Taoiseach

Taoiseach
Irish government logo
Acting Taoiseach Micheál Martin since June 27, 2020
Salutation	Taoiseach (English) A Thaoisigh (Irish)
was standing	Head of government
member of	Parliament (Lower House of Parliament) Government Council of State European Council
Responsible to	Dáil Éireann
Official seat	Government Buildings , Dublin , Ireland
Nominator	Dáil Éireann
Professional	president
Term of office	No fixed term of office
Inaugural Office Holder	Éamon de Valera
Creation of office	December 29, 1937
Last choice	June 27, 2020
Deputy	Tánaiste
wage	€ 192,233
Website	www.taoiseach.ie

Taoiseach  [ t̪iːʃəx ] (plural: Taoisigh [⁠ t̪iːʃiː ⁠] , [⁠ t̪iːʃɪg ⁠] ) is the Irish-language title of the Irish Government or the Prime Minister. The word appears in German sometimes with the Irish definite article to Taoiseach .

The Taoiseach is nominated by the Irish House of Representatives ( Dáil Éireann ), then determined by the Irish President and required to remain in office, the Dáil's trust. The incumbent Taoiseach has been Micheál Martin , a member of the Fianna Fáil party , since June 27, 2020 .

overview

According to the Irish Constitution , the Taoiseach must be nominated by the House of Representatives (Dáil Éireann) of Parliament. In the event that the Taoiseach loses the Dáil's trust, there are two options. He can either resign or try to convince the President to dissolve the Dáil. The President can refuse this request and thus force the Taoiseach to resign. However, such a situation has not yet occurred. The Dáil can withdraw trust from the Taoiseach by a successful vote of no confidence , a failed vote of confidence, or by refusing to support. In the event of resignation, the resigned Taoiseach continues to exercise the offices until a successor is appointed.

The Taoiseach nominates the members of its government, who are then appointed by the president with the approval of the Dáil. The Taoiseach has the option to expel members from the cabinet. Among the ministers who were "discharged" were figures such as Charles J. Haughey and Neil Blaney in 1970, Brian Lenihan in 1990 and Albert Reynolds , Pádraig Flynn and Máire Geoghegan-Quinn in 1991. He is responsible for the nomination of eleven members of the Irish House of Lords , of the Seanad Éireann .

history

Word origin

The words Taoiseach and Tánaiste (title of Vice Prime Minister) both come from the Irish language and have pre-medieval origins. Although the Taoiseach is described in the constitution as "head of government or prime minister", the original meaning of the word was "leader" or "chief". The old Irish form is toísech , too old Irish tuus , "guidance".

The earliest known evidence of the term comes from a bilingual inscription from Wales dating from the 5th or 6th century, where it is used identically in both archaic Irish in Ogham script and in British language in Latin script (TOVISACI, genitive to tovisacos ) becomes.

The Irish form of address is a Thaoisigh [ əˈhiːʃiː ] or [ əˈhiːʃɪg ].

Modern history

The office of Taoiseach was created by the Irish Constitution in 1937 and replaced the position of Chairman of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State , although the two offices differed in some fundamental ways. The chairman of the executive council had far fewer powers as he could neither dismiss individual ministers (only the cabinet as a whole) nor dissolve the lower house.

There have been multi-party governments in Ireland in the past - in one such case the Taoiseach (with one exception) was always the leader of the strongest ruling party. The exception was John A. Costello, who held office as a compromise proposal instead of Richard Mulcahy (chairman of Fine Gael), as Mulcahy was not supported by the other governing parties.

List of Taoisigh

#	Surname			Political party
1.	Éamon de Valera	December 29, 1937	February 18, 1948	Fianna Fáil
2.	John A. Costello	February 18, 1948	June 13, 1951	Fine Gael
	Éamon de Valera	June 13, 1951	June 2, 1954	Fianna Fáil
	John A. Costello	June 2, 1954	March 20, 1957	Fine Gael
	Éamon de Valera	March 20, 1957	June 23, 1959	Fianna Fáil
3.	Seán Lemass	June 23, 1959	November 10, 1966	Fianna Fáil
4th	Jack Lynch	November 10, 1966	March 14, 1973	Fianna Fáil
5.	Liam Cosgrave	March 14, 1973	5th July 1977	Fine Gael
	Jack Lynch	5th July 1977	December 11, 1979	Fianna Fáil
6th	Charles J. Haughey	December 11, 1979	June 30, 1981	Fianna Fáil
7th	Garret FitzGerald	June 30, 1981	March 9, 1982	Fine Gael
	Charles J. Haughey	March 9, 1982	December 14, 1982	Fianna Fáil
	Garret FitzGerald	December 14, 1982	March 10, 1987	Fine Gael
	Charles J. Haughey	March 10, 1987	February 11, 1992	Fianna Fáil
8th.	Albert Reynolds	February 11, 1992	December 15, 1994	Fianna Fáil
9.	John Bruton	December 15, 1994	June 26, 1997	Fine Gael
10.	Bertie Ahern	June 26, 1997	May 6, 2008	Fianna Fáil
11.	Brian Cowen	May 7, 2008	March 9, 2011	Fianna Fáil
12.	Enda Kenny	March 9, 2011	June 13, 2017	Fine Gael
13.	Leo Varadkar	June 14, 2017	June 27, 2020	Fine Gael
14th	Micheál Martin	June 27, 2020	officiating	Fianna Fáil

Footnotes

1. ↑ This refusal ( Engl. Loss of Supply ) has not once taken place, the budget of the then government in January 1982 as the Dáil Fine Gael and Labor Party under Garret FitzGerald not approved. FitzGerald then asked President Patrick Hillery to dissolve the Dáil, which he approved.
2. ↑ Article 13.1.1 and Article 28.5.1
3. ↑ Sabine Ziegler: The language of the old Irish Ogam inscriptions , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht , Göttingen, 1997, ISBN 3-525-26225-6 , p. 98.
4. ^ John Thomas Koch, Celtic Culture: a Historical Encyclopedia, 2006, Volume 3, p. 1062