List of heads of state 1993

Overview
◄◄ | ◄ | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | List of Heads of State 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | ► | ►►
Other events

Africa

Egypt
- Head of State: President Husni Mubarak (1981–2011) (1981–1982 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Atif Muhammad Nagib Sidqi (1986–1996)

Algeria
- Head of State: Chairman of the High Council of State Ali Kafi (1992–1994)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Belaid Abdessalam (1992–21 August 1993)
  - Prime Minister Redha Malek (August 21, 1993–1994)

Angola

Head of State: President José Eduardo dos Santos (1979-2017)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Marcolino Moco (1992–1996)

Equatorial Guinea

Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Silvestre Siale Bileka (1992–1996)

Ethiopia
- Head of State: President Meles Zenawi (1991–1995) (1995–2012 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tamirat Layne (1991–1995)

Benin
- Head of State and Government: President Nicéphore Soglo (1991–1996) (Prime Minister 1990–1991)

Botswana
- Head of State or Government: President Quett Masire (1980–1998)

Burkina Faso
- Head of State: President Blaise Compaoré (1987-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Youssouf Ouédraogo (1992–1994)

Burundi
- Head of State:
  - President Pierre Buyoya (1987–10 July 1993, 1996–2003 )
  - President Melchior Ndadaye (July 10, 1993– October 21, 1993)
  - President François Ngeze (October 21, 1993– October 27, 1993)
  - Prime Minister Sylvie Kinigi (October 27, 1993–1994) (acting)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Adrien Sibomana (1988-10 July 1993)
  - Prime Minister Sylvie Kinigi (July 10, 1993–1994)

Djibouti
- Head of State: President Hassan Gouled Aptidon (1977–1999) (1977 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Barkat Gourad Hamadou (1978-2001)

Ivory Coast
- Head of State:
  - President Félix Houphouët-Boigny (1960–7 December 1993)
  - President Henri Konan Bédié (December 7, 1993–1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Alassane Ouattara (1990–11 December 1993) (President since 2010)
  - Prime Minister Daniel Kablan Duncan (December 11, 1993–1999, 2012–2017 )

Eritrea (independent since May 24, 1993)
- Head of State and Government: President Isayas Afewerki (since May 24, 1993)

Gabon
- Head of State: President Omar Bongo (1967–2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Casimir Oyé-Mba (1990–1994)

Gambia
- Head of State and Government: President Dawda Jawara (1970–1994) (Prime Minister 1965–1970)

Ghana
- Head of State or Government: President Jerry Rawlings ( 1979 , 1981-2001) (until January 7, 1993 Chairman of the Provisional National Defense Council)

Guinea
- Head of State and Government: President Lansana Conté (1984–2008)

Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State: President João Bernardo Vieira ( 1980–1984 , 1984–1999, 2005–2009 ) (1978–1980 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Carlos Correia (1991–1994, 1997–1998, 2008–2009, 2015–2016 )

Cameroon
- Head of State: President Paul Biya (since 1982)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Simon Achidi Achu (1992–1996)

Cape Verde
- Head of State: President António Monteiro (1991-2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Carlos Veiga (1991–2000)

Kenya
- Head of State and Government: President Daniel Arap Moi (1978–2002)

Comoros
- Head of State: President Said Mohamed Djohar (1989–1995, 1996 )
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ibrahim Halidi (January 1, 1993– May 26, 1993)
  - Prime Minister Said Ali Mohamed (May 26, 1993– June 19, 1993)
  - Prime Minister Ahmed Ben Cheikh Attoumane (June 20, 1993–1994)

Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; 1970–1992 People's Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State: President Pascal Lissouba (1992–1997) (Prime Minister 1963–1966)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Claude Antoine Dacosta (1992–23 June 1993)
  - Prime Minister Joachim Yhombi-Opango (June 23, 1993–1996) (President 1977–1979)

Lesotho
- Head of State: King Letsie III. (1990–1995, since 1996 )
- Head of Government:
  - Chairman of the Military Council Elias Phisoana Ramaema (1991–2 April 1993)
  - Prime Minister Ntsu Mokhehle (April 2, 1993–1994, 1994–1998 )

Liberia
- Head of State and Government: President of the Transitional Government of National Unity Amos Sawyer (1990–1994)

Libya
- Revolutionary leader: Muammar al-Gaddafi (1969–2011) (1969–1979 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
- Head of State: General Secretary of the General People's Congress Zantani Muhammad az-Zantani (1992-2008)
- Head of Government: General Secretary of the General People's Committee Abu Zaid Umar Durda (1990–1994)

