Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz
Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz ( Arabic فيصل بن عبد العزيز آل سعود, DMG Faiṣal ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Āl Saʿūd ; * April 1906 in Riyadh ; † March 25, 1975 ) was King of Saudi Arabia from 1964 to 1975.
From birth to the accession to the throne
Faisal was born as the son of Abd al-Aziz al Saud , the founder of Saudi Arabia, and the first son of his third wife Tarfa bint Abdullah ibn Abd-al Latif al Shaykh. After the death of a half-brother in 1919, he was his father's second oldest son. He took part in his campaigns to subjugate the Arabian Peninsula. In 1925 he led the troops in the decisive battle against Hussain ibn Ali , the king of the kingdom of the Hejaz, and then became viceroy of the Hejaz . In 1932 Faisal became the Kingdom's foreign minister. After his father's death in 1953, his older half-brother became SaudKönig, Faisal took over the office of Prime Minister (1958–1960 and 1962–1964). Disagreements soon arose over whether to continue modernizing the country.
Faisal succeeded in increasingly ousting his brother from politics. Faisal became regent in March 1964, and on November 2 of the same year Saud was deposed as king and Faisal succeeded him.
Faisal as king
As king he personally took over the government and abolished the office of prime minister. He banned the import of luxury goods and cut the salaries of the thousands of royal families. Industrial development was promoted through economic plans. In addition, the social system was further expanded through the oil revenues. In the Middle East conflict he supported the Arab states financially in their fight against Israel . On the occasion of the Yom Kippur War in 1973, OPEC reduced oil production and plunged the western industrial nations into considerable economic problems ( oil crisis ).
Faisal confessed to believe in the authenticity of the anti-Semitic inflammatory pamphlet Protocols of the Elders of Zion . He was considered pro-Turkish and campaigned for diplomatic relations between Turkey and Saudi Arabia.
assassination
On March 25, 1975, Faisal was murdered. After he was assassinated in an audience, he died on the way to the hospital or shortly after arriving there. He was succeeded by his half-brother Chalid .
The assassin Faisal ibn Musaid (1947–1975) was his nephew, a son of his half-brother Musa'id (1923–2013). He was arrested and declared insane. In the subsequent court hearing, he was found guilty of regicide and was publicly beheaded just a few hours after the verdict.
The background for this act was many years ago. When television was introduced in Saudi Arabia in the 1960s with the consent of the Islamic clergy, ultra-conservative forces in the country wanted to prevent this. At the time, a group of demonstrators tried to storm the television tower and overturn it. But this was guarded by the police; During an exchange of fire between the demonstrators and the police, the later assassin's brother was shot. When he urged the king to punish the policeman who shot his brother, Faisal was tough and said that the brother killed was wrong because he opened fire and the policeman was only acting in self-defense.
Due to the fact that the assassin had only returned from the USA shortly before his act and had previously visited the capital of Lebanon ( Beirut ) and the GDR , there were various speculations about further possible backgrounds of the crime, which could never be confirmed .
family
Faisal has a total of 21 children from four women, including eight sons.
Sons of Faisal
- Abdullah ibn Faisal (1921-2007), Minister from 1949 to 1959
- Saud ibn Faisal (1940-2015), Foreign Minister (1975-2015)
- Chalid ibn Faisal (* 1940), Minister of Education since 2013
- Turki ibn Faisal (* 1945), former head of the secret service (1977–2001)
See also
literature
- Faisal bin Abdul Asis bin Saud , in: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 30/1975 of July 14, 1975, in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely available)
Web links
- King Faisal Foundation English language website with information about the King Faisal Research Award and the King Faisal Research Center
- Newspaper article about Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sad for the USA, sad for Israel too, Der Spiegel 14/1975 of March 31, 1975
- ^ Descendants of Faisal
Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud (1932–1953) | Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz (1953–1964) | Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz (1964–1975) | Chalid ibn Abd al-Aziz (1975-1982) | Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1982-2005) | Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz (2005-2015) | Salman ibn Abd al-Aziz (since 2015)
Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz (1933–1953) | Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz (1953–1964) | Chalid ibn Abd al-Aziz (1964–1975) | Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1975–1982) | Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz (1982-2005) | Sultan ibn Abd al-Aziz (2005-2011) | Naif ibn Abd al-Aziz (2011–2012) | Salman ibn Abd al-Aziz (2012-2015) | Muqrin ibn Abd al-Aziz (2015) | Mohammed ibn Naif (2015-2017) | Mohammed bin Salman (since 2017)
Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz (1930–1960) | Ibrahim ibn Abdullah Al Suwaiyel (1960–1962) | Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz (1962–1975) | Saud ibn Faisal (1975-2015) | Adel al-Jubeir (since 2015)
Abdullah ibn Faisal (1951-1959) | Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz (1959-1960) | Musaed ibn Abdulrahman (1960) | Abdul Muhsin ibn Abd al-Aziz (1960–1961) | Faisal ibn Turki I (1961–1962) | Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1962–1975) | Naif ibn Abd al-Aziz (1975–2012) | Ahmed ibn Abd al-Aziz (2012) | Mohammed ibn Naif (2012-2017) | Abdulaziz bin Saud Al Saud (since 2017)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | فيصل بن عبد العزيز آل سعود (Arabic) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Saudi Arabian King (1964–1975) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 1906 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Riad |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 25, 1975 |