List of heads of state 1992

Overview
◄◄ | ◄ | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | List of Heads of State 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | ► | ►►
Other events

Africa

Egypt
- Head of State: President Husni Mubarak (1981–2011) (1981–1982 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Atif Muhammad Nagib Sidqi (1986–1996)

Algeria
- Head of State:
  - President Chadli Bendjedid (1979–11 January 1992)
  - Chairman of the Constitutional Council Abdelmalek Benhabylès (January 11, 1992– January 14, 1992)
  - Chairman of the High Council of State Muhammad Boudiaf (January 14, 1992– June 29, 1992)
  - Chairman of the High Council of State Ali Kafi (July 2, 1992–1994)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sid Ahmed Ghozali (1991–8 July 1992)
  - Prime Minister Belaid Abdessalam (July 8, 1992–1993)

Angola
- Head of State: President José Eduardo dos Santos (1979-2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Fernando José de França Dias Van Dúnem (1991–2 December 1992, 1996–1999 )
  - Prime Minister Marcolino Moco (December 2, 1992–1996)

Equatorial Guinea
- Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Cristino Seriche Malabo Bioko (1982–4 March 1992)
  - Prime Minister Silvestre Siale Bileka (March 4, 1992–1996)

Ethiopia
- Head of State: President Meles Zenawi (1991–1995) (1995–2012 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tamirat Layne (1991–1995)

Benin
- Head of State and Government: President Nicéphore Soglo (1991–1996) (Prime Minister 1990–1991)

Botswana
- Head of State or Government: President Quett Masire (1980–1998)

Burkina Faso
- Head of State: President Blaise Compaoré (1987-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Youssouf Ouédraogo (June 16, 1992–1994) (newly created office)

Burundi

Head of State: President Pierre Buyoya (1987–1993, 1996–2003 )

Head of Government: Prime Minister Adrien Sibomana (1988–1993)

Djibouti
- Head of State: President Hassan Gouled Aptidon (1977–1999) (1977 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Barkat Gourad Hamadou (1978-2001)

Ivory Coast
- Head of State: President Félix Houphouët-Boigny (1960–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Alassane Ouattara (1990–1993) (President since 2010)

Gabon
- Head of State: President Omar Bongo (1967–2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Casimir Oyé-Mba (1990–1994)

Gambia
- Head of State and Government: President Dawda Jawara (1970–1994) (Prime Minister 1965–1970)

Ghana
- Head of State and Government: Chairman of the Provisional National Defense Council Jerry Rawlings ( 1979 , 1981–2001) (from 1993 President)

Guinea
- Head of State and Government: President Lansana Conté (1984–2008)

Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State: President João Bernardo Vieira ( 1980–1984 , 1984–1999, 2005–2009 ) (Prime Minister 1978–1980)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Carlos Correia (1991–1994, 1997–1998, 2008–2009, 2015–2016 )

Cameroon
- Head of State: President Paul Biya (since 1982)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sadou Hayatou (1991–9 April 1992)
  - Prime Minister Simon Achidi Achu (April 9, 1992–1996)

Cape Verde
- Head of State: President António Monteiro (1991-2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Carlos Veiga (1991–2000)

Kenya
- Head of State and Government: President Daniel Arap Moi (1978–2002)

Comoros
- Head of State: President Said Mohamed Djohar (1989–1995, 1996 )
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mohammed Taki Abdoulkarim (January 7, 1992– July 15, 1992) (1995, President 1996–1998) (new office created in 1992)
  - Prime Minister vacant (July 15, 1992–1993)

Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; 1970–15 March 1992 People's Republic of the Congo )

Head of State:

President Denis Sassou-Nguesso (1979–31 August 1992, since 1997)

President Pascal Lissouba (August 31, 1992–1997) (Prime Minister 1963–1966)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister André Milongo (1991–2 September 1992)

Prime Minister Stéphane Maurice Bongho-Nouarra (September 2, 1992– December 6 , 1992)

Prime Minister Claude Antoine Dacosta (December 6, 1992–1993)

Lesotho
- Head of State: King Letsie III. (1990–1995, since 1996 )
- Head of Government: Chairman of the Military Council Elias Phisoana Ramaema (1991–1993)

Liberia
- Head of State and Government: President of the Transitional Government of National Unity Amos Sawyer (1990–1994)