Madagascar
- Head of State:
  - President Didier Ratsiraka (1975–27 March 1993, 1997–2002 )
  - President Albert Zafy (March 27, 1993–1996)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Guy Razanamasy (1991–9 August 1993)
  - Prime Minister Francisque Ravony (August 9, 1993–1995)

Malawi
- Head of State and Government: President Hastings Kamuzu Banda (1966–1994) (Prime Minister 1964–1966)

Mali
- Head of State: President Alpha Oumar Konaré (1992–2002)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Younoussi Touré (1992–12 April 1993)
  - Prime Minister Abdoulaye Sékou Sow (April 12, 1993–1994)

Morocco
- Head of State: King Hassan II (1961–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohammed Karim Lamrani ( 1971–1972, 1983–1986 , 1992–1994)

Mauritania
- Head of State: President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya (1984–2005) (1981–1984, Prime Minister 1984–1992)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar (1992–1996, 1998–2003 )

Mauritius

Head of State: President Cassam Uteem (1992–2002)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth (1982–1995, 2000–2003, 2014–2017 ) (2003–2012 President)

Mozambique

Head of State: President Joaquim Alberto Chissano (1986-2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Mário Fernandes da Graça Machungo (1976–1994)

Namibia
- Head of State: President Sam Nujoma (1990-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hage Geingob (1990–2002, 2012–2015 ) (since 2015 President)

Niger
- Head of State:
  - President Ali Saibou (1987–16 April 1993) (until 1989 President of the Supreme Military Council)
  - President Mahamane Ousmane (April 16, 1993–1996)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Amadou Cheiffou (1991–17 April 1993)
  - Prime Minister Mahamadou Issoufou (April 17, 1993–1994) (President since 2011)

Nigeria
- Head of State and Government:
  - President of the Governing Council of the Armed Forces Ibrahim Babangida (1985–26 August 1993)
  - Interim President Ernest Shonekan (August 26, 1993– November 17, 1993)
  - Chairman of the Provisional Government Council Sani Abacha (November 17, 1993–1998)

Rwanda
- Head of State: President Juvénal Habyarimana (1973–1994)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Dismas Nsengiyaremye (1992–18 July 1993)
  - Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana (July 18, 1993–1994)

Zambia
- Head of State or Government: President Frederick Chiluba (1991–2002)

Sao Tome and Principe
- Head of State: President Miguel Trovoada (1991–1995, 1995–2001 ) (1975–1979 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Norberto d'Alva Costa Alegre (1992–1994)

Senegal
- Head of State: President Abdou Diouf (1981–2000) (Prime Minister 1970–1980)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Habib Thiam ( 1981–1983 , 1991–1998)

Seychelles
- Head of State and Government: President France-Albert René (1977–2004) (1976–1977 Prime Minister)

Sierra Leone
- Head of State: Chairman of the Supreme Council of State Valentine Strasser (1992–1996)
- Head of Government:
  - Chairman of the Council of State Secretaries Solomon Musa (1992–5 July 1993)
  - Chairman of the Council of State Secretaries Julius Maada Bio (July 5, 1993–1995) (1996 Chairman of the Supreme State Council)

Zimbabwe
- Head of State and Government: President Robert Mugabe (1987–2017) (1980–1987 Prime Minister)

Somalia
- Head of State: President Ali Mahdi Mohammed (1991–1997)
- Head of
  Government: Prime Minister Umar Arteh Ghalib (1991–1993)
  - Somaliland (not internationally recognized)
    Head of State and Government:
    
    President Abd-ar-Rahman Ahmad Ali Tur (1991–16 May 1993)
    
    President Mohammed Haji Ibrahim Egal (May 16, 1993–2002) (1967–1969 Prime Minister of Somalia)

South Africa
- Head of State and Government: President Frederik Willem de Klerk (1989–1994)

Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Umar al-Bashir (1989–2019)

Swaziland
- Head of State: King Mswati III. (since 1986)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Obed Dlamini (1989–25 October 1993)
  - Prime Minister Andreas Fakudze (October 25, 1993– November 4, 1993) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Jameson Mbilini Dlamini (November 4, 1993–1996)

Tanzania
- Head of State: President Ali Hassan Mwinyi (1985–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Malecela (1990–1994)

Togo

Head of State: President Gnassingbé Eyadéma (1967-2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Joseph Kokou Koffigoh (1991–1994)

