Gulbuddin Hekmatyār

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Gulbuddin Hekmatyār or Gulbeddin Hekmatjar (* 1947 in Imam Saheb, Kunduz Province ; Pashtun ګلبدین حکمتیار; Persian گلبدین حکمتیار) is an Afghan politician who served twice as Prime Minister of Afghanistan in the 1990s. He is a Sunni and a member of the Charoti tribe of the Ghilzai - Pashtuns .

Life

Hekmatyār studied at the University of Kabul, but remained without a degree. While he initially sympathized with the pro-Soviet People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan , he later turned to radical political Islam. In the 1970s Hekmatyār became a member of the Islamist group "Muslim Youth Movement" or "Muslim Brotherhood" (Sazmane-i Dschawānān-i Musalmān) . From 1978 onwards, he fought the Nur Muhammad Taraki government , especially its educational policy, by force of arms . Hekmatyār is said to have driven past universities with his supporters on motorcycles and poured acid on the faces of unveiled female students. Hekmatyār denies this charge; According to him, he has never done violence to a woman. He is known as a tactician with constantly changing alliances, maintaining his loyalty to Pakistan for decades. During his tenure as Prime Minister-designate in the 1990s, he bombarded Kabul with rockets indiscriminately for months, killing thousands of civilians. This has also earned him the nickname "Butcher of Kabul".

Resistance to the Soviets

During the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan , the Pakistani secret service ISI supported the resistance against the Soviet occupation forces. Hekmatyār's Islamist group “ Hizb-i Islāmī ” (Party of Islam, Islamic Party) was one of the most financially, militarily and logistically supported mujahedin groups in the 1980s by Pakistan, the USA and Saudi Arabia . In 1987 alone Hekmatyār received $ 660 million from the USA. In 1989 the Soviet troops left Afghanistan.

Changing roles after the Soviet occupation

Hekmatyār became Prime Minister of Afghanistan on June 17, 1993. He lost his office in the power struggles of the 1990s, but was able to regain it for a few weeks in 1996. After the Taliban captured Kabul in 1996, he fled to Iran. In 2001 he sided with Osama bin Laden and in 2002 he called for jihad against the USA in a radio address .

Resistance to the United States

He was then expelled from the country by the Iranian government and returned to Afghanistan. It is believed that he fought the US there. In 2006 he announced in a published video that he wanted to cooperate with the al-Qaeda organization . According to an interview with Der Spiegel, he is equally against the policies of the USA and its allied European powers, such as against the Soviet Union at the time, but also as a Sunni against Iran. Apparently he is gathering new followers for his movement in eastern Afghanistan. His whereabouts were unknown for a long time.

On September 28, 2008, the Pajhwok Afghan News agency in Peshawar received a video in which Hekmatyār claimed to have ambushed Sarobi in August 2008 , killing 10 French soldiers and wounding 22. He expressed his condolences to the members of the fallen militias and read out the names of the ten militiamen killed in the battle. He also announced to the foreign troops in Afghanistan that they would carry out new attacks. He claimed that the population's resistance to the “foreign occupiers” was growing.

Peace agreement with the Afghan government

On September 22, 2016, a peace agreement between the “Islamic Party” (Hizb-i Islāmī) and the government of Ashraf Ghani was signed, which provides for an amnesty for Hekmatyār's crimes. Hekmatyār was not present when this agreement was signed. The UN sanctions against Hekmatyar were formally lifted in February 2017.

After two decades, Hekmatyār first appeared again in public at the end of April 2017. He called on the Taliban and other insurgents to end the war.

literature

  • Ishtiaq Ahmad: Gulbuddin Hekmatyar: An Afghan Trail from Jihad to Terrorism. Pan-Graphics, Islamabad 2004, ISBN 969-8796-00-2 .
  • Michael A. Faerber: Gulbuddin Hekmatyar: Afghanistan's persistent insurgent. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2003.
  • Carol Rose: Gulbadeen Hekmatyar: In person. Institute of Current World Affairs, Peshawar 1992 ( online , registration required).
  • The resistance grows. In the mirror . Hamburg 2007, 3 (January 15), p. 106, ISSN  0038-7452 .
  • Erich Follath: This nice gentleman leads an army of 20,000 terrorists. In the time . Hamburg 2016, 48 (November 17), pp. 6-7.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ statement by Wahid Mujda, a former member of the Department of the Hezb-e Eslami of political relations, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar: From Holy Warrior to Wanted Terrorist, see Related links.
  2. ^ Val Moghadam: Revolution, the State, Islam, and Women: Gender Politics in Iran and Afghanistan. Social Text 22 (Spring 1989), pp. 40-61, here p. 51, ISSN  0164-2472 .
  3. ^ Charles Hirschkind, Saba Mahmood: Feminism, the Taliban, and Politics of Counter-Insurgency. Anthropological Quarterly 75, 2 (Spring 2002), pp. 339-354, here p. 343, ISSN  0003-5491 .
  4. ↑ Hörstel: Interview (see links below).
  5. ^ Rüdiger Dingemann : Westermann Lexicon of trouble spots in the world. Conflicts and wars since 1945 , Westermann , Braunschweig 1996, ISBN 3-07-509516-8 . P. 85
  6. ^ Afghan warlord Hekmatyar claims French ambush ( Memento of October 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ); AFP report in the Pakistani Daily Times on September 30, 2008.
  7. ^ Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's group signs Afghan peace deal. In: www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved September 22, 2016 .
  8. ^ UN lifts sanctions against Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. Al Jazeera , accessed February 4, 2017 .
  9. ↑ "Butcher of Kabul" calls on Taliban for peace ( memento of the original from May 3, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. heute.de on April 29, 2017.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.heute.de
personal data
SURNAME Hekmatyār, Gulbuddin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hekmatjar, Gulbeddin; ګلبدین حکمتیار (psS); گلبدین حکمتیار (Persian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Afghan warlord and politician
DATE OF BIRTH 1947
PLACE OF BIRTH Imam Saheb, Kunduz Province