Libya
- Revolutionary leader: Muammar al-Gaddafi (1969–2011) (1969–1979 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
- Head of State:
  - Secretary General of the General People's Congress Abd ar-Razzaq as-Sausa (1990–18 November 1992)
  - General Secretary of the General People's Congress Zantani Muhammad az-Zantani (November 18, 1992–2008)
- Head of Government: General Secretary of the General People's Committee Abu Zaid Umar Durda (1990–1994)

Madagascar

Head of State: President Didier Ratsiraka (1975–1993, 1997–2002 )

Head of Government: Prime Minister Guy Razanamasy (1991–1993)

Malawi
- Head of State and Government: President Hastings Kamuzu Banda (1966–1994) (Prime Minister 1964–1966)

Mali
- Head of State:
  - Chairman of the Transitional Committee Amadou Toumani Touré (1991–8 June 1992, 2002–2012 )
  - President Alpha Oumar Konaré (June 8, 1992–2002)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Soumana Sacko (1991–9 June 1992)
  - Prime Minister Younoussi Touré (June 9, 1992–1993)

Morocco
- Head of State: King Hassan II (1961–1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Azzedine Laraki (1986–11 August 1992)
  - Prime Minister Mohammed Karim Lamrani ( 1971–1972, 1983–1986 , August 11, 1992–1994)

Mauritania
- Head of State: President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya (1984–2005) (1981–1984, Prime Minister 1984–1992)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya ( 1981–1984 , 1984–18 April 1992) (1984–2005 President)
  - Prime Minister Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar (April 18, 1992–1996)

Mauritius (since March 12, 1992 Republic)

Head of State:

Queen Elizabeth II (1968–12 March 1992)
Governor General: Veerasamy Ringadoo (1986–12 March 1992) (1992 President)

President Veerasamy Ringadoo (March 12, 1992– June 30, 1992) (1986–1992 Governor General)

President Cassam Uteem (June 30, 1992–2002)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth (1982–1995, 2000–2003, 2014–2017 ) (2003–2012 President)

Mozambique

Head of State: President Joaquim Alberto Chissano (1986-2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Mário Fernandes da Graça Machungo (1976–1994)

Namibia
- Head of State: President Sam Nujoma (1990-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hage Geingob (1990–2002, 2012–2015 ) (since 2015 President)

Niger

Head of State: President Ali Saibou (1987–1993) (until 1989 President of the Supreme Military Council)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Amadou Cheiffou (1991–1993)

Nigeria
- Head of State and Government: President of the Governing Council of the Armed Forces Ibrahim Babangida (1985–1993)

Rwanda
- Head of State: President Juvénal Habyarimana (1973–1994)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sylvestre Nsanzimana (1991–2 April 1992)
  - Prime Minister Dismas Nsengiyaremye (April 2, 1992–1993)

Zambia
- Head of State or Government: President Frederick Chiluba (1991–2002)

Sao Tome and Principe
- Head of State: President Miguel Trovoada (1991–1995, 1995–2001 ) (1975–1979 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Daniel Lima dos Santos Daio (1991–16 May 1992)
  - Prime Minister Norberto d'Alva Costa Alegre (May 16, 1992–1994)

Senegal
- Head of State: President Abdou Diouf (1981–2000) (Prime Minister 1970–1980)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Habib Thiam ( 1981–1983 , 1991–1998)

Seychelles
- Head of State and Government: President France-Albert René (1977–2004) (1976–1977 Prime Minister)

Sierra Leone
- Head of State:
  - President Joseph Saidu Momoh (1985– April 29, 1992)
  - Chairman of the Provisional National Defense Council Yahya Kanu (April 29, 1992)
  - Chairman of the Supreme Council of State Valentine Strasser (May 1, 1992–1996)
- Head of Government:
  - Chairman of the Council of State Secretaries John Benjamin (July 1992 – November 1992)
  - Chairman of the Council of State Secretaries Solomon Musa (November 1992–1993)

Zimbabwe
- Head of State and Government: President Robert Mugabe (1987–2017) (1980–1987 Prime Minister)

Somalia
- Head of State: President Ali Mahdi Mohammed (1991–1997)
- Head of
  Government: Prime Minister Umar Arteh Ghalib (1991–1993)
  - Somaliland (not internationally recognized)
    Head of State and Government: President Abd-ar-Rahman Ahmad Ali Tur (1991–1993)

South Africa
- Head of State and Government: President Frederik Willem de Klerk (1989–1994)

Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President of the Revolutionary Command Council for the Salvation of the Nation Umar al-Bashir (1989-2019) (from 1993 President)

Swaziland
- Head of State: King Mswati III. (since 1986)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Obed Dlamini (1989–1993)

Tanzania
- Head of State: President Ali Hassan Mwinyi (1985–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Malecela (1990–1994)

Togo

Head of State: President Gnassingbé Eyadéma (1967-2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Joseph Kokou Koffigoh (1991–1994)

Chad
- Head of State: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jean Alingué Bawoyeu (1991–20 May 1992) (1990 President)
  - Prime Minister Joseph Yodoyman (May 20, 1992–1993)

Tunisia
- Head of State: President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali (1987-2011) (1987 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hamed Karoui (1989–1999)

Uganda

Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister George Cosmas Adyebo (1991-1994)

Western Sahara (controversial)

Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz (1976-2016) (in exile)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Mahfoud Ali Beiba ( 1982–1985 , 1988–1993, 1995–1999 ) (in exile)

Zaïre (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971, since 1997 Democratic Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State: President Mobutu Sese Seko (1965–1997)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Nguza Karl-I-Bond ( 1980–1981 , 1991–15 August 1992)
  - Prime Minister Étienne Tshisekedi ( 1991 , August 15, 1992–1993, 1997 )

Central African Republic
- Head of State: President André Kolingba (1981–1993)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Edouard Franck (1991–4 December 1992)
  - Prime Minister Timothée Malendoma (December 4, 1992–1993)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Ray Hnatyshyn (1990–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Brian Mulroney (1984–1993)

Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988–1994)

United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President George HW Bush (1989–1993)

Central America

Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General Wilfred E. Jacobs (1981–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Vere Cornwall Bird (1981–1994)

Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
  - Governor General :
    - Henry Milton Taylor (1988–1 January 1992)
    - Clifford Darling (January 2, 1992-1995)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Lynden O. Pindling (1973–21 August 1992)
  - Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham (August 21, 1992–2002, 2007–2012 )

Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
  - Governor General : Nita Barrow (1990–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lloyd Erskine Sandiford (1987–1994)

Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Minita Gordon (1981–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister George Cadle Price ( 1981–1984 , 1989–1993)

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: President Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier (1990–1994)

Dominica
- Head of State: President Clarence A. Seignoret (1983–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Eugenia Charles (1980–1995)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Joaquín Balaguer ( 1960–1962, 1966–1978 , 1986–1996)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Alfredo Cristiani Burkard (1989–1994)

Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Governor General :
    - Paul Scoon (1978–6 August 1992)
    - Reginald Palme (August 6, 1992–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nicholas Brathwaite ( 1983–1984 , 1990–1995)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Jorge Serrano Elias (1991–1993)

Haiti

Head of State:

President Joseph Nérette (1991–19 June 1992) ( Acting )

President Marc Bazin (June 19, 1992–1993) (acting)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Jean-Jacques Honorat (1991–19 June 1992)

Prime Minister Marc Bazin (June 19, 1992–1993)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Rafael Leonardo Callejas (1990–1994)

Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
  - Governor General : Howard Cooke (1991-2006)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Michael Manley ( 1972–1980 , 1989–30 March 1992)
  - Prime Minister Percival J. Patterson (March 30, 1992-2006)

Cuba
Head of State and Head of Government: President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Fidel Castro (1976-2008) (1959-1976 Prime Minister)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (1990–1997) (1979–1980 member of the government junta for national reconstruction)

Panama
- Head of State and Government: President Guillermo Endara Galimany (1989–1994)

St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
  - Governor General Clement Athelston Arrindell (1983–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kennedy Simmonds (1983–1995)

St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Stanislaus A. James (1988–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Compton (1982–1996, 2006–2007 )

St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : David Jack (1989–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister James Fitz-Allen Mitchell (1984–2000)

Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State: President Noor Hassanali (1987–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Patrick Manning (1991–1995, 2001–2010 )

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Menem (1989–1999)

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government: President Jaime Paz Zamora (1989–1993)

Brazil
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Fernando Collor de Mello (1990–29 December 1992) (suspended from October 2, 1992)
  - President Itamar Franco (October 2, 1992–1995) (until December 29, 1992 acting)

Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Patricio Aylwin (1990–1994)

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Rodrigo Borja (1988-10 August 1992)
  - President Sixto Durán Ballén (August 10, 1992–1996)

Guyana
- Head of State:
  - President Hugh Desmond Hoyte (1985–9 October 1992) (1984–1985 Prime Minister)
  - President Cheddi Jagan (October 9, 1992–1997)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hamilton Green (1985–9 October 1992)
  - Prime Minister Sam Hinds (October 9, 1992–1997, 1997–1999, 1999–2015 ) (1997 President)

Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President César Gaviria (1990–1994)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Andrés Rodríguez (1989–1993)

Peru
- Head of State: President Alberto Fujimori (1990–2000)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Alfonso de los Heros (1991–6 April 1992)
  - Prime Minister Óscar de la Puente Raygada (April 6, 1992–1993)

Suriname
- Head of State: President Ronald Venetiaan (1991–1996, 2000–2010 )
- Head of Government: Vice-President Jules Ratankumar Ajodhia (1991–1996, 2000–2005 )

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Luis Alberto Lacalle (1990–1995)

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Andrés Pérez ( 1974–1979 , 1989–1993)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bangladesh
- Head of State: President Abdur Rahman Biswas (1991–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khaleda Zia (1991–1996, 2001–2006 )

Bhutan
- Head of State and Government: King Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1972-2006)

Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)

Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State: President Lee Teng-hui (1988–2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hau Pei-tsun (1990–1993)

People's Republic of China
- Party leader: General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Jiang Zemin (1989–2002) (1993–2003 President)
- Head of State: President Yang Shangkun (1988–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Li Peng (1987–1998)

India
- Head of State:
  - President R. Venkataraman (1987– July 25, 1992)
  - President Shankar Dayal Sharma (July 25, 1992–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao (1991–1996)

Indonesia
- Head of State and Government: President Suharto (1967–1998)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Akihito (1989-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Miyazawa Kiichi (1991–1993)

Cambodia
- Head of State:
  - Chairman of the State Council Heng Samrin (1979–6 April 1992) (until 1981 President of the Revolutionary People's Council)
  - Chairman of the State Council Chea Sim (April 6, 1992– June 14, 1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)

North Korea
- Chairman of the National Defense Commission : Kim Il-sung (1948–1994)
- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Kim Il-sung (1972–1994)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Yon Hyong-muk (1988–11 December 1992)
  - Prime Minister Kang Song-san ( 1984–1986 , December 11, 1992–1997)

South Korea
- Head of State: President Roh Tae-woo (1988–1993)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Chung Won-shik (1991–8 October 1992)
  - Prime Minister Hyun Seung-jong (October 8, 1992–1993)

Laos

Head of State:

President Kaysone Phomvihane (1991–21 November 1992) (1975–1991 Prime Minister)

President Nouhak Phoumsavanh (November 21, 1992–1998)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Khamtay Siphandone (1991–1998)

Malaysia
- Head of State: Supreme Ruler Azlan Shah (1989–1994)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad (1981–2003, 2018–2020 )

Maldives
- Head of State or Government: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1978–2008)

Myanmar
- Head of State:
  - Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development Saw Maung (1988–29 April 1992) (1988–1992 Prime Minister)
  - Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development Than Shwe (April 29, 1992–2011) (Prime Minister 1992–2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Saw Maung (1988–23 April 1992) (1988–1992 Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development)
  - Prime Minister Than Shwe (April 24, 1992–2003) (1992–2011 Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development)

Nepal
- Head of State: King Birendra (1972-2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala (1991–1994, 1998–1999, 2000–2001, 2006–2008 )

Pakistan
- Head of State: President Ghulam Ishaq Khan (1988–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif (1990–1993, 1993, 1997–1999, 2013–2017 )

Philippines
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Corazon Aquino (1986–30 June 1992)
  - President Fidel Ramos (June 30, 1992–1998)

Singapore
- Head of State: President Wee Kim Wee (1985–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong (1990-2004)

Sri Lanka
- Head of State: President Ranasinghe Premadasa (1989–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dingiri Banda Wijetunga (1989–1993) (1993–1994 President)

Thailand
- Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Anand Panyarachun (1991–7 April 1992, 1992 )
  - Prime Minister Suchinda Kraprayoon (April 7, 1992– May 24, 1992)
  - Prime Minister Meechai Ruchuphan (May 24, 1992– June 10, 1992) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Anand Panyarachun ( 1991–1992 , June 10, 1992– September 23, 1992)
  - Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai (September 23, 1992–1995, 1997–2001 )

Vietnam

Head of State:

Chairman of the State Council Võ Chí Công (1987-22 September 1992)

President Lê Đức Anh (September 22, 1992–1997)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Võ Văn Kiệt ( 1988 , 1991–1997) (until September 24, 1992 Chairman of the Council of Ministers)