Chad
- Head of State: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Joseph Yodoyman (1992–7 April 1993)
  - Prime Minister Fidèle Moungar (April 7, 1993– November 6, 1993)
  - Prime Minister Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye (November 6, 1993–1995, 2007–2008 )

Tunisia
- Head of State: President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali (1987–2011) (Prime Minister 1987)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hamed Karoui (1989–1999)

Uganda

Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister George Cosmas Adyebo (1991-1994)

Western Sahara (controversial)
- Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz (1976-2016) (in exile)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mahfoud Ali Beiba ( 1982–1985 , 1988–1993, 1995–1999 ) (in exile)
  - Prime Minister Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun (September 19, 1993–1995, 1999–2003 ) (in exile)

Zaïre (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971, since 1997 Democratic Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State: President Mobutu Sese Seko (1965–1997)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Nguza Karl-I-Bond ( 1980–1981 , 1991–1992) Étienne Tshisekedi ( 1991 , 1992–18 March 1993, 1997 )
  - Prime Minister Faustin Birindwa (March 18, 1993–1994)

Central African Republic
- Head of State:
  - President André Kolingba (1981–22 October 1993)
  - President Ange-Félix Patassé (October 22, 1993–2003) (Prime Minister 1976–1978)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Timothée Malendoma (1992–26 February 1993)
  - Prime Minister Enoch Derant Lakoué (February 26, 1993– October 25, 1993)
  - Prime Minister Jean-Luc Mandaba (October 25, 1993–1995)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Ray Hnatyshyn (1990–1995)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Brian Mulroney (1984-25 June 1993)
  - Prime Minister Kim Campbell (June 25, 1993– November 4, 1993)
  - Prime Minister Jean Chrétien (November 4, 1993–2003)

Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988–1994)

United States of America
- Head of State and Government:
  - President George HW Bush (1989–20 January 1993)
  - President Bill Clinton (January 20, 1993–2001)

Central America

Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General
    - Wilfred E. Jacobs (1981-10 June 1993)
    - James Carlisle (June 10, 1993-2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Vere Cornwall Bird (1981–1994)

Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
  - Governor General : Clifford Darling (1992–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham (1992–2002, 2007–2012 )

Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
  - Governor General : Nita Barrow (1990–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lloyd Erskine Sandiford (1987–1994)

Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General :
    - Minita Gordon (1981-17 November 1993)
    - Colville Young (since November 17, 1993)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister George Cadle Price ( 1981-1984 , 1989-3 July 1993)
  - Prime Minister Manuel Esquivel ( 1984–1989 , July 3, 1993–1998)

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: President Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier (1990–1994)

Dominica
- Head of State:
  - President Clarence A. Seignoret (1983–24 October 1993)
  - President Crispin Sorhaindo (October 25, 1993–1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Eugenia Charles (1980–1995)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Joaquín Balaguer ( 1960–1962, 1966–1978 , 1986–1996)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Alfredo Cristiani Burkard (1989–1994)

Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Governor General : Reginald Palme (1992–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nicholas Brathwaite ( 1983–1984 , 1990–1995)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Jorge Serrano Elias (1991–1 June 1993)
  - President Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero (June 1, 1993– June 5, 1993)
  - President Ramiro de León Carpio (June 6, 1993–1996)

Haiti
- Head of State:
  - President Marc Bazin (June 15, 1992–1993) (acting)
  - President Jean-Bertrand Aristide ( 1991 , June 15, 1993–1994, 1994–1996, 2001–2004 )
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Marc Bazin (1992–30 August 1993)
  - Prime Minister Robert Malval (August 30, 1993–1994)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Rafael Leonardo Callejas (1990–1994)

Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
  - Governor General : Howard Cooke (1991-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Percival J. Patterson (1992–2006)

Cuba
Head of State and Head of Government: President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Fidel Castro (1976-2008) (1959-1976 Prime Minister)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (1990–1997) (1979–1980 member of the government junta for national reconstruction)

Panama
- Head of State and Government: President Guillermo Endara Galimany (1989–1994)

St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
  - Governor General Clement Athelston Arrindell (1983–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kennedy Simmonds (1983–1995)

St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Stanislaus A. James (1988–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Compton (1982–1996, 2006–2007 )

St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : David Jack (1989–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister James Fitz-Allen Mitchell (1984–2000)

Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State: President Noor Hassanali (1987–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Patrick Manning (1991–1995, 2001–2010 )

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Menem (1989–1999)

