Jean (Luxembourg)
Jean von Nassau (born January 5, 1921 at Berg Castle in Colmar-Berg ; † April 23, 2019 in Luxembourg ) was Grand Duke of Luxembourg , Duke of Nassau from 1964 to 2000 . In German-speaking countries he was also called Johann .
Life
Childhood and youth
Prince Jean was born the eldest son of the Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg and Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma .
From 1934 the prince attended a private Catholic boarding school run by the Benedictines in Ampleforth, England, and was appointed Hereditary Grand Duke on January 5, 1939, after he had turned 18. During the Second World War , the grand ducal family was in exile with the government in Canada and Great Britain .
After Hereditary Grand Duke Jean had studied at the Canadian University of Laval ( Québec ), he joined the British regiment of the Irish Guards on November 29, 1942 and was an active soldier involved in the liberation of the continent. On June 11, 1944, he landed in Normandy and took part in the Battle of Caen and the liberation of Brussels . On September 10, 1944, the day the city of Luxembourg was liberated, Hereditary Grand Duke Jean was posted to Luxembourg, where he was enthusiastically received by the population that afternoon.
On September 13, 1944, he returned to his unit and took part in Operation Market Garden around Arnhem and the defense against the German Ardennes offensive . At the end of January 1945 he was involved in the conquest of the Reichswald northwest of Wesel and remained with the Allied troops in Germany until the end of the fighting.
marriage and family
Hereditary Grand Duke Jean married the Belgian Princess Joséphine Charlotte , who was over 6 years his junior and daughter of the Belgian King Leopold III, in the Cathedral of Luxembourg on April 9, 1953 . and his first wife Astrid of Sweden , as well as sister of the two Belgian kings Baudouin I and Albert II , who died on January 10, 2005 at the age of 77 after a long illness. There were five children from this marriage:
- the Grand Duke and former Hereditary Grand Duke Henri (* 1955), who has ruled since 2000 and has five children and five grandchildren
- Princess Marie-Astrid (* 1954), (⚭ Carl Christian Archduke of Austria), who has five children and three grandchildren
- Princess Margaretha (* 1957), (⚭ Nikolaus von Liechtenstein ), who had four children, one of whom died
- Prince Jean (* 1957), who has four children
- Prince Guillaume (* 1963), who has four children
Official duties
As Hereditary Grand Duke
On April 28, 1961, Grand Duchess Charlotte appointed Hereditary Grand Duke Jean as her governor, whereby he performed the official duties of the Luxembourg head of state on behalf of his mother.
After his mother's abdication on November 12, 1964, Grand Duke Jean ascended the throne and on the same day swore the constitutional oath before the Chamber of Deputies .
The time as Grand Duke
Grand Duke Jean exercised his office with the utmost discretion so as not to endanger his role as a non-partisan symbolic figure of the unity and independence of the state.
During his tenure, Luxembourg developed from an industrial and agricultural country , whose prosperity was based particularly on the steel industry , into a modern service center ( see also: Luxembourg's economic history ). From the end of the 1960s onwards, the first international banks settled in Luxembourg, and to the east of the historic city center of the capital, a 350-hectare area was opened up for institutions of the European Community / European Union, on which, for example, the European Parliament or the Court of Justice of the European Union . This new district, which is characterized by hypermodern architecture, is called Kirchberg and is not far from Findel , Luxembourg's international airport .
Abdication and last years
Grand Duke Jean, during whose term of office Luxembourg celebrated the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the legally binding recognition of its independence in 1989 and the centenary of the accession to the throne of the House of Nassau-Weilburg , transferred the current official duties to Hereditary Grand Duke Henri in March 1998, and finally on October 7, 2000 to the To renounce the Crown of the Grand Duchy. After his abdication, he moved from Berg Castle to Fischbach Castle , which his mother once lived in.
Shortly before Easter 2019, he was rushed to hospital for pneumonia but did not recover and died on Tuesday after Easter at the age of 98. The solemn requiem in the cathedral of Luxembourg with subsequent burial in the crypt took place on May 4, 2019.
title
His full name is Jean Benoît Guillaume Robert Antoine Louis Marie Adolphe Marc d'Aviano of Nassau. During his tenure, he held the titles of "His Royal Highness Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg , Duke of Nassau , Prince of Bourbon-Parma , Count Palatine of the Rhine , Count of Sayn , Königstein , Katzenelnbogen and Diez , Burgrave of Hammerstein , Lord of Mahlberg , Wiesbaden , Idstein , Merenberg , Limburg and Eppstein ”.
ancestors
| Pedigree Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Great-great-grandparents |
Duke |
Charles Ferdinand de Bourbon , |
King |
Hereditary Prince |
Duke |
Prince |
King |
Hereditary Prince |
| Great grandparents |
Duke |
King |
|
King |
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| Grandparents |
Duke Robert I (Parma) |
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| parents |
Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma (1893–1970) |
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Web links
- Jean on the side of the monarchy (French)
- Newspaper article about Jean in the press kit of the 20th century of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.bunte.de/royals/royals-weltweit/grossherzogtum-luxemburg/jean-von-luxemburg-das-grossherzogtum-trauert-der-ex-monarch-ist-tot.html
- ^ Publication of the official death report by the reigning Grand Duke Henri
- ^ Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Ed.): The Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg . 2003, ISBN 2-87999-017-3 , pp. 24 ( public.lu [PDF; accessed September 25, 2019]).
- ^ Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Ed.): The Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg . 2003, ISBN 2-87999-017-3 , pp. 25 ( public.lu [PDF; accessed September 25, 2019]).
- ^ Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Ed.): The Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg . 2003, ISBN 2-87999-017-3 , pp. 26 ( public.lu [PDF; accessed September 25, 2019]).
- ↑ Biography of Grand Duke Henri on monarchie.lu (French)
- ^ Grand Duke Jean Passes away
- ^ Jean Grand-Duc de Luxembourg . Editions Luxnews 1986,.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Charlotte |
Grand Duke of Luxembourg 1964-2000 |
Henri |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Jean |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Johann I .; Jean of Nassau; Jean Benoît Guillaume Robert Antoine Louis Marie Adolphe Marc d'Aviano (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Luxembourg nobleman, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 5, 1921 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Berg Castle, Colmar-Berg |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 23, 2019 |
| Place of death | Luxembourg |