List of Heads of State 2003

Overview
◄◄ | ◄ | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | List of Heads of State 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | ► | ►►
Other events

Africa

Egypt
- Head of State: President Husni Mubarak (1981–2011) (1981–1982 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Atif Abaid (1999-2004)

Algeria
- Head of State: President Abd al-Aziz Bouteflika (1999-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ali Benflis (2000–5 May 2003)
  - Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia ( 1995–1998 , May 5, 2003–2006, 2008–2012, 2017–2019 )

Angola
- Head of State: President José Eduardo dos Santos (1979-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos (2002–2008)

Equatorial Guinea

Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Cándido Muatetema Rivas (2001-2004)

Ethiopia
- Head of State: President Girma Wolde-Giorgis (2001-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Meles Zenawi (1995–2012) (1991–1995 President)

Benin
- Head of State and Government: President Mathieu Kérékou ( 1972–1991 , 1996–2006)

Botswana
- Head of State and Government: President Festus Mogae (1998–2008)

Burkina Faso
- Head of State: President Blaise Compaoré (1987-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paramanga Ernest Yonli (2000–2007)

Burundi
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Pierre Buyoya ( 1987–1993 , 1996–30 April 2003)
  - President Domitien Ndayizeye (April 30, 2003–2005)

Djibouti
- Head of State: President Ismail Omar Guelleh (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita (2001-2013)

Ivory Coast
- Head of State: President Laurent Gbagbo (2000–2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister (2000–10 February 2003)
  - Prime Minister Seydou Diarra ( 2000 , February 10, 2003–2005)

Eritrea
- Head of State and Government: President Isayas Afewerki (since 1993)

Gabon
- Head of State: President Omar Bongo Ondimba (1967–2009) (until November 15, 2003 Omar Bongo)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane (1999–2006)

Gambia
- Head of State and Government: President Yahya Jammeh (1994–2017) (until 1996 Chairman of the Provisional Government Council of the Army)

Ghana
- Head of State or Government: President John Agyekum Kufuor (2001–2009)

Guinea
- Head of State: President Lansana Conté (1984–2008)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lamine Sidimé (1999-2004)

Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State:
  - President Kumba Ialá (2000–14 September 2003)
  - Chairman of the Military Council for the Restoration of the Constitution and Democratic Order Veríssimo Correia Seabra (September 14, 2003– September 28, 2003) (acting)
  - President Henrique Pereira Rosa (September 28, 2003–2005) (acting)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mário Pires (2002–14 September 2003)
  - Prime Minister Artur Sanhá (September 28, 2003–204)

Cameroon
- Head of State: President Paul Biya (since 1982)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Peter Mafany Musonge (1996-2004)

Cape Verde
- Head of State: President Pedro Pires (2001–2011) (1975–1991 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José Maria Neves (since 2001)

Kenya
- Head of State and Government: President Mwai Kibaki (2002–2013)

Comoros
- Head of State and Government: President Azali Assoumani ( 1991–2002 , 2002–2006)

Democratic Republic of the Congo (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1971–1997 Zaïre )
- Head of State and Government: President Joseph Kabila (2001-2019)

Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; 1970–1992 People's Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State and Government: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso ( 1979–1992 , since 1997)

Lesotho
- Head of State: King Letsie III. ( 1990–1995 , since 1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bethuel Pakalitha Mosisili (1998–2012, 2015–2017 )

Liberia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Charles Taylor (1997–11 August 2003)
  - President Moses Blah (August 11, 2003– October 14, 2003)
  - Chairman of the National Transitional Government Gyude Bryant (October 14, 2003-2006)

Libya
- Revolutionary leader: Muammar al-Gaddafi (1969–2011) (1969–1979 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
- Head of State: General Secretary of the General People's Congress Zantani Muhammad az-Zantani (1992-2008)
- Head of Government:
  - General Secretary of the General People's Committee Mubarak Abdallah asch-Shamich (2000–14 June 2003) (2009–2010 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
  - General Secretary of the General People's Committee Shukri Ghanim (June 14, 2003–2006)

Madagascar
- Head of State: President Marc Ravalomanana (2002–2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacques Sylla (2002–2007)

Malawi
- Head of State and Government: President Bakili Muluzi (1994-2004)

Mali
- Head of State: President Amadou Toumani Touré ( 1991–1992 , 2002–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ahmed Mohamed Ag Hamani (2002–2004)

Morocco
- Head of State: King Mohammed VI. (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Driss Jettou (2002–2007)

Mauritania
- Head of State: President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya (1984–2005) (1981–1984, Prime Minister 1984–1992)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna ( 1996–1997 , 1998–6 July 2003)
  - Prime Minister Sghaïr Ould M'Bareck ( 1996–1997 , July 6, 2003–2005)

Mauritius
- Head of State:
  - President Karl Offmann (2002–1 October 2003)
  - Vice-President Raouf Bundhun (October 1, 2003– October 7, 2003) (acting)
  - President Anerood Jugnauth (October 7, 2003–2012) (1982–1985, 2000–2003, 2014–2017 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth ( 1982–1995 , 2000–30 September 2003, 2014–2017 ) (2003–2012 President)
  - Prime Minister Paul Bérenger (September 30, 2003–2005)

Mozambique

Head of State: President Joaquim Alberto Chissano (1986-2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Pascoal Mocumbi (1994-2004)

Namibia
- Head of State: President Sam Nujoma (1990-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Theo-Ben Gurirab (2002–2005)

Niger
- Head of State: President Tandja Mamadou (1999-2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hama Amadou ( 1995–1996 , 2000–2007)

Nigeria
- Head of State and Government: President Olusegun Obasanjo ( 1976–1979 , 1999–2007)

Rwanda

Head of State: President Paul Kagame (since 2000)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Bernard Makuza (2000–2011)

Zambia
- Head of State and Government: President Levy Mwanawasa (2002–2008)

Sao Tome and Principe
- Head of State:
  - President Fradique de Menezes (2001–16 July 2003, 2003–2011 )
  - Chairman of the Military Junta of National Salvation Fernando Pereira (July 16, 2003 - July 2003)
  - President Fradique de Menezes ( 2001-2003 , July 23, 2003-2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Maria das Neves (2002–16 July 2003, 2003–2004 )
  - Prime Minister Maria das Neves ( 2002–2003 , 23 July 2003–2004)

Senegal

Head of State: President Abdoulaye Wade (2000–2012)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Idrissa Seck (2002-2004)

Seychelles
- Head of State and Government: President France-Albert René (1977–2004) (1976–1977 Prime Minister)

Sierra Leone
- Head of State and Government: President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah ( 1996–1997 , 1998–2007)

Zimbabwe
- Head of State and Government: President Robert Mugabe (1987–2017) (1980–1987 Prime Minister)

Somalia
- Head of State: President Abdikassim Salat Hassan (2000-2004)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hassan Abshir Farah (2001–8 December 2003)
  - Prime Minister Mohammed Abdi Yusuf (December 8, 2003–2004)
  - Somaliland (not internationally recognized)
    - Head of State and Government: President Dahir Riyale Kahin (2002–2010)

South Africa
- Head of State and Government: President Thabo Mbeki (1999–2008)

Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Umar al-Bashir (1989–2019)

Swaziland
- Head of State: King Mswati III. (since 1986)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini (1996–29 September 2003, 2008–2018 )
  - Prime Minister Paul Shabangu (September 29, 2003– November 26, 2003) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Absalom Themba Dlamini (November 26, 2003–2008)

Tanzania
- Head of State: President Benjamin Mkapa (1995-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Frederick Sumaye (1995-2005)

Togo

Head of State: President Gnassingbé Eyadéma (1967-2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Koffi Sama (2002-2005)

Chad
- Head of State: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Haroun Kabadi (2002–24 June 2003)
  - Prime Minister Moussa Faki (June 24, 2003–2005)

Tunisia
- Head of State: President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali (1987–2011) (Prime Minister 1987)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi (1999–2011)

Uganda

Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Apolo Nsibambi (1999–2011)

Western Sahara (controversial)
- Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz (1976-2016) (in exile)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Bouchraya Beyoun ( 1993–1995 , 1999–29 October 2003) (in exile)
  - Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar (October 29, 2003–2018) (in exile)

Central African Republic
- Head of State:
  - President Ange-Félix Patassé (1993–15 March 2003) (1976–1978 Prime Minister)
  - President François Bozizé (March 15, 2003–2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Martin Ziguélé (2001–15 March 2003)
  - Prime Minister Abel Goumba (March 23, 2003– December 12, 2003)
  - Prime Minister Célestin Gaombalet (December 12, 2003–2005)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Adrienne Clarkson (1999–2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jean Chrétien (1993–12 December 2003)
  - Prime Minister Paul Martin (December 12, 2003–2006)

Mexico
- Head of State or Government: President Vicente Fox (2000–2006)

United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President George W. Bush (2001–2009)

Central America

Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : James Carlisle (1993-2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lester Bird (1994-2004)

Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
  - Governor General : Ivy Dumont (2001-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Perry Christie (2002-2007, 2012-2017 )

Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
  - Governor General : Clifford Husbands (1996-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Owen Arthur (1994–2008)

Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Colville Young (since 1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Said Musa (1998–2008)

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: President Abel Pacheco (2002–2006)

Dominica
- Head of State:
  - President Vernon Shaw (1998–1 October 2003)
  - President Nicholas Liverpool (October 2, 2003-2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pierre Charles (2000-2004)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Hipólito Mejía (2000-2004)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Francisco Flores Pérez (1999-2004)

Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Governor General : Daniel Williams (1996-2008)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Keith Mitchell (1995–2008, since 2013 )

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Alfonso Antonio Portillo Cabrera (2000–2004)

Haiti
- Head of State: President Jean-Bertrand Aristide ( 1991, 1993–1994, 1994–1996 , 2001–2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Yvon Neptune (2002-2004)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Ricardo Maduro (2002–2006)

Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
  - Governor General : Howard Cooke (1991-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Percival J. Patterson (1992–2006)

Cuba
Head of State and Head of Government: President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Fidel Castro (1976-2008) (1959-1976 Prime Minister)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Enrique Bolaños (2002–2007)

Panama
- Head of State and Government: President Mireya Moscoso (1999-2004)

St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
  - Governor General : Cuthbert Sebastian (1996–2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Denzil Douglas (1995-2015)

St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Dame Pearlette Louisy (1997-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kenneth Anthony (1997-2006, 2011-2016 )

St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Frederick Ballantyne (2002–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves (since 2001)

Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State:
  - President Arthur NR Robinson (1997–17 March 2003) (Prime Minister 1986–1991)
  - President George Maxwell Richards (March 17, 2003–2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Patrick Manning ( 1991–1995 , 2001–2010)

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Eduardo Duhalde (2002–25 May 2003)
  - President Néstor Kirchner (May 25, 2003–2007)

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada ( 1993–1997 , 2002– October 17, 2003)
  - President Carlos Mesa (October 17, 2003–2005)

Brazil
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995–1 January 2003)
  - President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (January 1, 2003–2011)

Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Ricardo Lagos Escobar (2000–2006)

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Gustavo Noboa (2000–15 January 2003)
  - President Lucio Gutiérrez ( 2000 , January 15, 2003–2005)

Guyana
- Head of State: President Bharrat Jagdeo (1999-2011) (1999 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sam Hinds ( 1992–1997, 1997–1999 , 1999–2015) (1997 President)

Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Álvaro Uribe Vélez (2002–2010)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Luis Ángel González Macchi (1999–15 August 2003)
  - President Nicanor Duarte Frutos (August 15, 2003–2008)

Peru
- Head of State: President Alejandro Toledo (2001-2006)
- Head of Government:
  - Chairman of the Council of Ministers Luis Solari de la Fuente (2002–28 June 2003)
  - Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers Beatriz Merino (June 28, 2003– December 15, 2003)
  - Carlos Ferrero Costa, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (December 15, 2003–2005)

Suriname
- Head of State and Government: President Ronald Venetiaan ( 1991–1996 , 2000–2010)
- Head of Government: Vice-President Jules Ratankumar Ajodhia ( 1991–1996 , 2000–2005)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Jorge Batlle Ibáñez (2000–2005)

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Hugo Chávez ( 1999–2002 , 2002–2013)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bangladesh

Head of State: President Iajuddin Ahmed (2002–2009) (2006–2007 Head of Government)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Khaleda Zia ( 1991–1996 , 2001–2006)

Bhutan
- Head of State: King Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1972-2006)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Kinzang Dorji (2002–30 August 2003, 2007–2008 )
  - Prime Minister Jigme Thinley ( 1988–1989 , Aug. 30, 2003–2004)

Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)

Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State: President Chen Shui-bian (2000–2008)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Yu Shyi-kun (2002–2005)

People's Republic of China
- Head of State:
  - President Jiang Zemin (1993–15 March 2003)
  - President Hu Jintao (March 15, 2003-2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Zhu Rongji (1998–16 March 2003)
  - Premier Wen Jiabao (March 16, 2003–2013)

India
- Head of State: President A. PJ Abdul Kalam (2002–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee ( 1996 , 1998-2004)

Indonesia
- Head of State and Government: President Megawati Sukarnoputri (2001-2004)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Akihito (1989-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jun'ichirō Koizumi (2001-2006)

Cambodia
- Head of State: King Norodom Sihanouk ( 1941–1955 , 1993–2004) (1960–1970, 1975–1976, 1991–1993 President)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)

North Korea
- Chairman of the National Defense Commission : Kim Jong-il (1994–2011)
- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Kim Yong-nam (since 1998)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hong Song-nam (1997–3 September 2003)
  - Prime Minister Pak Pong-ju (September 3, 2003–2007, 2013–2019 )

South Korea
- Head of State:
  - President Kim Dae-jung (1998– February 25, 2003)
  - President Roh Moo-hyun (February 25, 2003–2008)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Kim Suk-soo (2002–26 February 2003)
  - Prime Minister Goh Kun ( 1997–1998 , February 26, 2003–2004)

Laos

Head of State: President Khamtay Siphandone (1998-2006)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Boungnang Vorachith (2001-2006)

Malaysia
- Head of State: Supreme Ruler Syed Sirajuddin (2001-2006)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad (1981–31 October 2003, 2018–2020 )
  - Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (October 31, 2003–2009)

Maldives
- Head of State or Government: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1978–2008)

Myanmar
- Head of State: Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development Than Shwe (1992–2011) (Prime Minister 1992–2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Than Shwe (1992–25 August 2003) (1992–2011 Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development)
  - Prime Minister Khin Nyunt (August 25, 2003-2004)

Nepal
- Head of State: King Gyanendra ( 1950–1951 , 2001–2008)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Lokendra Bahadur Chand ( 1983–1986, 1990, 1997 , 2002–5 June 2003)
  - Prime Minister Surya Bahadur Thapa ( 1995–1997, 2001–2002 , June 5, 2003–2004)

East Timor
- Head of State: President Xanana Gusmão (2002–2007) (2007–2015 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Marí Bin Amude Alkatiri (2002–2006)

Pakistan

Head of State: President Pervez Musharraf (2001–2008) ( Head of Government 1999–2002)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Zafarullah Khan Jamali (2002-2004)

Philippines
- Head of State and Government: President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001–2010)

Singapore
- Head of State: President Sellapan Ramanathan (1999-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong (1990-2004)

Sri Lanka
- Head of State: President Chandrika Kumaratunga (1994–2005) (1994 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe ( 1993–1994 , 2001–2004, 2015–2018, 2018–2019 )

Thailand
- Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra (2001-2006)

Vietnam

Head of State: President Trần Đức Lương (1997-2006)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Phan Văn Khải (1997-2006)

Middle East

Armenia
- Head of State: President Robert Kocharyan (1998–2008) (1992–1994 Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh, 1994–1997 President of Nagorno-Karabakh, 1997–1998 Prime Minister of Armenia)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andranik Markarjan (2000–2007)

Azerbaijan
- Head of State:
  - President Heidar Aliyev (1993–31 October 2003)
  - President Ilham Aliyev (since October 31, 2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Artur Rasizadä (1996–4 August 2003, 2003–2018 )
  - Prime Minister Ilham Aliyev (August 4, 2003– November 4, 2003) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Artur Rasizadä ( 1996–2003 , November 4, 2003–2018)
- Nagorno Karabakh (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State: President Arkadi Ghukassjan (1997-2007)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Anuschawan Danieljan (1999–2007)

Bahrain
- Head of State: King Hamad bin Isa Al Chalifa (since 1999) (Emir until 2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

Georgia

Head of State:

President Eduard Shevardnadze (1992–23 November 2003)

Speaker of Parliament Nino Burjanadze (November 23, 2003–2004, 2007–2008 ) (acting)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Avtandil Jorbadze (2001–27 January 2003)

Prime Minister Zurab Schwania (November 27, 2003–2005)

Abkhazia (not recognized internationally)

Head of State: President Wladislaw Ardsinba (1992-2005)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Gennadi Gagulija ( 1995–1997 , 2002–22 April 2003)

Prime Minister Raul Hadschimba (April 22, 2003-2004)

South Ossetia (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Eduard Kokoity (2001-2011)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Gerassim Khugayev ( 1991–1993 , 2001– August 2003)

Prime Minister Igor Sanakoyev (September 17, 2003–2005)

Iraq (occupied by allied troops led by the USA in 2003)
- Head of State or Government: President Saddam Hussein (1979–9 April 2003)
- Supreme Commander of the Occupation Forces:
  - Tommy Franks (April 9, 2003- July 7, 2003)
  - John Abizaid (July 7, 2003-2004)
- Head of Government:
  - Chief Civil Administrator Jay Garner (April 21, 2003– May 12, 2003)
  - Chief Civil Administrator Paul Bremer (May 12, 2003-2004)

Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) (Prime Minister 1981–1989)
- Head of Government: President Mohammad Chātami (1997-2005)

Israel
- Head of State: President Moshe Katzav (2000–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ariel Sharon (2001-2006)

Yemen

Head of State: Chairman of the Presidential Council Ali Abdullah Salih (1990–2012) (President from 1994) (1978–1990 President of North Yemen)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Abd al-Qadir Badschamal (2001-2007)

Jordan
- Head of State: King Abdullah II (since 1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ali Abu ar-Ragheb (2000–25 October 2003)
  - Prime Minister Faisal al-Fayiz (October 25, 2003–2005)

Lebanon
- Head of State: President Émile Lahoud (1998–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri ( 1992–1998 , 2000–2004)

Qatar
- Head of State: Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (1995–2013) (1995–1996 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdullah bin Chalifa Al Thani (1996-2007)

Kuwait
- Head of State: Emir Jabir III. (1977–2006) ( 1962–1963, 1965–1978 Prime Minister )
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sa'ad al-Abdallah as-Salim as-Sabah (1978–15 July 2003) (2006 Emir)
  - Prime Minister Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (July 15, 2003-2006) (since 2006 Emir)

Oman
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Qaboos ibn Said (1970–2020)

Palestinian Territories
- Head of State: President: Yasser Arafat (1994-2004)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mahmud Abbas (April 30, 2003– October 7, 2003) (President since 2005)
  - Prime Minister Ahmad Qurai (October 7, 2003–2005, 2005–2006 )

Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1982-2005)

Syria
- Head of State: President Bashar al-Assad (since 2000)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mohammed Mustafa Miro (2000–10 September 2003)
  - Prime Minister Muhammad Naji al-Utri (September 10, 2003–2011)

Turkey
- Head of State: President Ahmet Necdet Sezer (2000–2007)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Abdullah Gül (2002–14 March 2003) (2007–2014 President)
  - Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (May 14, 2003–2014) (President since 2014)

United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Zayid bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1971–2004) (1966–2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Maktum bin Raschid Al Maktum ( 1971–1979 , 1990–2006) (1990–2006 Emir of Dubai)

Central Asia

Afghanistan
- Head of State and Government: President Hamid Karzai (2001-2014)

Kazakhstan
- Head of State: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1991-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Imanghali Tasmaghambetow (2002–13 June 2003)
  - Prime Minister Danial Akhmetov (June 13, 2003–2007)

Kyrgyzstan
- Head of State: President Askar Akayev (1991-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nikolai Tanajew (2002-2005)

Mongolia
- Head of State: President Natsagiin Bagabandi (1997-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nambaryn Enchbajar (2000–2004) (2005–2009 President)

Tajikistan

Head of State: President Emomalij Rahmonow (since 1992)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Oqil Oqilow (1999-2013)

Turkmenistan
- Head of State and Government: President Saparmyrat Nyýazow (1991–2006)

Uzbekistan
- Head of State: President Islom Karimov (1991-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Oʻtkir Sultonov (1995–11 December 2003)
  - Prime Minister Shavkat Mirziyoyev (since December 11, 2003)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General :
    - Peter Hollingworth (2001–28 May 2003) (dormant office since May 11, 2003)
    - Guy Green (May 11, 2003– August 11, 2003) (Acting)
    - Michael Jeffery (August 11, 2003-2008)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Howard (1996-2007)

Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
  - Queen's Representative: Frederick Tutu Goodwin (2001-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Woonton (2002-2004)

Fiji
- Head of State: President Josefa Iloilo (2000–2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase ( 2000–2001 , 2001–2006)

Kiribati
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Teburoro Tito (1994–28 March 2003)
  - Chairman of the State Council Tion Otang (March 28, 2003– July 10, 2003) (acting)
  - President Anote Tong (July 10, 2003-2016)
Marshall Islands
- Head of State and Government: President Kessai Note (2000–2008)

Micronesia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Leo Falcam (1999–11 May 2003)
  - President Joseph J. Urusemal (May 11, 2003–2007)

Nauru
- Head of State and Government:
  - President René Harris ( 1999–2000 , 2001– January 9, 2003, 2003, 2003–2004 )
  - President Bernard Dowiyogo ( 1976–1978, 1989–1995, 1996, 1998–1999, 2000–2001 , January 9, 2003– January 17, 2003, 2003 )
  - President René Harris ( 1999–2000, 2001–2003 , January 17, 2003– January 18, 2003, 2003–2004 )
  - President Bernard Dowiyogo ( 1976–1978, 1989–1995, 1996, 1998–1999, 2000–2001, 2003 , January 18, 2003– March 10, 2003)
  - President Derog Gioura (March 10, 2003– May 29, 2003)
  - President Ludwig Scotty (May 29, 2003– August 8, 2003, 2004–2007 )
  - President René Harris ( 1999-2000, 2001-2003, 2003 , Aug. 8, 2003-2004)

New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Silvia Cartwright (2001–2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Helen Clark (1999-2008)

Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Young Vivian ( 1992–1993 , 2002–2008)

Palau
- Head of State and Government: President Tommy Remengesau (2001–2009, since 2013 )

Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
  - Governor General :
    - Silas Atopare (1997-20 November 2003)
    - Speaker of Parliament Bill Skate (November 21, 2003–2004, 2010 ) (acting) (1997–1999 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Michael Somare ( 1975–1980, 1982–1985 , 2002–2011)

Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : John Lapli (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Allan Kemakeza (2001-2006)

Samoa

Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tanumafili II. (1962-2007)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sailele Tuilaʻepa Malielegaoi (since 1998)

Tonga
- Head of State: King Taufaʻahau Tupou IV. (1970-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ulukalala Lavaka Ata (2000–2006) (King since 2012)

Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General :
    - Tomasi Puapua (1998–9 September 2003)
    - Faimalaga Luka (September 9, 2003-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Saufatu Sopoanga (2002-2004)

Vanuatu
- Head of State: President John Bennett Bani (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edward Natapei (2001-2004, 2008-2010, 2011 )

Europe

Albania
- Head of State: President Alfred Moisiu (2002–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Fatos Nano ( 1991, 1997–1998 , 2002–2005)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France Jacques Chirac (1995-2007)
  - Bishop of Urgell :
    - Joan Martí Alanís (1971-12 May 2003)
    - Joan Enric Vives i Sicília (since May 12, 2003)
- Head of Government: District President Marc Forné Molné (1994-2005)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Albert II (1993-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt (1999–2008)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State:
  - President of the State Presidium Mirko Šarović (2002–2 April 2003)
  - President of the State Presidium Dragan Čović (April 2, 2003– April 10, 2003, 2003–2004 , 2015–2016 , 2017–2018 )
  - President of the State Presidium Borislav Paravac (April 10, 2003– June 27, 2003, 2004–2005 )
  - President of the State Presidium Dragan Čović ( 2003 , June 27, 2003–2004, 2015–2016 , 2017–2018 )
- State Presidency:
  - Bosniaks: Sulejman Tihić (2002-2006)
  - Croatians: Dragan Čović (2002–2005, 2014–2018 )
  - Serbs:
    - Mirko Šarović (2002–2 April 2003)
    - Borislav Paravac (April 2, 2003-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Adnan Terzić (2002–2007)

Bulgaria
- Head of State: President Georgi Parvanov (2002–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Simeon Sakskoburggotski (2001–2005) (1943–1946 King)

Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen (2001–2009)
- Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsfrau Birgit Kleis (2001-2005)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Anfinn Kallsberg (1998-2004)

Germany
- Head of State: Federal President Johannes Rau (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Gerhard Schröder (1998–2005)

Estonia
- Head of State: President Arnold Rüütel ( 1991–1992 , 2001–2006)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Siim Kallas (2002–10 April 2003)
  - Prime Minister Juhan Parts (April 10, 2003–2005)

Finland
- Head of State: President Tarja Halonen (2000–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen (1995–17 April 2003)
  - Prime Minister Anneli Jäätteenmäki (April 17, 2003– June 24, 2003)
  - Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen (June 24, 2003–2010)

France
- Head of State: President Jacques Chirac (1995–2007) (1974–1976, Prime Minister 1986–1988)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin (2002-2005)

Greece
- Head of State: President Konstantinos Stefanopoulos (1995-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Konstantinos Simitis (1996-2004)

Ireland
- Head of State: President Mary McAleese (1997-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bertie Ahern (1997-2008)

Iceland
- Head of State: President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (1996–2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Davíð Oddsson (1991-2004)

Italy
- Head of State: President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1999–2006) (Prime Minister 1993–1994)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi ( 1994–1995 , 2001–2006, 2008–2011 )

Yugoslavia (from March 4, 2003 Serbia and Montenegro )
- Head of State: President Vojislav Koštunica (2000–4 March 2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Zoran Žižić (2000–4 March 2003)

Channel Islands
- guernsey
  - Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Lieutenant Governor: John Foley (2000-2005)
- jersey
  - Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Lieutenant Governor: John Cheshire (2001-2006)

Croatia
- Head of State: President Stjepan Mesić (2000–2010)
- Head of Government:
  - District President Ivica Račan (2000–23 December 2003)
  - District President Ivo Sanader (December 23, 2003–2009)

Latvia
- Head of State: President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (1999–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Einars Repše (2002-2004)

Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
- Head of Government : Otmar Hasler (2001–2009)

Lithuania
- Head of State:
  - President Valdas Adamkus (1998–26 February 2003, 2004–2009 )
  - President Rolandas Paksas (February 26, 2003–2004) (1999, Prime Minister 2000–2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Algirdas Brazauskas (2001–2006) (1992–1998 President)

Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Henri (since 2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker (1995-2013)

Malta
- Head of State: President Guido de Marco (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edward Fenech Adami ( 1987–1996 , 1998–2004) (2004–2009 President)

Isle of Man
- Head of State: Lord of Man Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Lieutenant Governor : Ian David Macfadyen (2000-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Richard Corkill (2001-2004)

Macedonia
- Head of State: President Boris Trajkovski (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Branko Crvenkovski ( 1992–1998 , 2002–2004) (2004–2009 President)

Moldova

Head of State: President Vladimir Voronin (2001–2009)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Vasile Tarlev (2001-2008)

Transnistria (not internationally recognized)
President: Igor Smirnov (1991–2011)

Monaco
- Head of State: Prince : Rainier III. (1949-2005)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Patrick Leclercq (2000–2005)

Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Beatrix (1980-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende (2002–2010)

Norway
- Head of State: King Harald V (since 1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kjell Magne Bondevik ( 1997–2000 , 2001–2005)

Austria
- Head of State: Federal President Thomas Klestil (1992-2004)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel (2000–2007)

Poland
- Head of State: President Aleksander Kwaśniewski (1995-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Leszek Miller (2001-2004)

Portugal
- Head of State: President Jorge Sampaio (1996-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José Manuel Barroso (2002–2004)

Romania
- Head of State: President Ion Iliescu ( 1989–1996 , 2000–2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Adrian Năstase (2000-2004)

Russia
- Head of State: President Vladimir Putin (1999–2008, since 2012 ) (1999–2000, 2008–2012 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mikhail Kassyanov (2000-2004)

San Marino
- Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
  - Giuseppe Maria Morganti (October 1, 2002– April 1, 2003) and Mauro Chiaruzzi (October 1, 2002– April 1, 2003)
  - Pier Marino Menicucci (April 1, 2003– October 1, 2003) and Giovanni Giannoni (April 1, 2003– October 1, 2003)
  - Giovanni Lonfernini (October 1, 2003– April 1, 2004) and Valeria Ciavatta (October 1, 2003– April 1, 2004, 2014 )

Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Göran Persson (1996-2006)

Switzerland
- Federal President : Pascal Couchepin (2003, 2008 )
- Federal Council :
  - Kaspar Villiger (1989–31 December 2003)
  - Moritz Leuenberger (1995-2010)
  - Pascal Couchepin (1998-2009)
  - Joseph Deiss (1999-2006)
  - Ruth Metzler-Arnold (1999–31 December 2003)
  - Samuel Schmid (2001-2008)
  - Micheline Calmy-Rey (January 1, 2003–2011)

Serbia and Montenegro (until March 4, 2003 Yugoslavia )
- Head of State and Government: President and Prime Minister Svetozar Marović (March 7, 2003–2006)
- Serbia
  - President :
    - Natasa Mićić (acting 2002-2004)
  - Prime Minister:
    - Zoran Đinđić (2001–12 March 2003)
    - Nebojša Čović (March 12, 2003– March 16, 2003) (acting)
    - Žarko Korać (March 17, 2003– March 18, 2003) (acting)
    - Zoran Živković (March 18, 2003-2004)
- Montenegro
  - President:
    - Filip Vujanović (2002–19 May 2003, since 2003 ) (acting) , (1998–2003 Prime Minister)
    - Rifat Rastoder and Dragan Kujović (May 19 - May 22, 2003) (acting)
    - Filip Vujanović (since May 22, 2003–2018)
  - Prime Minister:
    - Dragan Đurović (2002–8 January 2003) (acting)
    - Milo Đukanović ( 1991–1998 , May 8, 2003–2006, 2008–2010 )

Slovakia
- Head of State: President Rudolf Schuster (1999-2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mikuláš Dzurinda (1998–2006)

Slovenia
- Head of State: President Janez Drnovšek (2002–2007) (1992–2000, 2000–2002 President)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Anton Rop (2002-2004)

Spain
- Head of State: King Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José María Aznar (1996-2004)

Czech Republic
- Head of State:
  - President Václav Havel (1993–2 February 2003)
  - Prime Minister Vladimír Špidla (February 2, 2003– March 7, 2003) (acting)
  - President Václav Klaus ( 1993 , 7 March 2003–2013) (1993–1997 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Vladimír Špidla (2002–2004)

Ukraine
- Head of State: President Leonid Kuchma (1994–2005) (Prime Minister 1992–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych (2002–2005, 2006–2007 ) (2010–2014 President)

Hungary
- Head of State: President Ferenc Mádl (2000-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Péter Medgyessy (2002-2004)

Vatican city

Head of State: Pope John Paul II (1978-2005)

Head of Government: President of the Governorate Edmund Casimir Szoka (1997–2006)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tony Blair (1997-2007)

Belarus
- Head of State: President Aljaksandr Lukashenka (since 1994)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Uladzimir Jarmoschyn Henads Nawizki (2001-10 July 2003)
  - Prime Minister Sjarhej Sidorski (July 10, 2003-2010)

Republic of Cyprus
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Glafkos Klerides (1993–28 February 2003)
  - President Tassos Papadopoulos (February 28, 2003–2008)
- Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State: President Rauf Denktaş (1983-2005)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Derviş Eroğlu ( 1985–1994 , 1996–2004, 2009–2010 ) (2010–2015 President)

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[kronbesitz-1] The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.

[2] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares