'Guessan (2000–2003)
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Eritrea
- Head of State and Government: President Isayas Afewerki (since 1993)
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Gabon
- Head of State: President Omar Bongo (1967–2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane (1999–2006)
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Gambia
- Head of State and Government: President Yahya Jammeh (1994–2017) (until 1996 Chairman of the Provisional Government Council of the Army)
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Ghana
- Head of State and Government:
- President Jerry Rawlings ( 1979 , 1981– Jan 7, 2001) (Chairman of the Provisional National Defense Council until 1993)
- President John Agyekum Kufuor ( Jan. 7, 2001–2009)
- Head of State and Government:
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Guinea
- Head of State: President Lansana Conté (1984–2008)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lamine Sidimé (1999-2004)
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Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State: President Kumba Ialá (2000-2003)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Caetano N'Tchama (2000–19 March 2001)
- Prime Minister Faustino Imbali (March 21, 2001 - December 9, 2001; 2019 )
- Prime Minister Alamara Nhassé (December 9, 2001–2002)
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Cameroon
- Head of State: President Paul Biya (since 1982)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Peter Mafany Musonge (1996-2004)
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Cape Verde
- Head of State:
- President António Monteiro (1991–22 March 2001)
- President Pedro Pires (March 22, 2001–2011) (Prime Minister 1975–1991)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Gualberto do Rosário (2000–1 February 2001)
- Prime Minister José Maria Neves (since February 1, 2001)
- Head of State:
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Kenya
- Head of State and Government: President Daniel Arap Moi (1978–2002)
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Comoros
- Head of State: President Azali Assoumani (1999–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hamada Madi (2000–2002) (2002 President)
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Democratic Republic of the Congo (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1971–1997 Zaïre )
- Head of State and Government:
- President Laurent-Désiré Kabila (1997-2001)
- President Joseph Kabila (January 17, 2001–2019) (acting until January 26, 2001)
- Head of State and Government:
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Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; 1970–1992 People's Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State and Government: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso ( 1979–1992 , since 1997)
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Lesotho
- Head of State: King Letsie III. ( 1990–1995 , since 1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bethuel Pakalitha Mosisili (1998–2012, 2015–2017 )
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Liberia
- Head of State or Government: President Charles Taylor (1997–2003)
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Libya
- Revolutionary leader: Muammar al-Gaddafi (1969–2011) (1969–1979 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
- Head of State: General Secretary of the General People's Congress Zantani Muhammad az-Zantani (1992-2008)
- Head of Government: General Secretary of the General People's Committee Mubarak Abdallah asch-Shamich (2000–2003) (2009–2010 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
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Madagascar
- Head of State: President Didier Ratsiraka ( 1975–1993 , 1997–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tantely Andrianarivo (1998–2002)
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Malawi
- Head of State and Government: President Bakili Muluzi (1994-2004)
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Mali
- Head of State: President Alpha Oumar Konaré (1992–2002)
- Head of State: President Alpha Oumar Konaré (1992–2002)
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Morocco
- Head of State: King Mohammed VI. (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abderrahmane Youssoufi (1998–2002)
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Mauritania
- Head of State: President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya (1984–2005) (1981–1984, Prime Minister 1984–1992)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna ( 1996–1997 , 1998–2003)
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Mauritius
- Head of State: President Cassam Uteem (1992–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth ( 1982–1995 , 2000–2003, 2014–2017 ) (2003–2012 President)
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Mozambique
- Head of State: President Joaquim Alberto Chissano (1986-2005)
- Head of Government: v Pascoal Mocumbi (1994-2004)
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Namibia
- Head of State: President Sam Nujoma (1990-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hage Geingob (1990–2002, 2012–2015 ) (since 2015 President)
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Niger
- Head of State: President Tandja Mamadou (1999-2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hama Amadou ( 1995–1996 , 2000–2007)
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Nigeria
- Head of State and Government: President Olusegun Obasanjo ( 1976–1979 , 1999–2007)
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Rwanda
- Head of State: President Paul Kagame (since 2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bernard Makuza (2000–2011)
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Zambia
- Head of State or Government: President Frederick Chiluba (1991–2002)
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Sao Tome and Principe
- Head of State:
- President Miguel Trovoada ( 1991–1995 , 1995–2001) (1975–1979 Prime Minister)
- President Fradique de Menezes (September 3, 2001–2003, 2003–2011 )
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Guilherme Posser da Costa (1999–18 September 2001)
- Prime Minister Evaristo Carvalho ( 1994 , September 26, 2001–2002)
- Head of State:
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Senegal
- Head of State: President Abdoulaye Wade (2000–2012)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Moustapha Niasse ( 1983 , 2000–3 March 2001)
- Prime Minister Mame Madior Boye (March 3, 2001–2002)
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Seychelles
- Head of State and Government: President France-Albert René (1977–2004) (1976–1977 Prime Minister)
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Sierra Leone
- Head of State and Government: President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah ( 1996–1997 , 1998–2007)
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Zimbabwe
- Head of State and Government: President Robert Mugabe (1987–2017) (1980–1987 Prime Minister)
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Somalia
- Head of State: President Abdikassim Salat Hassan (2000-2004)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ali Khalif Galaid (2000–28 October 2001)
- Prime Minister Osman Jama Ali (October 28, 2001– November 12, 2001) (acting)
- Prime Minister Hassan Abshir Farah (November 12, 2001–2003)
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Somaliland (not internationally recognized)
- Head of State and Government: President Mohammed Haji Ibrahim Egal (1993–2002) (1967–1969 Prime Minister of Somalia)
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South Africa
- Head of State and Government: President Thabo Mbeki (1999–2008)
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Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Umar al-Bashir (1989–2019)
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Swaziland
- Head of State: King Mswati III. (since 1986)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini (1996–2003, 2008–2018 )
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Tanzania
- Head of State: President Benjamin Mkapa (1995-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Frederick Sumaye (1995-2005)
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Togo
- Head of State: President Gnassingbé Eyadéma (1967-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Agbéyomé Messan Kodjo (2000–2002)
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Chad
- Head of State: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nagoum Yamassoum (1999–2002)
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Tunisia
- Head of State: President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali (1987–2011) (Prime Minister 1987)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi (1999–2011)
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Uganda
- Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Apolo Nsibambi (1999–2011)
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Western Sahara (controversial)
- Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz (1976-2016) (in exile)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bouchraya Beyoun ( 1993–1995 , 1999–2003) (in exile)
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Central African Republic
- Head of State: President Ange-Félix Patassé (1993–2003) (Prime Minister 1976–1978)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Anicet Georges Dologuélé (1999–1 April 2001)
- Prime Minister Martin Ziguélé (April 1, 2001–2003)
America
North America
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Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
- Governor General : Adrienne Clarkson (1999–2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean Chrétien (1993-2003)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
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Mexico
- Head of State or Government: President Vicente Fox (2000–2006)
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United States of America
- Head of State and Government:
- President Bill Clinton (1993–20 January 2001)
- President George W. Bush (January 20, 2001–2009)
- Head of State and Government:
Central America
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Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
- Governor General James Carlisle (1993-2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lester Bird (1994-2004)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
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Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
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Governor General :
- Orville Alton Turnquest (1995-13 November 2001)
- Ivy Dumont (November 13, 2001-2005)
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Governor General :
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham (1992–2002, 2007–2012 )
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
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Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
- Governor General : Clifford Husbands (1996-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Owen Arthur (1994–2008)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
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Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
- Governor General : Colville Young (since 1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Said Musa (1998–2008)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
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Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: President Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría (1998–2002)
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Dominica
- Head of State: President Vernon Shaw (1998-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pierre Charles (2000-2004)
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Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Hipólito Mejía (2000-2004)
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El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Francisco Flores Pérez (1999-2004)
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Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
- Governor General : Daniel Williams (1996-2008)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Keith Mitchell (1995–2008, since 2013 )
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
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Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Alfonso Antonio Portillo Cabrera (2000–2004)
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Haiti
- Head of State:
- President René Préval (1996–7 February 2001, 2006–2011 )
- President Jean-Bertrand Aristide ( 1991, 1993–1994, 1994–1996 , February 7, 2001–2004)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Jacques-Édouard Alexis (1999–2 March 2001, 2006–2008 )
- Prime Minister Jean Marie Chérestal (March 2, 2001–2002)
- Head of State:
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Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Roberto Flores Facussé (1998–2002)
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Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
- Governor General : Howard Cooke (1991-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Percival J. Patterson (1992–2006)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
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Cuba
- Head of State and Head of Government: President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Fidel Castro (1976-2008) (1959-1976 Prime Minister)
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Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Arnoldo Alemán (1997–2002)
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Panama
- Head of State and Government: President Mireya Moscoso (1999-2004)
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St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
- Governor General : Cuthbert Sebastian (1996–2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Denzil Douglas (1995-2015)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
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St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
- Governor General : Dame Pearlette Louisy (1997-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kenneth Anthony (1997-2006, 2011-2016 )
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
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St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
- Governor General : Charles Antrobus (1996–2002)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Arnhim Ulric Eustace (2000–29 March 2001)
- Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves (since March 29, 2001)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
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Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State: President Arthur NR Robinson (1997–2003) (Prime Minister 1986–1991)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Basdeo Panday (1995–24 December 2001)
- Prime Minister Patrick Manning ( 1991–1995 , December 24, 2001–2010)
South America
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Argentina
- Head of State and Government:
- President Fernando de la Rúa (1999-2001)
- Senate President Ramón Puerta (December 21, 2001– December 23, 2001) (acting)
- President Adolfo Rodríguez Saá (December 23, 2001– December 31, 2001)
- President Eduardo Camaño (December 31, 2001–2002) (acting)
- Head of State and Government:
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Bolivia
- Head of State and Government:
- President Hugo Banzer Suárez ( 1971–1978 , 1997–7 August 2001)
- President Jorge Quiroga Ramírez (August 7, 2001–2002)
- Head of State and Government:
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Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995–2003)
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Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Ricardo Lagos Escobar (2000–2006)
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Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: President Gustavo Noboa (2000–2003)
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Guyana
- Head of State: President Bharrat Jagdeo (1999-2011) (1999 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sam Hinds ( 1992–1997, 1997–1999 , 1999–2015) (1997 President)
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Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Andrés Pastrana (1998–2002)
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Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Luis Ángel González Macchi (1999–2003)
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Peru
- Head of State:
- President Valentín Paniagua Corazao (2000–28 July 2001)
- President Alejandro Toledo (July 28, 2001-2006)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (2000–28 July 2001)
- Prime Minister Roberto Dañino Zapata (July 28, 2001–2002)
- Head of State:
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Suriname
- Head of State and Government: President Ronald Venetiaan ( 1991–1996 , 2000–2010)
- Head of Government: Vice-President Jules Ratankumar Ajodhia ( 1991–1996 , 2000–2005)
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Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Jorge Batlle Ibáñez (2000–2005)
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Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Hugo Chávez (1999–2002, 2002–2013 )
Asia
East, South and Southeast Asia
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Bangladesh
- Head of State:
- President Shahabuddin Ahmed ( 1990–1991 , 1996–14 November 2001)
- President AQM Badruddoza Chowdhury (November 14, 2001–2002)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina (1996–15 July 2001, since 2009 )
- Prime Minister Khaleda Zia ( 1991–1996 , July 15, 2001–2006)
- Head of State:
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Bhutan
- Head of State: King Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1972-2006)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Yeshey Zimba (2000–8 August 2001, 2004–2005 )
- Prime Minister Khandu Wangchuk (August 8, 2001–2002, 2007–2008 )
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Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)
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Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State: President Chen Shui-bian (2000–2008)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Chang Chun-hsiung (2000–2002, 2007–2008 )
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People's Republic of China
- Head of State: President Jiang Zemin (1993-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Zhu Rongji (1998-2003)
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India
- Head of State: President K. R. Narayanan (1997–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee ( 1996 , 1998-2004)
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Indonesia
- Head of State and Head of Government:
- President Abdurrahman Wahid (1999–23 July 2001)
- President Megawati Sukarnoputri (July 23, 2001-2004)
- Head of State and Head of Government:
-
Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Akihito (1989-2019)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Yoshirō Mori (2000–26 April 2001)
- Prime Minister Jun'ichirō Koizumi (April 26, 2001-2006)
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Cambodia
- Head of State: King Norodom Sihanouk ( 1941–1955 , 1993–2004) (1960–1970, 1975–1976, 1991–1993 President)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)
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North Korea
- Chairman of the National Defense Commission : Kim Jong-il (1994–2011)
- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Kim Yong-nam (since 1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hong Song-nam (1997-2003)
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South Korea
- Head of State: President Kim Dae-jung (1998–2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lee Han-dong (2000–2002)
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Laos
- Head of State: President Khamtay Siphandone (1998-2006)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Sisavath Keobounphanh (1998–27 March 2001)
- Prime Minister Boungnang Vorachith (March 27, 2001-2006)
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Malaysia
- Head of State:
- Supreme Ruler Salahuddin Abdul Aziz (1999–21 November 2001)
- Supreme Ruler Mizan Zainal Abidin (November 21, 2001– December 13, 2001, 2006–2011 ) (acting)
- Supreme Ruler Syed Sirajuddin (December 13, 2001-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad (1981–2003, 2018–2020 )
- Head of State:
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Maldives
- Head of State or Government: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1978–2008)
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Myanmar
- Head of State: Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development Than Shwe (1992–2011) (Prime Minister 1992–2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Than Shwe (1992–2003) (1992–2011 Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development)
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Nepal
- Head of State:
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala ( 1991–1994, 1998–1999 , 2000–26 July 2001, 2006–2008 )
- Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba ( 1995–1997 , July 26, 2001–2002, 2004–2005, 2017–2018 )
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Pakistan
- Head of State:
- President Mohammed Rafiq Tarar (1998– June 20, 2001)
- Pervez Musharraf (June 20, 2001–2008) (head of government 1999–2002)
- Head of Government: Chief Executive Pervez Musharraf (1999–2002) (2001–2008 President)
- Head of State:
-
Philippines
- Head of State and Government:
- President Joseph Estrada (1998– January 20, 2001)
- President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (January 20, 2001–2010)
- Head of State and Government:
-
Singapore
- Head of State: President Sellapan Ramanathan (1999-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong (1990-2004)
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Sri Lanka
- Head of State: President Chandrika Kumaratunga (1994–2005) (1994 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ratnasiri Wickremanayake (2000–9 December 2001, 2005–2010 )
- Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe ( 1993–1994 , December 9, 2001–2004, 2015–2018, 2018–2019 )
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Thailand
- Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai ( 1992–1995 , 1997–9 February 2001)
- Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra (February 9, 2001-2006)
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Vietnam
- Head of State: President Trần Đức Lương (1997-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Phan Văn Khải (1997-2006)
Middle East
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Armenia
- Head of State: President Robert Kocharyan (1998–2008) (1992–1994 Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh, 1994–1997 President of Nagorno-Karabakh, 1997–1998 Prime Minister of Armenia)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andranik Markarjan (2000–2007)
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Azerbaijan
- Head of State: President Heidar Aliyev (1993-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Artur Rasizadä (1996–2003, 2003–2018 )
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Nagorno Karabakh (not internationally recognized)
- Head of State: President Arkadi Ghukassjan (1997-2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Anuschawan Danieljan (1999–2007)
-
Bahrain
- Head of State: Emir Hamad bin Isa Al Chalifa (since 1999) (since 2002 King)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)
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Georgia
- Head of State: President Eduard Shevardnadze (1992-2003)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Giorgi Arsenishvili (2000–21 December 2001)
- Prime Minister Avtandil Jorbadze (December 21, 2001-2003)
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Abkhazia (not recognized internationally)
- Head of State: President Wladislaw Ardsinba (1992-2005)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Vyacheslav Zugba (1999 - June 2001)
- Prime Minister Anri Dschergenij (June 2001–2002)
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South Ossetia (not internationally recognized)
- Head of State:
- President Ludwig Tschibirow (1993–18 December 2001)
- President Eduard Kokoity (December 18, 2001–2011)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Merab Tschigojew (1998 – June 2001)
- Prime Minister Dmitri Sanakoyev (June 2001 – December 2001)
- Prime Minister Gerassim Khugayev ( 1991–1993 , December 2001–2003) (acting until January 9, 2002)
- Head of State:
-
Iraq
- Head of State and Government: President Saddam Hussein (1979-2003)
-
Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) (Prime Minister 1981–1989)
- Head of Government: President Mohammad Chātami (1997-2005)
-
Israel
- Head of State: President Moshe Katzav (2000–2007)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ehud Barak (1999–7 March 2001)
- Prime Minister Ariel Sharon (March 7, 2001-2006)
-
Yemen
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidential Council Ali Abdullah Salih (1990–2012) (President from 1994) (1978–1990 President of North Yemen)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Abdul Karim al-Iryani (1998–7 April 2001) (1980–1983 Prime Minister of North Yemen)
- Prime Minister Abd al-Qadir Badschamal (April 7, 2001-2007)
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Jordan
- Head of State: King Abdullah II (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ali Abu ar-Ragheb (2000–2003)
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Qatar
- Head of State: Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (1995–2013) (1995–1996 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdullah bin Chalifa Al Thani (1996-2007)
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Kuwait
- Head of State: Emir Jabir III. (1977–2006) ( 1962–1963, 1965–1978 Prime Minister )
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sa'ad al-Abdallah as-Salim as-Sabah (1978-2003) (2006 Emir)
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Lebanon
- Head of State: President Émile Lahoud (1998–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri ( 1992–1998 , 2000–2004)
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Palestinian Territories
- Head of State and Government: President: Yasser Arafat (1994-2004)
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Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1982-2005)
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Syria
- Head of State: President Bashar al-Assad (since 2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohammed Mustafa Miro (2000–2003)
-
Turkey
- Head of State: President Ahmet Necdet Sezer (2000–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit ( 1974, 1977, 1978–1979 , 1999–2002)
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United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Zayid bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1971–2004) (1966–2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Maktum bin Raschid Al Maktum ( 1971–1979 , 1990–2006) (1990–2006 Emir of Dubai)
Central Asia
-
Afghanistan
- Head of State:
- Leader of the Faithful Mohammed Omar (1996–13 November 2001)
- President Burhānuddin Rabbāni ( 1992–1996 , November 13, 2001– December 22, 2001)
- President Hamid Karzai (December 22, 2001-2014)
- Head of Government:
- Chairman of the Supreme Council Mohammad Rabbani (1996-13 April 2001)
- Chairman of the Supreme Council, Abdul Kabir (April 16, 2001– November 13, 2001)
- Head of State:
-
Kazakhstan
- Head of State: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1991-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Qassym-Shomart Toqayev (1999–2002)
-
Kyrgyzstan
- Head of State: President Askar Akayev (1991-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kurmanbek Bakiyev (2000–2002, 2005 ) (2005–2010 President)
-
Mongolia
- Head of State: President Natsagiin Bagabandi (1997-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nambaryn Enchbajar (2000–2004) (2005–2009 President)
-
Tajikistan
- Head of State: President Emomalij Rahmonow (since 1992)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Oqil Oqilow (1999-2013)
-
Turkmenistan
- Head of State and Government: President Saparmyrat Nyýazow (1991–2006)
-
Uzbekistan
- Head of State: President Islom Karimov (1991-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Oʻtkir Sultonov (1995–2003)
Australia and Oceania
-
Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
-
Governor General :
- William Deane (1996-29 June 2001)
- Peter Hollingworth (June 29, 2001–2003)
-
Governor General :
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Howard (1996-2007)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
-
Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
- Queen's Representative: Frederick Tutu Goodwin (2001-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Terepai Maoate (1999–2002)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
-
Fiji
- Head of State: President Josefa Iloilo (2000–2009)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase (2000–14 March 2001, 2001–2006 ) (acting)
- Prime Minister Tevita Momoedonu (March 14, 2001– March 16, 2001)
- Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase ( 2000-2001 , March 16, 2001-2006)
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Kiribati
- Head of State and Government: President Teburoro Tito (1994–2003)
-
Marshall Islands
- Head of State and Government: President Kessai Note (2000–2008)
-
Micronesia
- Head of State or Government: President Leo Falcam (1999–2003)
-
Nauru
- Head of State and Government:
- President Bernard Dowiyogo ( 1976–1978, 1989–1995, 1996, 1998–1999 , 2000–30 March 2001, 2003, 2003 )
- President René Harris ( 1999-2000 , March 30, 2001-2003, 2003, 2003-2004 )
- Head of State and Government:
-
New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
-
Governor General :
- Michael Hardie Boys (1996–4 April 2001)
- Silvia Cartwright (April 4, 2001-2006)
-
Governor General :
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Helen Clark (1999-2008)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
-
Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
- Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sani Lakatani (1999-2002)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
-
Palau
- Head of State and Government: President Tommy Remengesau (January 1, 2001–2009, since 2013 )
-
Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
- Governor General : Silas Atopare (1997-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mekere Morauta (1999–2002)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
-
Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
- Governor General : John Lapli (1999-2004)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare (2000–17 December 2001, 2006–2007, 2014–2017, since 2019 )
- Prime Minister Allan Kemakeza (December 17, 2001-2006)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
-
Samoa
- Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tanumafili II. (1962-2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sailele Tuilaʻepa Malielegaoi (since 1998)
-
Tonga
- Head of State: King Taufaʻahau Tupou IV. (1970-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ulukalala Lavaka Ata (2000–2006) (King since 2012)
-
Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
- Governor General : Tomasi Puapua (1998–2003)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Lagitupu Tuilimu (2000–24 February 2001) (acting)
- Prime Minister Faimalaga Luka (February 24, 2001– December 14, 2001) (2003–2005 President)
- Prime Minister Koloa Talake (December 14, 2001–2002)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
-
Vanuatu
- Head of State: President John Bennett Bani (1999-2004)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Barak Sopé (1999-2001)
- Prime Minister Edward Natapei (April 13, 2001-2004, 2008-2010, 2011 )
Europe
-
Albania
- Head of State: President Rexhep Meidani (1997-2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ilir Meta (1999–2002)
-
Andorra
-
Co-princes :
- President of France : Jacques Chirac (1995-2007)
- Bishop of Urgell : Joan Martí Alanís (1971-2003)
- Head of Government: District President Marc Forné Molné (1994-2005)
-
Co-princes :
-
Belgium
- Head of State: King Albert II (1993-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt (1999–2008)
-
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State:
- President of the State Presidency Zivko Radišić ( 1998–1999 , 2000–14 June 2001)
- Chairman of the State Presidium Jozo Križanović (June 14, 2001–2002)
- State Presidency:
- Bosniaks: Alija Izetbegović (1998–2002)
- Croatians:
- Ante Jelavić (1998–7 March 2001)
- Jozo Križanović (March 7, 2001–2002)
- Serbs: Živko Radišić (1998–2002)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Martin Raguž (2000–22 February 2001)
- Prime Minister Božidar Matić (February 22, 2001– July 18, 2001)
- Prime Minister Zlatko Lagumdžija (July 18, 2001–2002)
- Head of State:
-
Bulgaria
- Head of State: President Petar Stojanow (1997-2002)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ivan Kostov (1997–24 July 2001)
- Prime Minister Simeon Sakskoburggotski (July 24, 2001–2005) (King 1943–1946)
-
Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (1993-27 November 2001)
- Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen (November 27, 2001–2009)
-
Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
- Representative of the Danish government:
- Reichsombudswoman Vibeke Larsen (1995–1 November 2001)
- Reichsombudswoman Birgit Kleis (November 1, 2001-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Anfinn Kallsberg (1998-2004)
- Representative of the Danish government:
-
Greenland (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
- Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsmann Gunnar Martens (1995–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jonathan Motzfeldt ( 1979–1991 , 1997–2002)
-
Germany
- Head of State: Federal President Johannes Rau (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Gerhard Schröder (1998–2005)
-
Estonia
- Head of State:
- President Lennart Meri (1992–6 October 2001)
- President Arnold Rüütel ( 1991–1992 , October 6, 2001–2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mart Laar ( 1992–1994 , 1999–2002)
- Head of State:
-
Finland
- Head of State: President Tarja Halonen (2000–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen (1995-2003)
-
France
- Head of State: President Jacques Chirac (1995–2007) (1974–1976, Prime Minister 1986–1988)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lionel Jospin (1997-2002)
-
Greece
- Head of State: President Konstantinos Stefanopoulos (1995-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Konstantinos Simitis (1996-2004)
-
Ireland
- Head of State: President Mary McAleese (1997-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bertie Ahern (1997-2008)
-
Iceland
- Head of State: President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (1996–2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Davíð Oddsson (1991-2004)
-
Italy
- Head of State: President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1999–2006) (Prime Minister 1993–1994)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Giuliano Amato ( 1993 , 2000–11 June 2001)
- Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi ( 1994–1995 , June 11, 2001–2006, 2008–2011 )
-
Yugoslavia
- Head of State: President Vojislav Koštunica (2000-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Zoran Žižić (2000–2003)
-
Channel Islands
-
guernsey
- Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
- Lieutenant Governor: John Foley (2000-2005)
- Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
-
jersey
- Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
- Lieutenant Governor: John Cheshire (January 24, 2001-2006)
- Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
-
guernsey
-
Croatia
- Head of State: President Stjepan Mesić (2000–2010)
- Head of Government: District President Ivica Račan (2000-2003)
-
Latvia
- Head of State: President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (1999–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andris Bērziņš (2000–2002)
-
Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
-
Head of Government :
- Mario Frick (1993–5 April 2001)
- Otmar Hasler (April 5, 2001–2009)
-
Lithuania
- Head of State: President Valdas Adamkus (1998–2003, 2004–2009 )
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Rolandas Paksas ( 1999 , 2000–20 June 2001)
- Prime Minister Eugenijus Gentvilas (June 20, 2001– July 3, 2001) (acting)
- Prime Minister Algirdas Brazauskas (July 3, 2001–2006) (President 1992–1998)
-
Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Henri (since 2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker (1995-2013)
-
Malta
- Head of State: President Guido de Marco (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edward Fenech Adami ( 1987–1996 , 1998–2004) (2004–2009 President)
-
Isle of Man
- Head of State: Lord of Man Elizabeth II (since 1952)
- Lieutenant Governor : Ian David Macfadyen (2000-2005)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Donald Gelling (1996–4 December 2001, 2004–2006 )
- Prime Minister Richard Corkill (December 4, 2001-2004)
- Head of State: Lord of Man Elizabeth II (since 1952)
-
Macedonia
- Head of State: President Boris Trajkovski (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ljubčo Georgievski (1998–2002)
-
Moldova
- Head of State:
- President Petru Lucinschi (1997–7 April 2001)
- President Vladimir Voronin (April 7, 2001–2009)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Dumitru Braghiș (1999–19 April 2001)
- Prime Minister Vasile Tarlev (April 19, 2001–2008)
-
Transnistria (not internationally recognized)
- President: Igor Smirnov (1991–2011)
- Head of State:
-
Monaco
- Head of State: Prince : Rainier III. (1949-2005)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Patrick Leclercq (2000–2005)
-
Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Beatrix (1980-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Wim Kok (1994–2002)
-
Norway
- Head of State: King Harald V (since 1991)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg (2000–19 October 2001, 2005–2013 )
- Prime Minister Kjell Magne Bondevik ( 1997–2000 , October 19, 2001–2005)
-
Austria
- Head of State: Federal President Thomas Klestil (1992-2004)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel (2000–2007)
-
Poland
- Head of State: President Aleksander Kwaśniewski (1995-2005)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek (1997–19 October 2001)
- Prime Minister Leszek Miller (October 19, 2001-2004)
-
Portugal
- Head of State: President Jorge Sampaio (1996-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister António Guterres (1995-2002)
-
Romania
- Head of State: President Ion Iliescu ( 1989–1996 , 2000–2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Adrian Năstase (2000-2004)
-
Russia
- Head of State: President Vladimir Putin (1999–2008, since 2012 ) (1999–2000, 2008–2012 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mikhail Kassyanov (2000-2004)
-
San Marino
- Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
- Gian Franco Terenzi ( 1987–1988 , October 1, 2000– April 1, 2001, 2006, 2014–2015 ) and Enzo Colombini ( 1984 , October 1, 2000– April 1, 2001)
- Luigi Lonfernini ( 1971 , April 1, 2001– October 1, 2001) and Fabio Berardi (April 1, 2001– October 1, 2001)
- Alberto Cecchetti ( 1975, 1994, 1998 , October 1, 2001– April 1, 2002) and Gino Giovagnoli (October 1, 2001– April 1, 2002)
- Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
-
Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Göran Persson (1996-2006)
-
Switzerland
- Federal President : Moritz Leuenberger (2001, 2006 )
-
Federal Council :
- Kaspar Villiger (1989-2003)
- Ruth Dreifuss (1993-2002)
- Moritz Leuenberger (1995-2010)
- Pascal Couchepin (1998-2009)
- Joseph Deiss (1999-2006)
- Ruth Metzler-Arnold (1999-2003)
- Samuel Schmid (January 1, 2001-2008)
-
Slovakia
- Head of State: President Rudolf Schuster (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mikuláš Dzurinda (1998–2006)
-
Slovenia
- Head of State: President Milan Kučan (1991–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Janez Drnovšek ( 1992–2000 , 2000–2002) (2002–2007 President)
-
Spain
- Head of State: King Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José María Aznar (1996-2004)
-
Czech Republic
- Head of State: President Václav Havel (1993-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Miloš Zeman (1998–2002) (President since 2013)
-
Ukraine
- Head of State: President Leonid Kuchma (1994–2005) (Prime Minister 1992–1993)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Viktor Yushchenko (1999–29 May 2001) (2005–2010 President)
- Prime Minister Anatoly Kinach (May 29, 2001-2002)
-
Hungary
- Head of State: President Ferenc Mádl (2000-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Viktor Orbán (1998–2002, since 2010 )
-
Vatican city
- Head of State: Pope John Paul II (1978-2005)
- Head of Government:
- Cardinal State Secretary Angelo Sodano (1990-2006)
- President of the Governorate Edmund Casimir Szoka (1997–2006)
-
United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tony Blair (1997-2007)
-
Belarus
- Head of State: President Aljaksandr Lukashenka (since 1994)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Uladzimir Jarmoschyn (2000-1. October 2001)
- Prime Minister Henads Nawizki (October 1, 2001–2003)
-
Republic of Cyprus
- Head of State and Government: President Glafkos Klerides (1993-2003)
-
Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)
- Head of State: President Rauf Denktaş (1983-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Derviş Eroğlu ( 1985–1994 , 1996–2004, 2009–2010 ) (2010–2015 President)