Middle East

Armenia
- Head of State: President Levon Ter-Petrosyan (1991–1998)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Gagik Harutjunjan (1991–30 July 1992, 1993–1996 )
  - Prime Minister Khosrov Arutjunyan (July 30, 1992–1993)

Azerbaijan
- Head of State:
  - President Ayaz Mutallibov (1991–6 March 1992, 1992 )
  - President of Parliament Jagub Mamedow (March 6, 1992– May 14, 1992, 1992 ) (acting)
  - President Ayaz Mutallibov ( 1991–1992 , May 14, 1992– May 18, 1992)
  - Speaker of Parliament Issa Gambarow (May 18, 1992– June 16, 1992) (acting)
  - President Abulfas Eltschibei (June 16, 1992–1993)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hassan Hassanow (1991–7 April 1992)
  - Prime Minister Feirus Mustafayev (April 7, 1992– May 18, 1992) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Rahim Husseinow (May 18, 1992–1993)
- Nagorno-Karabakh (January 6, 1992 declaration of independence) (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State:
    - Speaker of Parliament Artur Mkrtchyan (January 7, 1992– April 14, 1992)
    - President of Parliament Georgi Petrosjan (April 14, 1992–1993) (acting)
  - Head of Government:
    - Prime Minister Oleg Jessajan (January 8, 1992 – August 1992)
    - Prime Minister Robert Kocharyan (August 1992–1994) (1994–1997 President of Nagorno-Karabakh, 1997–1998, 2000 Prime Minister of Armenia, 1998–2008 President of Armenia)

Bahrain
- Head of State: Emir Isa II. (1971–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

Georgia

Head of State:

President Sviad Gamsakhurdia (1991–6 January 1992)

Leader of the Jaba Iosseliani Military Council (January 6, 1992– March 10, 1992)

Military Council Leader Tengis Kitowani (January 6, 1992– March 10, 1992)

President Eduard Shevardnadze (March 10, 1992–2003)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Bessarion Guguschwilii (1991–6 January 1992)

Prime Minister Tengis Sigua ( 1991 , January 6, 1992–1993)

Abkhazia (independent since July 23, 1992) (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Wladislaw Ardsinba (July 23, 1992–2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Wascha Sarandija (July 23, 1992–1993)

South Ossetia (not internationally recognized)

Head of State:

Speaker of Parliament Snaur Gassiev (1991 – January 1992)

Speaker of Parliament Tores Kulumbegow (January 1992–1993)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Oleg Tesejew (1991–1993)

Iraq
- Head of State: President Saddam Hussein (1979–2003) (1979–1991, Prime Minister 1994–2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Muhammad Hamza az-Zubaidi (1991–1993)

Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) (Prime Minister 1981–1989)
- Head of State: President Akbar Hāschemi Rafsanjāni (1989–1997)

Israel
- Head of State: President Chaim Herzog (1983–1993)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Yitzchak Shamir ( 1983–1984 , 1986–13 July 1992)
  - Prime Minister Yitzchak Rabin ( 1974–1977 , July 13, 1992–1995)

Yemen
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidential Council Ali Abdullah Salih (1990–2012) (President from 1994) (1978–1990 President of North Yemen)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas (1990–1994) (1985–1986 Prime Minister of South Yemen; 1986–1990 President of South Yemen)

Jordan
- Head of State: King Hussein (1952–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Zaid ibn Shaker ( 1989 , 1991–1993, 1995–1996 )

Qatar
- Head of State and Government: Emir Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani (1972–1995)

Kuwait

Head of State: Emir Jabir III. (1977–2006) ( 1962–1963, 1965–1978 Prime Minister )

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sa'ad al-Abdallah as-Salim as-Sabah (1978-2003) (2006 Emir)

Lebanon
- Head of State: President Élias Hrawi (1989–1998)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Omar Karami (1990–13 May 1992, 2004–2005 )
  - Prime Minister Rashid as-Solh ( 1974–1975 , May 13, 1992– October 31, 1992)
  - Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri (October 31, 1992–1998, 2000–2004 )

Oman
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Qaboos ibn Said (1970–2020)

Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1982-2005)

Syria

Head of State: President Hafiz al-Assad (1971–2000) (1970–1971 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Mahmud Zuabi (1987–2000)

Turkey
- Head of State: President Turgut Özal (1989–1993) (1983–1989 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel ( 1965–1971, 1975–1977, 1977–1978, 1979–1980 , 1991–1993) (1993–2000 President)

United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Zayid bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1971–2004) (1966–2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Maktum bin Raschid Al Maktum ( 1971–1979 , 1990–2006) (1990–2006 Emir of Dubai)

Central Asia

Afghanistan

Head of State:

President Mohammed Najibullah (1987– April 16, 1992)

President Abdul Rahim Hatef (April 16, 1992– April 28, 1992) ( Acting )

President Sibghatullah Modschaddedi (April 28, 1992– June 28, 1992) (acting)

Chairman of the Islamic Council Burhānuddin Rabbāni (June 28, 1992–1996)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Fazal Haq Chaliqyar (1990–15 April 1992)

Prime Minister Abdul Sabur Farid (July 6, 1992l – August 15, 1992)

Kazakhstan

Head of State: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1991-2019)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sergei Tereschchenko (1991–1994)

Kyrgyzstan
- Head of State: President Askar Akayev (1991-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Andrei Iordan (1991–10 February 1992) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Tursunbek Tschyngyschew (February 10, 1992–1993)

Mongolia
- Head of State: President Punsalmaagiin Otschirbat (1990–1997)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Daschiin Bjambasüren (1990–21 July 1992)
  - Prime Minister Puntsagiin Jasrai (July 21, 1992–1996)

Tajikistan

Head of State:

President Rahmon Nabiev ( 1991 , 1991–7 September 1992)

President Akbarscho Iskandrov ( 1991 , September 7, 1992– November 19 , 1992) (acting)

President Emomalij Rahmonow (since November 19, 1992)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Isatullo Chajojew (1991–9 January 1992)

Prime Minister Akbar Mirsojew (January 9, 1992– September 21, 1992)

Prime Minister Abdumalik Abdulladzhanov (September 21, 1992–1993)

Turkmenistan
- Head of State and Government: President Saparmyrat Nyýazow (1991–2006)

Uzbekistan

Head of State: President Islom Karimov (1991-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdulxashim Mutalov (April 13, 1992–1995)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Bill Hayden (1989–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paul Keating (1991–1996)

Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
  - Queen's Representative: Apenera Short (1990-2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Geoffrey Henry ( 1983 , 1989–1999)

Fiji
- Head of State: President Penaia Ganilau (1987–1993) (1983–1987 Governor General)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Kamisese Mara ( 1970–1987 , 1987–2 June 1992) (1993–2000 President)
  - Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka (June 2, 1992–1999)

Kiribati
- Head of State and Government: President Teatao Teannaki (1991–1994)

Marshall Islands
- Head of State and Government: President Amata Kabua (1986–1996)

Micronesia
- Head of State or Government: President Bailey Olter (1991–1997)

Nauru
- Head of State and Government: President Bernard Dowiyogo ( 1976–1978 , 1989–1995, 1996, 1998–1999, 2000–2001, 2003, 2003 )

New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Catherine Tizard (1990–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jim Bolger (1990–1997)

Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Robert Rex (1974-12 December 1992)
  - Prime Minister Young Vivian (December 12, 1992–1993, 2002–2008 ) (Acting)

Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
  - Governor General : Wiwa Korowi (1991–1997)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Rabbie Namaliu (1988–17 July 1992)
  - Prime Minister Paias Wingti ( 1985–1988 , July 17, 1992–1994)

Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : George Lepping (1988–1994)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Solomon Mamaloni ( 1981–1984 , 1989–1993, 1994–1997 )

Tonga
- Head of State: King Taufaʻahau Tupou IV. (1970-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Baron Vaea (1991-2000)

Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Toaripi Lauti (1990–1993) (1978–1981 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bikenibeu Paeniu (1989–1993, 1996–1999 )

Vanuatu

Head of State: President Frederick Karlomuana Timakata ( 1984 , 1989–1994)

Head of Government: Maxime Carlot Korman (1991–1995, 1996 )

Western Samoa (today Samoa )

Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tanumafili II. (1962-2007)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Tofilau Eti Alesana ( 1982–1985 , 1988–1998)

Europe

Albania
- Head of State:
  - President Ramiz Alia (1982–3 April 1992) (until 1991 Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly) (1985–1991 party leader)
  - Speaker of Parliament Kastriot Islami (April 3, 1992– April 6, 1992) (acting)
  - President of Parliament Pjetër Arbnori (April 6, 1992– April 9, 1992) (acting)
  - President Sali Berisha (April 9, 1992–1997) (Prime Minister 2005–2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Vilson Ahmeti (1991-13 April 1992)
  - Prime Minister Aleksandër Meksi (April 13, 1992–1997)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France : François Mitterrand (1981–1995)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Joan Martí Alanís (1971-2003)
- Head of Government: District President Òscar Ribas Reig ( 1982–1984 , 1990–1994)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Baudouin I (1951–1993)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Wilfried Martens ( 1979–1981 , 1981–7 March 1992)
  - Prime Minister Jean-Luc Dehaene (March 7, 1992–1999)

Bosnia and Herzegovina (independent since March 3, 1992)

Head of State: President : Alija Izetbegović (March 3, 1992–1998, 2000 ) (Chairman of the State Presidium from 1996)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Jure Pelivan (March 3, 1992– November 9 , 1992)

Prime Minister Mile Akmadžić (November 9, 1992–1993)

Bulgaria
- Head of State: President Schelju Schelew (1990–1997)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister (1991–30 December 1992)
  - Prime Minister Lyuben Berow (December 30, 1992–1994)

Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Poul Schlüter (1982–1993)
- Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsman Bent Klinte (1988–1995)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Atli P. Dam ( 1970–1881, 1985–1989 , 1991–1993)

Germany
- Head of State: Federal President Richard von Weizsäcker (1984–1994)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl (1982–1998)

Estonia
- Head of State: President Lennart Meri (October 6, 1992–2001)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Edgar Savisaar (1991–29 January 1992)
  - Prime Minister Tiit Vähi (January 29 - October 21, 1992, 1995–1997 )
  - Prime Minister Mart Laar (October 21, 1992–1994, 1999–2002 )

Finland
- Head of State: President Mauno Koivisto (1982–1994) (1968–1970, 1979–1982 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Esko Aho (1991–1995)

France
- Head of State: President François Mitterrand (1981–1995)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Édith Cresson (1991–2 April 1992)
  - Prime Minister Pierre Bérégovoy (April 2, 1992–1993)

Greece
- Head of State: President Konstantinos Karamanlis ( 1974, 1980–1985 , 1990–1995) (1955–1958, 1958–1961, 1961–1963, 1974–1980 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Konstantinos Mitsotakis (1990–1993)

Ireland
- Head of State: President Mary Robinson (1990–1997)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Charles J. Haughey ( 1979–1981, 1982 , 1987–11 February 1992)
  - Prime Minister Albert Reynolds (February 11, 1992–1994)

Iceland
- Head of State: President Vigdís Finnbogadóttir (1980–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Davíð Oddsson (1991-2004)

Italy
- Head of State:
  - President Francesco Cossiga (1985–28 April 1992) (1979–1980 Prime Minister)
  - Senate President Giovanni Spadolini (April 28, 1992– May 28, 1992) (acting)
  - President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (May 28, 1992–1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti ( 1972–1973, 1976–1979 , 1989–28 June 1992)
  - Prime Minister Giuliano Amato (June 28, 1992–1993, 2000–2001 )

Yugoslavia
- Head of State:
  - Chairman of the Presidium Branko Kostić (1991–15 June 1992) (acting)
  - President Dobrica Ćosić (June 15, 1992–1993)
- Head of Government:
  - President of the Executive Federal Council Aleksandar Mitrović (1991–14 July 1992) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Milan Panić (July 14, 1992–1993)

Channel Islands
- guernsey
  - Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Lieutenant Governor: Michael Wilkins (1990-1994)
- jersey
  - Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Lieutenant Governor: John Sutton (1990–1995)

Croatia
- Head of State: President Franjo Tuđman (1991–1999)
- Head of Government:
  - District President Franjo Gregurić (1991–8 September 1992)
  - District President Hrvoje Šarinić (September 8, 1992–1993)

Latvia
- Head of State: Speaker of Parliament Anatolijs Gorbunovs (August 21, 1991–1993) (acting)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ivars Godmanis (August 21, 1991–1993, 2007–2009 )

Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
- Head of Government : Hans Brunhart (1978–1993)

Lithuania
- Head of State:
  - Chairman of the Constituent Assembly Vytautas Landsbergis (1990-25 November 1992)
  - Chairman of the Supreme Council of Algirdas Brazauskas (November 25, 1992–1998) (Prime Minister 2001–2006)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Gediminas Vagnorius (1991–21 July 1992, 1996–1999 )
  - Prime Minister Aleksandras Abišala (July 21, 1992– December 2, 1992)
  - Prime Minister Bronislovas Lubys (December 2, 1992–1993)

Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Jean (1964–2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacques Santer (1984–1995)

Malta
- Head of State: President Ċensu Tabone (1989–1994)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edward Fenech Adami (1987–1996, 1998–2004 ) (2004–2009 President)

