Anand Panyarachun

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Anand Panyarachun

Anand Panyarachun ( Thai : อานันท์ ปัน ยา ร ชุน , pronunciation: [ ʔaːnan panjaːráʨʰun ]; born August 9, 1932 in Bangkok ) is a Thai diplomat, businessman and politician. Between 1991 and 1992 he was twice brief Prime Minister of Thailand . From 2003 to 2004 he was a member of the United Nations High Level Panel on Threats .

family

Anand Panyarachun is the youngest of twelve children of Phraya Prichanusat (Sern Panyarachun) and Khunying Prichanusat (Pruek Chotikasathien). His father had studied in England, was a high official in the royal government and rector of the Vajiravudh boarding school . After the end of the absolute monarchy , he published several newspapers. He was the first chairman of the Thai press association and, despite being a Buddhist, president of the Thai section of the Christian Young People's Association (YMCA). Anand is married to mom Rajawongse Sodsee Chakrabandh. Together they have two daughters and three grandchildren.

Education and career

School and study

Anand attended various schools during his school days. First he went to the Surasak School, from 1943 to 1945 he went to the Amnuay Silpa School (Thai-English curriculum), from 1945 to 1948 he was at the Bangkok Christian College. At 16, Anand was sent to Dulwich College in London , where he studied from 1948 to 1952. He then studied economics and law at Trinity College of Cambridge University , 1955 he received there the Bachelor (Honors). Anand has received an honorary degree and 23 honorary doctorates over time

Career as a diplomat and businessman

After his return to Thailand he worked for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , from 1959 to 1964 he was Secretary of the Foreign Minister. Then he was appointed First Secretary of the Thai delegation to the UN . In 1967 he was appointed ambassador to the UN and for Canada . Between 1972 and 1975 he worked as an ambassador to the UN and for the USA.

After his return to Thailand in 1976 he worked as State Secretary in the Foreign Minister, and in 1977 he was also appointed special envoy. He held his last position in the government for the time being as Ambassador for Thailand in the Federal Republic of Germany between 1977 and 1978.

In 1979 he left the civil service after being wrongly accused of being close to communism and subsequently worked as a manager for large companies. He became a director of the Saha Group. In 1980 he was named Vice President of the Thai Industry Association and in 1990 President. Between 1982 and 1984 Anand was President of the ASEAN Chamber of Commerce and Industry and from 1988 to 1990 President of the ASEAN Task Force. From 1986 to 1991 he was head of the ASEAN-USA Council.

Anand has also worked in numerous academic institutions:

He was Vice President of the Saha Group between 1985 and 1990 and, after January 1, 1991, Chairman of the Board.

Term of office as prime minister

On March 2, 1991, Anand was appointed Prime Minister of Thailand after a military coup by the National Peace Keeping Council . He ensured the improvement of the capital market , for the expansion of free trade within ASEAN ( AFTA ), introduced the value added tax instead of the trade tax . He also allowed private investments in public companies and granted private telecommunications licenses to today's telephone company "True". He resigned on March 22, 1992 when the general election was held, but remained in office until April 7, when General Suchinda Kraprayoon took over the government. After Suchinda had to resign as a result of mass protests and their bloody suppression in Black May , Anand was reappointed Prime Minister on June 10, 1992. This came as a surprise to the public, as Somboon Rahong was generally expected to be appointed by the Chart Thai party , which had been nominated by the previous ruling parties , which also had a majority in parliament. But King Bhumibol Adulyadej refused to appoint Somboon and instead appointed Anand. Although this was contrary to the constitution , it was welcomed by large parts of the public as a step towards overcoming the conflict. After less than four months in office, Anand resigned for good on October 1, after another general election, and resumed his role as CEO of the Saha Group.

Chairman of the Constitutional Committee and UN panels

Anand remained politically active and in 1997 chaired the committee that drafted the new constitution . That year he also received the Ramon Magsaysay Prize in the “Government Service” category.

In 2003, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan appointed Anand as Chair of the High Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change. The group presented its report in 2004, in which it identified the main threats to international peace and security and developed a concept for dealing with and combating these threats in order to achieve an order of collective security. This also included proposals to reform the United Nations .

From March 2005 to June 2006, Anand headed a 50-member National Reconciliation Commission that worked out proposals for resolving the conflict in southern Thailand .

In 2007 Anand became President of the Board of Directors of Siam Commercial Bank , the second largest bank in Thailand.

Political orientation

Anand Panyarachun was non-party throughout his life. He is considered a liberal royalist . The British political scientist Duncan McCargo , who specializes in Thailand, names Anand as one of the politicians who see no contradiction in the connection between progressive socio-political views and royalist-conservative core convictions. According to McCargo, he is a leader of the liberal wing of the Thai "Network Monarchy". For the Australian Asian scholar John Funston, Anand is a representative of “liberal corporatism ” in Thailand. The Australian political scientist Michael K. Connors describes Anand as one of the most important advocates of Thai liberalism . In doing so, he relies on Anand's commitment to democracy, the free market economy and economic decentralization.

Honors

Publications

  • To His Majesty Bhumibol Adulyadej on the 50th anniversary of the throne. Thailand-Rundschau of the German-Thai Society , Vol. 9 (1996), No. 2, pp. 48-51.
  • Anand was the head of the editorial board for the biography of King Bhumibol Adulyadej entitled: King Bhumibol Adulyadej: A Life's Work , Editions Didier Millet (March 16, 2012) ( ISBN 9814260568 )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b anandp.in.th: Biography (English)
  2. ↑ a b c d anandp.in.th: Biography with years (English)
  3. ↑ Harold E. Smith, Gayla S. Nieminen, May Kyi Win: Historical Dictionary of Thailand. 2nd Edition. Scarecrow Press, Lanham MD / Oxford 2005, pp. 25-26. Keyword “Anand Panyarachun”.
  4. ↑ Kobkua Suwannathat-Pian: Kings, Country and Constitutions. Thailand's Political Development, 1932-2000. Routledge Shorton, London / New York 2003, ISBN 0-7007-1473-1 , pp. 178-179.
  5. ↑ Background Saha Group ( Memento of the original from February 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sahagroup.com
  6. ^ Prize publication of the Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation for Anand Panyarachun
  7. ↑ A safer world. Our shared responsibility. Blue Series No. 89, 2004, German Society for the United Nations eV
  8. ↑ Jessica Heun: The planned reform of the United Nations. DIAS Commentary No. 37, February 2005, Düsseldorf Institute for Foreign and Security Policy.
  9. ^ Duncan McCargo: Thailand's National Reconciliation Commission. A flawed response to the Southern Conflict. (PDF; 157 kB) In: Global Change, Peace & Security , Volume 22, No. 1, February 2010, p. 75.
  10. ↑ Michael K. Connors: Thailand's Emergency State. Struggles and Transformations. In: Southeast Asian Affairs 2011. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore 2011, p. 295.
  11. ^ Duncan McCargo: Tearing Apart the Land. Islam and Legitimacy in Southern Thailand. Cornell University Press, 2008, note on p. 16.
  12. ^ Duncan McCargo: Tearing Apart the Land. Islam and Legitimacy in Southern Thailand. Cornell University Press, 2008, pp. 7-8.
  13. ^ John Funston: Thailand. In: Government and Politics in South East Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore 2001, p. 367.
  14. ↑ Michael Kelly Connors: Democracy and National Identity in Thailand. Routledge Shorton, London / New York 2003, p. 200.
  15. ↑ Biography of King Bhumibol Adulyadej

Web links

Note on Thai names : This article addresses people by their first name.
personal data
SURNAME Panyarachun, Anand
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Thai Prime Minister
DATE OF BIRTH August 9, 1932
PLACE OF BIRTH Bangkok