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Jaime Paz Zamora (1989–6 Aug 1993)
  - President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada (Aug. 6, 1993–1997, 2002–2003 )

Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Itamar Franco (1992–1995)

Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Patricio Aylwin (1990–1994)

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: President Sixto Durán Ballén (1992–1996)

Guyana
- Head of State: President Cheddi Jagan (1992–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sam Hinds (1992–1997, 1997–1999, 1999–2015 ) (1997 President)

Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President César Gaviria (1990–1994)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Andrés Rodríguez (1989–15 August 1993)
  - President Juan Carlos Wasmosy (August 15, 1993–1998)

Peru
- Head of State: President Alberto Fujimori (1990–2000)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Óscar de la Puente Raygada (1992–28 August 1993)
  - Prime Minister Alfonso Bustamante y Bustamante (August 28, 1993–1994)

Suriname
- Head of State: President Ronald Venetiaan (1991–1996, 2000–2010 )
- Head of Government: Vice-President Jules Ratankumar Ajodhia (1991–1996, 2000–2005 )

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Luis Alberto Lacalle (1990–1995)

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Carlos Andrés Pérez ( 1974–1979 , 1989–31 August 1993) (suspended from May 21)
  - President of Parliament Octavio Lepage (May 21, 1993– June 5, 1993) (acting)
  - President Ramón José Velásquez (June 5, 1993–1994) (acting until October 31)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bangladesh
- Head of State: President Abdur Rahman Biswas (1991–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khaleda Zia (1991–1996, 2001–2006 )

Bhutan
- Head of State and Government: King Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1972-2006)

Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)

Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State: President Lee Teng-hui (1988–2000)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hau Pei-tsun (1990-10 February 1993)
  - Prime Minister Lien Chan (February 10, 1993–1997)

People's Republic of China
- Head of State:
  - President Yang Shangkun (1988–27 March 1993)
  - President Jiang Zemin (March 27, 1993–2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Li Peng (1987–1998)

India
- Head of State: President Shankar Dayal Sharma (1992–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao (1991–1996)

Indonesia
- Head of State and Government: President Suharto (1967–1998)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Akihito (1989-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Miyazawa Kiichi (1991–9 August 1993)
  - Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa (August 9, 1993–1994)

Cambodia
- Head of State:
  - Chairman of the State Council Chea Sim (1992–14 June 1993)
  - Head of State: Norodom Sihanouk ( 1960–1970, 1975–1976 , June 14, 1993– September 24, 1993) ( 1941–1955, 1993–2004 King )
  - King Norodom Sihanouk ( 1941–1955 , 1993–2004) (1960–1970, 1975–1976, 1993 President)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)

North Korea
- Chairman of the National Defense Commission : Kim Il-sung (1948–1994)
- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Kim Il-sung (1972–1994)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kang Song-san ( 1984–1986 , 1992–1997)

South Korea
- Head of State:
  - President Roh Tae-woo (1988– February 25, 1993)
  - President Kim Young-sam (February 25, 1993–1998)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hyun Seung-jong (1992–25 February 1993)
  - Prime Minister Hwang In-sung (February 25, 1993– December 17, 1993)
  - Prime Minister Lee Hoi-chang (December 17, 1993–1994)

Laos

Head of State: President Nouhak Phoumsavanh (1992–1998)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Khamtay Siphandone (1991–1998)

Malaysia
- Head of State: Supreme Ruler Azlan Shah (1989–1994)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad (1981–2003, 2018–2020 )

Maldives
- Head of State or Government: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1978–2008)

Myanmar
- Head of State: Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development Than Shwe (1992–2011) (Prime Minister 1992–2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Than Shwe (1992–2003) (1992–2011 Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development)

Nepal
- Head of State: King Birendra (1972-2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala (1991–1994, 1998–1999, 2000–2001, 2006–2008 )

Pakistan

Head of State:

President Ghulam Ishaq Khan (1988– July 18, 1993)

President Wasim Sajjad (July 18, 1993– November 14, 1993, 1997–1998 ) ( Acting )

President Faruk Ahmad Khan Leghari (November 14, 1993–1997)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif (1990–18 April 1993, 1993, 1997–1999, 2013–2017 )

Prime Minister Balakh Sher Mazari (April 18, 1993– May 26, 1993) (acting)

Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif ( 1990–1993 , May 26, 1993– July 18, 1993, 1997–1999, 2013–2017 )

Prime Minister Moin Qureshi (July 18, 1993– October 19, 1993) (acting)

Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ( 1988–1990 , October 19, 1993–1996)