Isle of Man
- Head of State: Lord of Man Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Lieutenant Governor : Laurence Jones (1990–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Miles Walker (1986-1996)

Macedonia
- Head of State: President Kiro Gligorov (1991–1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Nikola Kljusev (1991–17 August 1992)
  - Prime Minister Branko Crvenkovski (August 17, 1992–1998, 2002–2004 ) (2004–2009 President)

Moldova
- Head of State: President Mircea Ion Snegur (1991–1997)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Valeriu Muravschi (1991–1 July 1992)
  - Prime Minister Andrei Sangheli (July 1, 1992–1997)
- Transnistria (not internationally recognized)
  - President: Igor Smirnov (1991–2011)

Monaco
- Head of State: Prince : Rainier III. (1949-2005)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Jacques Dupont (1991–1994)

Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Beatrix (1980-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers (1982–1994)

Norway
- Head of State: King Harald V (since 1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland ( 1981, 1986–1989 , 1990–1996)

Austria
- Head of State:
  - Federal President Kurt Waldheim (1986–8 July 1992)
  - Federal President Thomas Klestil (July 8, 1992-2004)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Franz Vranitzky (1986–1997)

Poland
- Head of State: President Lech Wałęsa (1990–1995)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jan Olszewski (1991–5 June 1992)
  - Prime Minister Waldemar Pawlak (June 5, 1992– July 8, 1992, 1993–1995 )
  - Prime Minister Hanna Suchocka (July 8, 1992–1993)

Portugal
- Head of State: President Mário Soares (1986–1996) (1976–1978, Prime Minister 1983–1985)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva (1985–1995) (President since 2006)

Romania
- Head of State: President Ion Iliescu (1989–1996, 2000–2004 )
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Theodor Stolojan (1991–4 November 1992)
  - Prime Minister Nicolae Văcăroiu (November 4, 1992–1996)

Russia
- Head of State: President Boris Yeltsin (1991–1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Yegor Gaidar (June 15, 1992– December 14, 1992)
  - Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin (December 14, 1992–1998)

San Marino
- Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
  - Edda Ceccoli (October 1, 1991– April 1, 1992) and Marino Riccardi (October 1, 1991– April 1, 1992, 2004 )
  - Germano De Biagi ( 1979–1980, 1983–1984 , April 1, 1992– October 1, 1992) and Ernesto Benedettini (April 1, 1992– October 1, 1992, 2008–2009 )
  - Romeo Morri (October 1, 1992– April 1, 1993) and Marino Zanotti (October 1, 1992– April 1, 1993, 1997–1998 )

Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Carl Bildt (1991–1994)

Switzerland
- Federal President : René Felber (1992)
- Federal Council :
  - Otto Stich (1984–1995)
  - Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1984-1998)
  - Flavio Cotti (1987-1999)
  - Arnold Koller (1987-1999)
  - René Felber (1988–1993)
  - Adolf Ogi (1988-2000)
  - Kaspar Villiger (1989-2003)

Slovenia
- Head of State: President Milan Kučan (1991–2002)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Lojze Peterle (1991–14 May 1992)
  - Prime Minister Janez Drnovšek (May 14, 1992–2000, 2000–2002 ) (2002–2007 President)

Spain
- Head of State: King Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Felipe González (1982–1996)

Czechoslovakia (dissolution December 31, 1992)
- Head of State: President Václav Havel (1989–1992)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Marián Čalfa (1989–1992)

Ukraine
- Head of State: President Leonid Kravchuk (1991–1994)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Witold Fokin (1991–2 October 1992)
  - Prime Minister Valentin Symonenko (October 2, 1992– October 13, 1992) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Leonid Kuchma (October 13, 1992–1993) (1994–2005 President)

Hungary
- Head of State: President Árpád Göncz (1990–2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister József Antall (1990–1993)

Vatican city
- Head of State: Pope John Paul II (1978-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Cardinal State Secretary Angelo Sodano (1990-2006)
  - President of the Governorate Rosalio Lara (1990–1997)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Major (1990–1997)

Belarus

Head of State: Chairman of the Supreme Soviet Stanislau Schuschkewitsch (1991–1994)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Vyachazlau Kebitsch (1991–1994)

Republic of Cyprus

Head of State and Government: President Georges Vassiliou (1988–1993)

Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Rauf Denktaş (1983-2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Derviş Eroğlu (1985–1994, 1996–2004, 2009–2010 ) (2010–2015 President)

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[kronbesitz-1] The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.

[2] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares