Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz
Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz ( Arabic فهد بن عبد العزيز آل سعود, DMG Fahd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Āl Saʿūd ; * 1921 or 1923 in Riyadh ; † August 1, 2005 ibid) was the fifth king of Saudi Arabia from 1982 until his death .
Early years
Fahd was the eleventh son of Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud and his sixth wife Hasa bint Sudairi (حصة بنت احمد السديري) born. He was one of the so-called Sudairi seven , the seven sons that the founder of the state had fathered with his wife Hasa bint Sudairi.
Fahd was raised under the royal care of his father. In his youth, Fahd attended the prince school in Riyadh. Then Fahd received further training at the “Religious Scientific Institute in Mecca”.
In 1932, the then eleven-year-old Fahd saw his father officially found the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through the Treaty of Jeddah .
In 1945, Fahd traveled to New York for the first time to attend the opening ceremony of the United Nations . On this trip he assisted his brother Faisal , who was Saudi Arabia's foreign minister at the time.
In 1953, Fahd was appointed Minister of Education by his father. In the same year he made his first official state visit to Queen Elizabeth II on behalf of the royal family.
In 1959, Fahd headed the Saudi delegation to the Arab League . This task marked his rise in the Saudi royal family to the outside world. On October 13, 1962, he became Minister of the Interior , and in 1967 he assumed the important office of Second Deputy Prime Minister .
On March 25, 1975, King Faisal was murdered by his nephew Faisal ibn Musa'id. Faisal's successor was Chalid ibn Abd al-Aziz . Fahd thus became Crown Prince and First Deputy Prime Minister. Especially in the last few years of King Khalid's reign, Fahd was seen as the de facto prime minister.
family
Fahd was married five times in his life. Nine sons and five daughters were born from these marriages.
His first wife was Princess Al-Anud Bint Abdul Aziz Bin Musaid Al-Jiluwi Al-Saud (1928–1999). The marriage was concluded around 1945. She had lived in Los Angeles since 1996 for cancer treatment, where she died on March 8, 1999. The marriage did not end in divorce, it lasted until the death of Princess Al-Anud. Sons: Prince Faisal, Prince Khalid (* 1947), Prince Saud (* October 8, 1950), Prince Sultan (* 1951) and Prince Abdul Rahman. Daughters: Princess Al-Anud, Princess Al-Jawhara, Princess Nura and Princess Latifa.
Fahd's second wife was called Princess Jawza Bint Abdullah Bin Abdul Rahman Al-Saud (* 1930) and lives in the US state of Arizona. The marriage ended in divorce. Sons: Prince Mohammed (* 1948) and Prince Turki. Daughter: Princess Lulua.
Fahd's third wife was the Egyptian Safinaz Nur. The marriage was divorced a short time later.
Fahd's fourth wife is called Princess Al-Jawhara Bint Ibrahim Al-Ibrhaim (* 1945), the marriage was concluded in 1970. Princess Jawhara is very involved in the kingdom's women's politics. With her, Fahd had a son: Prince Abdul Aziz.
Fahd's fifth wife was called Janan Bint Harb. The marriage ended in March 1968, but ended again in 1970 due to pressure from Fahd's brothers. She is a Palestinian who now lives in Great Britain. The marriage was kept secret for a long time and only became known after Fahd's death.
Domination
Fahd was made king on June 13, 1982 . As king, he continued efforts to diversify the Saudi economy to reduce dependence on oil production and world oil prices . The economic problems grew despite the oil wealth. In addition, since the 1980s, with the fall in oil prices, the country's budget deficit has grown . The inflation could not be successfully combated.
A serious crisis broke out in 1990/91 when Iraq occupied the Emirate of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia had to avail itself of the protection of an international coalition under the leadership of the USA to defend the borders and liberate Kuwait. However, the stationing of US troops led to increasing criticism of Islamic fundamentalists against the Saudi royal family. Terrorist attacks by Islamic extremists against foreign institutions in Saudi Arabia have increased since the end of the 1990s .
Since the terrorist attacks in New York on September 11, 2001, the country has also been pilloried as a financial supporter of global Islamic terrorism. Since the Islamists have also turned against the ruling Saud royal family, these forces have been increasingly persecuted in Saudi Arabia, and so far considerable successes have been achieved in persecuting and fighting them.
King Fahd's court biographer Hussein Abbas wrote that Fahd's national goal was the “democratic opening” of his country. But democratization of the country was out of the question for Fahd, because "the people of this region in the world are unsuitable for the democratic understanding of the western states of the world".
While maintaining the basic feudal structures, King Fahd pursued a progressive, pragmatic, pro-Western course in domestic politics, above all towards economic modernization. Fahd was primarily seen as an economist.
Clinical picture
After Fahd suffered a stroke on November 29, 1995, his brother, Crown Prince Abdullah , effectively ran the king's business. Abdullah confirmed Fahd's full brother Sultan ibn Abd al-Aziz as number two in line to the throne in 1992 .
Fahd died on August 1, 2005 of complications from a lung disease for which he had been hospitalized on May 27, 2005.
See also
literature
- Fahd bin Abdul Asis al Saud , in: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 04/2006 of January 28, 2006, in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely available)
Web links
Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud (1932–1953) | Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz (1953–1964) | Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz (1964–1975) | Chalid ibn Abd al-Aziz (1975-1982) | Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1982-2005) | Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz (2005-2015) | Salman ibn Abd al-Aziz (since 2015)
Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz (1933–1953) | Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz (1953–1964) | Chalid ibn Abd al-Aziz (1964–1975) | Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1975–1982) | Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz (1982-2005) | Sultan ibn Abd al-Aziz (2005-2011) | Naif ibn Abd al-Aziz (2011–2012) | Salman ibn Abd al-Aziz (2012-2015) | Muqrin ibn Abd al-Aziz (2015) | Mohammed ibn Naif (2015-2017) | Mohammed bin Salman (since 2017)
Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1967–1975) | Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz (1975–1982) | Sultan ibn Abd al-Aziz (1982-2005) | Naif ibn Abd al-Aziz (2009-2011) | Muqrin ibn Abd al-Aziz (2013-2015) | Mohammed ibn Naif (2015) | Mohammed bin Salman (since 2015)
Abdullah ibn Faisal (1951-1959) | Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz (1959-1960) | Musaed ibn Abdulrahman (1960) | Abdul Muhsin ibn Abd al-Aziz (1960–1961) | Faisal ibn Turki I (1961–1962) | Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1962–1975) | Naif ibn Abd al-Aziz (1975–2012) | Ahmed ibn Abd al-Aziz (2012) | Mohammed ibn Naif (2012-2017) | Abdulaziz bin Saud Al Saud (since 2017)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | فهد بن عبد العزيز آل سعود (Arabic) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Saudi Arabian King (1982-2005) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1921 or 1923 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Riad |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 1, 2005 |
| Place of death | Riad |