Philippines
- Head of State and Government: President Fidel Ramos (1992–1998)

Singapore
- Head of State:
  - President Wee Kim Wee (1985–1 September 1993)
  - President Ong Teng Cheong (September 1, 1993–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong (1990-2004)

Sri Lanka
- Head of State:
  - President Ranasinghe Premadasa (1989–1 May 1993)
  - President Dingiri Banda Wijetunga (May 1, 1993–1994) (Prime Minister 1989–1993)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Dingiri Banda Wijetunga (1989–7 May 1993) (1993–1994 President)
  - Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe (May 7, 1993–1994, 2001–2004, 2015–2018, 2018–2019 )

Thailand
- Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai (1992–1995, 1997–2001 )

Vietnam

Head of State: President Lê Đức Anh (1992–1997)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Võ Văn Kiệt ( 1988 , 1991–1997) (until 1992 Chairman of the Council of Ministers)

Middle East

Armenia
- Head of State: President Levon Ter-Petrosyan (1991–1998)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Khosrov Arutyunyan (1992-2. February 1993),
  - Prime Minister Hrant Bagratjan ( 1991–1992 , February 2, 1993–1996) (provisional until February 12, 1993)

Azerbaijan
- Head of State:
  - President Abulfas Eltschibei (1992–24 June 1993)
  - President Heidar Aliyev (June 24, 1993–2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Rahim Husseinow (1992–26 January 1993)
  - Prime Minister Ali Massimov (January 26, 1993– April 28, 1993)
  - Prime Minister Panach Husseinow (April 28, 1993– June 7, 1993)
  - Prime Minister Surat Husseinow (June 27, 1993–1994)
- Nagorno Karabakh (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State:
    - President of Parliament Georgi Petrosyan (1992–14 June 1993) (acting)
    - President of Parliament Garen Baburjan (June 14, 1993–1994) (acting)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Kocharyan ( 1992– December 1994) (1994–1997 President of Nagorno-Karabakh, 1997–1998, 2000 Prime Minister of Armenia, 1998–2008 President of Armenia)

Bahrain
- Head of State: Emir Isa II. (1971–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

Georgia

Head of State: President Eduard Shevardnadze (1992-2003)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Tengis Sigua ( 1991 , 1992–1993)

President Eduard Shevardnadze (August 6, 1993– August 20, 1993) (acting)

Prime Minister Otar Pazazia (August 20, 1993–1995)

Abkhazia (not recognized internationally)

Head of State: President Wladislaw Ardsinba (1992-2005)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Wascha Sarandija (1992–12 December 1993)

Prime Minister Socrat Djindscholija (1993–1994)

South Ossetia (not internationally recognized)

Head of State:

Speaker of Parliament Tores Kulumbegow ( 1992– October 1993)

President of Parliament Ludwig Tschibirow (October 1993-2001)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Oleg Teseev (1991–27 September 1993)

Prime Minister Gerasim Khugayev (November 1993–1994, 2001–2003 )

Iraq
- Head of State: President Saddam Hussein (1979–2003) (1979–1991, Prime Minister 1994–2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Muhammad Hamza az-Zubaidi (1991–5 September 1993)
  - Prime Minister Ahmad Hussain Chudair as-Sammara´i (September 5, 1993–1994)

Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) (Prime Minister 1981–1989)
- Head of State: President Akbar Hāschemi Rafsanjāni (1989–1997)

Israel
- Head of State:
  - President Chaim Herzog (1983-13 May 1993)
  - President Ezer Weizmann (May 13, 1993–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Yitzchak Rabin ( 1974–1977 , 1992–1995)

Yemen
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidential Council Ali Abdullah Salih (1990–2012) (President from 1994) (1978–1990 President of North Yemen)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas (1990–1994) (1985–1986 Prime Minister of South Yemen; 1986–1990 President of South Yemen)

Jordan
- Head of State: King Hussein (1952–1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Zaid ibn Shaker ( 1989 , 1991–29 May 1993, 1995–1996 )
  - Prime Minister Abdelsalam al-Majali (May 29, 1993–1995, 1997–1998 )

Qatar
- Head of State and Government: Emir Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani (1972–1995)

Kuwait

Head of State: Emir Jabir III. (1977–2006) ( 1962–1963, 1965–1978 Prime Minister )

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sa'ad al-Abdallah as-Salim as-Sabah (1978-2003) (2006 Emir)

Lebanon
- Head of State: President Élias Hrawi (1989–1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri (1992–1998, 2000–2004 )

Oman
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Qaboos ibn Said (1970–2020)

Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1982-2005)

Syria

Head of State: President Hafiz al-Assad (1971–2000) (1970–1971 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Mahmud Zuabi (1987–2000)

Turkey
- Head of State:
  - President Turgut Özal (1989–17 April 1993) (1983–1989 Prime Minister)
  - Chairman of the National Assembly Hüsamettin Cindoruk (April 17, 1993– May 16, 1993) (acting)
  - President Süleyman Demirel (May 16, 1993–2000) (1965–1971, 1975–1977, 1977–1978, 1979–1980, 1991–1993 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel ( 1965–1971, 1975–1977, 1977–1978, 1979–1980 , 1991–16 May 1993) (1993–2000 President)
  - Prime Minister Erdal İnönü (May 16, 1993– June 25, 1993) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Tansu Çiller (June 25, 1993–1996)

United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Zayid bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1971–2004) (1966–2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Maktum bin Raschid Al Maktum ( 1971–1979 , 1990–2006) (1990–2006 Emir of Dubai)

Central Asia

Afghanistan

Head of State: Chairman of the Islamic Council Burhānuddin Rabbāni (1992–1996)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Gulbuddin Hekmatyār (1993–1994, 1996 )

Kazakhstan

Head of State: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1991-2019)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sergei Tereschchenko (1991–1994)

Kyrgyzstan
- Head of State: President Askar Akayev (1991-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Tursunbek Tschyngyschew (1992–13 December 1993)
  - Prime Minister Almanbet Matubraimov (December 13, 1993– December 14, 1993)
  - Prime Minister Apas Dschumagulow (December 14, 1993–1998)

Mongolia
- Head of State: President Punsalmaagiin Otschirbat (1990–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Puntsagiin Jasrai (1992–1996)

Tajikistan
- Head of State: President Emomalij Rahmonow (since 1992)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Abdumalik Abdulladzhanov (1992–18 December 1993)
  - Prime Minister Abduzhalil Samadov (December 18, 1993–1994)

Turkmenistan
- Head of State and Government: President Saparmyrat Nyýazow (1991–2006)

Uzbekistan

Head of State: President Islom Karimov (1991-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdulxashim Mutalov (1992–1995)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Bill Hayden (1989–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paul Keating (1991–1996)

Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
  - Queen's Representative: Apenera Short (1990-2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Geoffrey Henry ( 1983 , 1989–1999)

Fiji
- Head of State:
  - President Penaia Ganilau (1987–16 December 1993) (1983–1987 Governor General)
  - President Kamisese Mara (December 16, 1993–2000) (Prime Minister 1970–1987, 1987–1992)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka (1992–1999)

Kiribati
- Head of State and Government: President Teatao Teannaki (1991–1994)

Marshall Islands
- Head of State and Government: President Amata Kabua (1986–1996)

Micronesia
- Head of State or Government: President Bailey Olter (1991–1997)

Nauru
- Head of State and Government: President Bernard Dowiyogo ( 1976–1978 , 1989–1995, 1996, 1998–1999, 2000–2001, 2003, 2003 )

New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Catherine Tizard (1990–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jim Bolger (1990–1997)

Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government: Prime Minister
  - Young Vivian (1992–9 March 1993, 2002–2008 ) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Frank Lui (March 9, 1993–1999)

Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
  - Governor General : Wiwa Korowi (1991–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paias Wingti ( 1985–1988 , 1992–1994)

Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : George Lepping (1988–1994)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Solomon Mamaloni ( 1981–1984 , 1989–18 June 1993, 1994–1997 )
  - Prime Minister Francis Billy Hilly (June 18, 1993–1994)

Tonga
- Head of State: King Taufaʻahau Tupou IV. (1970-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Baron Vaea (1991-2000)

Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General :
    - Toaripi Lauti (1990–1 December 1993) (1978–1981 Prime Minister)
    - Tomu Sione (December 1, 1993–1994)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Bikenibeu Paeniu (1989-10 December 1993, 1996-1999 )
  - Prime Minister Kamuta Latasi (December 10, 1993–1996)

Vanuatu

Head of State: President Frederick Karlomuana Timakata ( 1984 , 1989–1994)

Head of Government: Maxime Carlot Korman (1991–1995, 1996 )

Western Samoa (today Samoa )

Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tanumafili II. (1962-2007)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Tofilau Eti Alesana ( 1982–1985 , 1988–1998)

Europe

Albania
- Head of State: President Sali Berisha (1992–1997) (2005–2013 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Aleksandër Meksi (1992–1997)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France : François Mitterrand (1981–1995)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Joan Martí Alanís (1971-2003)
- Head of Government: District President Òscar Ribas Reig ( 1982–1984 , 1990–1994)

Belgium
- Head of State:
  - King Baudouin I (1951–31 July 1993)
  - Prime Minister Jean-Luc Dehaene (July 31, 1993– August 9, 1993) (acting)
  - King Albert II (August 9, 1993–2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-Luc Dehaene (1992–1999)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State: President : Alija Izetbegović (1992–1998, 2000 ) (from 1996 Chairman of the State Presidium)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mile Akmadžić (1992–25 October 1993)
  - Prime Minister Haris Silajdžić (October 25, 1993–1996, 1997–2000 ) (2008, 2010 Chairman of the State Presidency)

Bulgaria
- Head of State: President Schelju Schelew (1990–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lyuben Berow (1992–1994)

Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Poul Schlüter (1982–25 January 1993)
  - Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (January 25, 1993–2001)
- Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsman Bent Klinte (1988–1995)
  - Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Atli P. Dam ( 1970–1881, 1985–1989 , 1991–18 January 1993)
  - Prime Minister Marita Petersen (January 18, 1993–1994)
- Greenland (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsmann Steen Spore (1992–1995)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Lars-Emil Johansen (1991–1997)

Germany
- Head of State: Federal President Richard von Weizsäcker (1984–1994)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl (1982–1998)

Estonia
- Head of State: President Lennart Meri (1992–2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mart Laar (1992–1994, 1999–2002 )

Finland
- Head of State: President Mauno Koivisto (1982–1994) (1968–1970, 1979–1982 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Esko Aho (1991–1995)

France
- Head of State: President François Mitterrand (1981–1995)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Pierre Bérégovoy (1992-29 March 1993)
  - Prime Minister Édouard Balladur (March 29, 1993–1995)

Greece
- Head of State: President Konstantinos Karamanlis ( 1974, 1980–1985 , 1990–1995) (1955–1958, 1958–1961, 1961–1963, 1974–1980 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Konstantinos Mitsotakis (1990–13 October 1993)
  - Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou ( 1981–1989 , October 13, 1993–1996)

Ireland
- Head of State: President Mary Robinson (1990–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Albert Reynolds (1992–1994)

Iceland
- Head of State: President Vigdís Finnbogadóttir (1980–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Davíð Oddsson (1991-2004)

Italy
- Head of State: President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (1992–1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Giuliano Amato (1992–29 April 1993, 2000–2001 )
  - Prime Minister Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (April 29, 1993–1994) (President 1999–2006)

Yugoslavia
- Head of State:
  - President Dobrica Ćosić (1992–1 June 1993)
  - President Miloš Radulović (June 1, 1993– June 25, 1993) (acting)
  - President Zoran Lilić (June 25, 1993–1997)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Milan Panić (1992–9 February 1993)
  - Prime Minister Radoje Kontić (February 9, 1993–1998)

Channel Islands
- guernsey
  - Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Lieutenant Governor: Michael Wilkins (1990-1994)
- jersey
  - Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Lieutenant Governor: John Sutton (1990–1995)

Croatia
- Head of State: President Franjo Tuđman (1991–1999)
- Head of Government:
  - District President Hrvoje Šarinić (1992–29 March 1993)
  - District President Nikica Valentić (March 29, 1993–1995)

Latvia
- Head of State:
  - Speaker of Parliament Anatolijs Gorbunovs (1991–8 July 1993) (acting)
  - President Guntis Ulmanis (July 8, 1993–1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ivars Godmanis (1991–3 August 1993, 2007–2009 )
  - Prime Minister Valdis Birkavs (August 3, 1993–1994)

Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
- Head of Government :
  - Hans Brunhart (1978–26 May 1993)
  - Prime Minister Markus Büchel (May 26, 1993– December 15, 1993)
  - Prime Minister Mario Frick (December 15, 1993–2001)

Lithuania
- Head of State: President Algirdas Brazauskas (1992–1998) (Prime Minister 2001–2006)
- Head of Government:
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bronislovas Lubys (1992-10 March 1993)
  - Prime Minister Adolfas Šleževičius (March 10, 1993–1996)

Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Jean (1964–2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacques Santer (1984–1995)

Malta
- Head of State: President Ċensu Tabone (1989–1994)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edward Fenech Adami (1987–1996, 1998–2004 ) (2004–2009 President)

Isle of Man
- Head of State: Lord of Man Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Lieutenant Governor : Laurence Jones (1990–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Miles Walker (1986-1996)

Macedonia
- Head of State: President Kiro Gligorov (1991–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Branko Crvenkovski (1992–1998, 2002–2004 ) (2004–2009 President)

Moldova

Head of State: President Mircea Ion Snegur (1991–1997)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrei Sangheli (1992–1997)

Transnistria (not internationally recognized)
President: Igor Smirnov (1991–2011)

Monaco
- Head of State: Prince : Rainier III. (1949-2005)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Jacques Dupont (1991–1994)

Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Beatrix (1980-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers (1982–1994)

Norway
- Head of State: King Harald V (since 1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland ( 1981, 1986–1989 , 1990–1996)

Austria
- Head of State: Federal President Thomas Klestil (1992-2004)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Franz Vranitzky (1986–1997)

Poland
- Head of State: President Lech Wałęsa (1990–1995)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hanna Suchocka (1992–26 October 1993)
  - Prime Minister Waldemar Pawlak ( 1992 , October 26, 1993–1995)

Portugal
- Head of State: President Mário Soares (1986–1996) (1976–1978, Prime Minister 1983–1985)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva (1985–1995) (President since 2006)

Romania
- Head of State: President Ion Iliescu (1989–1996, 2000–2004 )
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nicolae Văcăroiu (1992–1996)

Russia
- Head of State: President Boris Yeltsin (1991–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Viktor Tschernomyrdin (1992–1998)

San Marino
- Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
  - Romeo Morri (October 1, 1992– April 1, 1993) and Marino Zanotti (October 1, 1992– April 1, 1993, 1997–1998 )
  - Patrizia Busignani (April 1, 1993– October 1, 1993) and Salvatore Tonelli (April 1, 1993– October 1, 1993)
  - Gian Luigi Berti (October 1, 1993– April 1, 1994) and Paride Andreoli (October 1, 1993– April 1, 1994, 1997 )

Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Carl Bildt (1991–1994)

Switzerland
- Federal President : Adolf Ogi (1993, 2000 )
- Federal Council :
  - Otto Stich (1984–1995)
  - Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1984-1998)
  - Flavio Cotti (1987-1999)
  - Arnold Koller (1987-1999)
  - René Felber (1988–31 March 1993)
  - Adolf Ogi (1988-2000)
  - Kaspar Villiger (1989-2003)
  - Ruth Dreifuss (April 1, 1993–2002)

Slovakia (independent since January 1, 1993)
- Head of State:
  - Prime Minister Vladimír Mečiar (January 1, 1993– March 2, 1993) (acting)
  - President Michal Kováč (March 2, 1993–1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Vladimír Mečiar (January 1, 1993–1994, 1994–1998 )

Slovenia
- Head of State: President Milan Kučan (1991–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Janez Drnovšek (1992–2000, 2000–2002 ) (2002–2007 President)

Spain
- Head of State: King Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Felipe González (1982–1996)

Czech Republic (independent since January 1, 1993)
- Head of State:
  - Prime Minister Václav Klaus (January 1, 1993– February 2, 1993, 2003–2013 ) (acting)
  - President Václav Havel (February 2, 1993–2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Václav Klaus (January 1, 1993–1997) (2003–2013 President)

Ukraine
- Head of State: President Leonid Kravchuk (1991–1994)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Leonid Kuchma (1992–22 September 1993) (1994–2005 President)
  - Prime Minister Juchym Swjahilskyj (September 22, 1993–1994) (acting)

Hungary
- Head of State: President Árpád Göncz (1990–2000)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister József Antall (1990–12 December 1993)
  - Prime Minister Péter Boross (December 12, 1993–1994)

Vatican city
- Head of State: Pope John Paul II (1978-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Cardinal State Secretary Angelo Sodano (1990-2006)
  - President of the Governorate Rosalio Lara (1990–14 October 1997)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Major (1990–1997)

Belarus

Head of State: Chairman of the Supreme Soviet Stanislau Schuschkewitsch (1991–1994)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Vyachazlau Kebitsch (1991–1994)

Republic of Cyprus

Head of State and Government:

President Georges Vassiliou (1988–28 February 1993)

President Glafkos Klerides (February 28, 1993–2003)

Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Rauf Denktaş (1983-2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Derviş Eroğlu (1985–1994, 1996–2004, 2009–2010 ) (2010–2015 President)

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[kronbesitz-1] The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.

[2] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares