List of Heads of State 1994

Overview
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Africa

Egypt
- Head of State: President Husni Mubarak (1981–2011) (1981–1982 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Atif Muhammad Nagib Sidqi (1986–1996)

Algeria
- Head of State:
  - Chairman of the High State Council Ali Kafi (1992–31 January 1994)
  - President Liamine Zéroual (January 31, 1994–1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Redha Malek (1993–11 April 1994)
  - Prime Minister Mokdad Sifi (April 11, 1994–1995)

Angola

Head of State: President José Eduardo dos Santos (1979-2017)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Marcolino Moco (1992–1996)

Equatorial Guinea

Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Silvestre Siale Bileka (1992–1996)

Ethiopia
- Head of State: President Meles Zenawi (1991–1995) (1995–2012 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tamirat Layne (1991–1995)

Benin
- Head of State and Government: President Nicéphore Soglo (1991–1996) (Prime Minister 1990–1991)

Botswana
- Head of State or Government: President Quett Masire (1980–1998)

Burkina Faso
- Head of State: President Blaise Compaoré (1987-2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Youssouf Ouédraogo (1992–22 March 1994)
  - Prime Minister Roch Marc Kaboré (March 22, 1994–1996)

Burundi
- Head of State:
  - Prime Minister Sylvie Kinigi (1993–5 February 1994) (acting)
  - President Cyprien Ntaryamira (February 5, 1994– April 6, 1994)
  - President Sylvestre Ntibantunganya (April 6, 1994–1996) (acting until October 1, 1994)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sylvie Kinigi (1993–7 February 1994)
  - Prime Minister Anatole Kanyenkiko (February 7, 1994–1995)

Djibouti
- Head of State: President Hassan Gouled Aptidon (1977–1999) (1977 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Barkat Gourad Hamadou (1978-2001)

Ivory Coast
- Head of State: President Henri Konan Bédié (1993–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Daniel Kablan Duncan (1993–1999, 2012–2017 )

Eritrea
- Head of State and Government: President Isayas Afewerki (since 1993)

Gabon
- Head of State: President Omar Bongo (1967–2009)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Casimir Oyé-Mba (1990–2 November 1994)
  - Prime Minister Paulin Obame Nguema (November 2, 1994–1999)

Gambia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Dawda Jawara (1970–22 July 1994) (Prime Minister 1965–1970)
  - Chairman of the Provisional Government Council of the Army Yahya Jammeh (July 22, 1994–2017) (President from 1996)

Ghana
- Head of State and Government: President Jerry Rawlings ( 1979 , 1981-2001) (until 1993 Chairman of the Provisional National Defense Council)

Guinea
- Head of State and Government: President Lansana Conté (1984–2008)

Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State: President João Bernardo Vieira ( 1980–1984 , 1984–1999, 2005–2009 ) (Prime Minister 1978–1980)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Carlos Correia (1991–26 October 1994, 1997–1998, 2008–2009, 2015–2016 )
  - Prime Minister Manuel Saturnino da Costa (October 26, 1994–1997)

Cameroon
- Head of State: President Paul Biya (since 1982)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Simon Achidi Achu (1992–1996)

Cape Verde
- Head of State: President António Monteiro (1991-2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Carlos Veiga (1991–2000)

Kenya
- Head of State and Government: President Daniel Arap Moi (1978–2002)

Comoros
- Head of State: President Said Mohamed Djohar (1989–1995, 1996 )
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ahmed Ben Cheikh Attoumane (1993–2 January 1994)
  - Prime Minister Mohamed Abdou Madi (January 2, 1994– October 14, 1994)
  - Prime Minister Halifa Houmadi (October 14, 1994–1995)

Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; 1970–1992 People's Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State: President Pascal Lissouba (1992–1997) (Prime Minister 1963–1966)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Joachim Yhombi-Opango (1993–1996) (1977–1979 President)

Lesotho
- Head of State: King Letsie III. (1990–1995, since 1996 )
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ntsu Mokhehle (1993–17 August 1994, 1994–1998 )
  - Prime Minister Hae Phoofolo (August 19, 1994– September 13, 1994) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Ntsu Mokhehle ( 1993–1994 , September 14, 1994–1998)

Liberia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President of the Transitional Government of National Unity Amos Sawyer (1990–7 March 1994)
  - Chairman of the Council of State David D. Kpormakpor (March 7, 1994–1995)

Libya
- Revolutionary leader: Muammar al-Gaddafi (1969–2011) (1969–1979 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
- Head of State: General Secretary of the General People's Congress Zantani Muhammad az-Zantani (1992-2008)
- Head of Government:
  - General Secretary of the General People's Committee Abu Zaid Umar Durda (1990–29 January 1994)
  - General Secretary of the General People's Committee Abd al-Madschid al-Qaʿud (January 29, 1994–1997)

Madagascar

Head of State: President Albert Zafy (1993–1996)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Francisque Ravony (1993–1995)

Malawi
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Hastings Kamuzu Banda (1966– May 21, 1994) (Prime Minister 1964–1966)
  - President Bakili Muluzi (May 21, 1994-2004)

Mali
- Head of State: President Alpha Oumar Konaré (1992–2002)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Abdoulaye Sékou Sow (1993–4 February 1994)
  - Prime Minister Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta (February 4, 1994-2000)

Morocco
- Head of State: King Hassan II (1961–1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mohammed Karim Lamrani ( 1971–1972, 1983–1986 , 1992–25 May 1994)
  - Prime Minister Abdellatif Filali (May 25, 1994–1998)

Mauritania
- Head of State: President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya (1984–2005) (1981–1984, Prime Minister 1984–1992)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar (1992–1996, 1998–2003 )

Mauritius

Head of State: President Cassam Uteem (1992–2002)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth (1982–1995, 2000–2003, 2014–2017 ) (2003–2012 President)

Mozambique
- Head of State: President Joaquim Alberto Chissano (1986-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mário Fernandes da Graça Machungo (1986–16 December 1994)
  - Prime Minister Pascoal Mocumbi (December 16, 1994-2004)

Namibia
- Head of State: President Sam Nujoma (1990-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hage Geingob (1990–2002, 2012–2015 ) (since 2015 President)

Niger
- Head of State: President of the Supreme Military Council Mahamane Ousmane (1993–1996)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mahamadou Issoufou (1993–28 September 1994) (President since 2011)
  - Prime Minister Souley Abdoulaye (September 28, 1994–1995)

Nigeria
- Head of State and Government: Chairman of the Provisional Government Council Sani Abacha (1993–1998)

Rwanda
- Head of State:
  - President Juvénal Habyarimana (1973–6 April 1994)
  - President Théodore Sindikubwabo (April 9, 1994 - July 19, 1994) (acting)
  - President Pasteur Bizimungu (July 19, 1994-2000)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana (1993–7 April 1994)
  - Prime Minister Jean Kambanda (April 9, 1994– July 19, 1994)
  - Prime Minister Faustin Twagiramungu (July 19, 1994–1995)

Zambia
- Head of State or Government: President Frederick Chiluba (1991–2002)

Sao Tome and Principe
- Head of State: President Miguel Trovoada (1991–1995, 1995–2001 ) (1975–1979 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Norberto d'Alva Costa Alegre (1992–2 July 1994)
  - Prime Minister Evaristo Carvalho (July 7, 1994– October 25, 1994, 2001–2002 )
  - Prime Minister Carlos da Graça (October 25, 1994–1995)

Senegal
- Head of State: President Abdou Diouf (1981–2000) (Prime Minister 1970–1980)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Habib Thiam ( 1981–1983 , 1991–1998)

Seychelles
- Head of State and Government: President France-Albert René (1977–2004) (1976–1977 Prime Minister)

Sierra Leone
- Head of State: Chairman of the Supreme Council of State Valentine Strasser (1992–1996)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of State Secretaries Julius Maada Bio (1993–1995) (1996 Chairman of the Supreme State Council)

Zimbabwe
- Head of State or Government: President Robert Mugabe (1987–2017) (1980–1987 Prime Minister)

Somalia
- Head of State and Government: President Ali Mahdi Mohammed (1991–1997)
  - Somaliland (not internationally recognized)
    - Head of State and Government: President Mohammed Haji Ibrahim Egal (1993–2002) (1967–1969 Prime Minister of Somalia)

South Africa
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Frederik Willem de Klerk (1989-10 May 1994)
  - President Nelson Mandela (May 10, 1994–1999)

Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Umar al-Bashir (1989–2019)

Swaziland

Head of State: King Mswati III. (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Jameson Mbilini Dlamini (1993–1996)

Tanzania
- Head of State: President Ali Hassan Mwinyi (1985–1995)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister John Malecela (1990–7 December 1994)
  - Prime Minister Cleopa David Msuya ( 1980–1983 , December 7, 1994–1995)

Togo
- Head of State: President Gnassingbé Eyadéma (1967-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Joseph Kokou Koffigoh (1991–23 April 1994)
  - Prime Minister Edem Kodjo (April 23, 1994–1996, 2005–2006 )

Chad

Head of State: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye (1993–1995, 2007–2008 )

Tunisia
- Head of State: President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali (1987–2011) (Prime Minister 1987)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hamed Karoui (1989–1999)

Uganda
- Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister George Cosmas Adyebo (1991–18 November 1994)
  - Prime Minister Kintu Musoke (November 18, 1994–1999)

Western Sahara (controversial)

Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz (1976-2016) (in exile)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun (1993–1995, 1999–2003 ) (in exile)

Zaïre (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971, since 1997 Democratic Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State: President Mobutu Sese Seko (1965–1997)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Faustin Birindwa (1993–14 January 1994)
  - Prime Minister Kengo Wa Dondo ( 9182–19865, 1988–1990 , July 6, 1994–1997)

Central African Republic

Head of State: President Ange-Félix Patassé (1993–2003) (Prime Minister 1976–1978)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-Luc Mandaba (1993–1995)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Ray Hnatyshyn (1990–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean Chrétien (1993-2003)

Mexico
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988–30 November 1994)
  - President Ernesto Zedillo (December 1, 1994–2000)

United States of America
- Heads of State or Government: President Bill Clinton (1993-2001)

Central America

Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General James Carlisle (1993-2007)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Vere Cornwall Bird (1981–9 March 1994)
  - Prime Minister Lester Bird (March 9, 1994-2004)

Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
  - Governor General : Clifford Darling (1992–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham (1992–2002, 2007–2012 )

Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
  - Governor General : Nita Barrow (1990–1995)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Lloyd Erskine Sandiford (1987–7 September 1994)
  - Prime Minister Owen Arthur (September 7, 1994-2008)

Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Colville Young (since 1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Manuel Esquivel ( 1984–1989 , 1993–1998)

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier (1990–8 May 1994)
  - President José María Figueres Olsen (May 8, 1994–1998)

Dominica
- Head of State: President Crispin Sorhaindo (1993–1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Eugenia Charles (1980–1995)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Joaquín Balaguer ( 1960–1962, 1966–1978 , 1986–1996)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Alfredo Cristiani Burkard (1989–1 June 1994)
  - President Armando Calderón Sol (June 1, 1994–1999)

Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Governor General : Reginald Palme (1992–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nicholas Brathwaite ( 1983–1984 , 1990–1995)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Ramiro de León Carpio (1993–1996)

Haiti
- Head of State:
  - President Jean-Bertrand Aristide ( 1991 , 1993–12 March 1994, 1994–1996, 2001–2004 )
  - President Émile Jonassaint (March 12, 1994– October 12, 1994)
  - President Jean-Bertrand Aristide ( 1991, 1993–1994 , October 12, 1994–1996, 2001–2004 )
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Robert Malval (1993–8 November 1994)
  - Prime Minister Smarck Michel (November 8, 1994–1995)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Rafael Leonardo Callejas (1990– January 27, 1994)
  - President Carlos Roberto Reina (January 27, 1994–1998)

Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
  - Governor General : Howard Cooke (1991-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Percival J. Patterson (1992–2006)

Cuba
Head of State and Head of Government: President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Fidel Castro (1976-2008) (1959-1976 Prime Minister)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (1990–1997) (1979–1980 member of the government junta for national reconstruction)

Panama
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Guillermo Endara Galimany (1989–1 September 1994)
  - President Ernesto Pérez Balladares (September 1, 1994–1999)

St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
  - Governor General : Clement Athelston Arrindell (1983–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kennedy Simmonds (1983–1995)

St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Stanislaus A. James (1988–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Compton (1982–1996, 2006–2007 )

St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : David Jack (1989–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister James Fitz-Allen Mitchell (1984–2000)

Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State: President Noor Hassanali (1987–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Patrick Manning (1991–1995, 2001–2010 )

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Carlos Menem (1989–1999)

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government: President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada (1993–1997, 2002–2003 )

Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Itamar Franco (1992–1995)

Chile
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Patricio Aylwin (1990–11 March 1994)
  - President Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (March 11, 1994–2000)

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: President Sixto Durán Ballén (1992–1996)

Guyana
- Head of State: President Cheddi Jagan (1992–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sam Hinds (1992–1997, 1997–1999, 1999–2015 ) (1997 President)

Colombia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President César Gaviria (1990–7 August 1994)
  - President Ernesto Samper (August 7, 1994–1998)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Juan Carlos Wasmosy (1993–1998)

Peru
- Head of State: President Alberto Fujimori (1990–2000)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Alfonso Bustamante y Bustamante (1993–17 February 1994)
  - Prime Minister Efraín Goldenberg Schreiber (February 17, 1994–1995)

Suriname
- Head of State: President Ronald Venetiaan (1991–1996, 2000–2010 )
- Head of Government: Vice-President Jules Ratankumar Ajodhia (1991–1996, 2000–2005 )

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Luis Alberto Lacalle (1990–1995)

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Ramón José Velásquez (1993–2 February 1994)
  - President Rafael Caldera ( 1969–1974 ; February 2, 1994–1999)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bangladesh
- Head of State: President Abdur Rahman Biswas (1991–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khaleda Zia (1991–1996, 2001–2006 )

Bhutan
- Head of State and Government: King Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1972-2006)

Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)

Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State: President Lee Teng-hui (1988–2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lien Chan (1993–1997)

People's Republic of China
- Head of State: President Jiang Zemin (1993-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Li Peng (1987–1998)

India
- Head of State: President Shankar Dayal Sharma (1992–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao (1991–1996)

Indonesia
- Head of State and Government: President Suharto (1967–1998)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Akihito (1989-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa (1993–25 April 1994)
  - Prime Minister Tsutomu Hata (April 25, 1994– June 29, 1994)
  - Prime Minister Murayama Tomiichi (June 29, 1994–1996)

Cambodia
- Head of State: King Norodom Sihanouk ( 1941–1955 , 1993–2004) (1960–1970, 1975–1976, 1991–1993 President)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)

North Korea
- Chairman of the National Defense Commission :
  - Kim Il-sung (1948- July 8, 1994)
  - Kim Jong-il (July 8, 1994-2011)
- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly :
  - Kim Il-sung (1972-8 July 1994)
  - Yang Hyong-sop (July 8, 1994–1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kang Song-san ( 1984–1986 , 1992–1997)

South Korea
- Head of State: President Kim Young-sam (1993–1998)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Lee Hoi-chang (1993-22 April 1994)
  - Prime Minister Lee Yeong-duk (April 29, 1994– December 17, 1994)
  - Prime Minister Lee Hong-koo (December 17, 1994–1995)

Laos

Head of State: President Nouhak Phoumsavanh (1992–1998)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Khamtay Siphandone (1991–1998)

Malaysia
- Head of State:
  - Supreme Ruler Azlan Shah (1989-25 April 1994)
  - Supreme Ruler Tuanku Jaafar (April 26, 1994–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad (1981–2003, 2018–2020 )

Maldives
- Head of State or Government: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1978–2008)

Myanmar
- Head of State: Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development Than Shwe (1992–2011) (Prime Minister 1992–2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Than Shwe (1992–2003) (1992–2011 Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development)

Nepal
- Head of State: King Birendra (1972-2001)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala (1991–30 November 1994, 1998–1999, 2000–2001, 2006–2008 )
  - Prime Minister Man Mohan Adhikari (November 30, 1994–1995)

Pakistan
- Head of State: President Faruk Ahmad Khan Leghari (1993–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ( 1988–1990 , 1993–1996)

Philippines
- Head of State and Government: President Fidel Ramos (1992–1998)

Singapore
- Head of State: President Ong Teng Cheong (1993–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong (1990-2004)

Sri Lanka
- Head of State:
  - President Dingiri Banda Wijetunga (1993–12 November 1994)
  - President Chandrika Kumaratunga (November 12, 1994-2005) (1994 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe (1993–19 August 1994, 2001–2004, 2015–2018, 2018–2019 )
  - Prime Minister Chandrika Kumaratunga (August 19, 1994– November 14, 1994) (President 1994–2005)
  - Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike ( 1960–1965, 1970–1977 , November 14, 1994–2000)

Thailand
- Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai (1992–1995, 1997–2001 )

Vietnam

Head of State: President Lê Đức Anh (1992–1997)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Võ Văn Kiệt ( 1988 , 1991–1997) (until 1992 Chairman of the Council of Ministers)

Middle East

Armenia
- Head of State: President Levon Ter-Petrosyan (1991–1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hrant Bagratjan ( 1991–1992 , 1993–1996)

Azerbaijan
- Head of State: President Heidar Aliyev (1993-2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Surat Husseinow (1993–6 October 1994)
  - Prime Minister Fuad Gulijew (October 6, 1994–1996)
- Nagorno Karabakh (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State:
    - President of the Parliament Garen Baburjan (1993–29 December 1994) (acting)
    - President Robert Kocharyan (1994–1997) (1992–1994 Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh, 1997–1998, 2000 Prime Minister of Armenia, 1998–2008 President of Armenia)
  - Head of Government:
    - Prime Minister Robert Kocharyan (1992 – December 1994) (1994–1997 President of Nagorno-Karabakh, 1997–1998, 2000 Prime Minister of Armenia, 1998–2008 President of Armenia)
    - Prime Minister Leonard Petrosyan (December 1994–1998)

Bahrain
- Head of State: Emir Isa II. (1971–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

Georgia

Head of State: President Eduard Shevardnadze (1992-2003)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Otar Pazazia (1993–1995)

Abkhazia (not recognized internationally)

Head of State: President Wladislaw Ardsinba (1992-2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sokrat Jindscholija (1993–1994)

South Ossetia (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President of Parliament Ludwig Tschibirow (1993-2001)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Gerasim Khugayev ( 1993– May 1994, 2001–2003 )

Prime Minister Eduard Gassijew (May 1994 – August 1994)

Prime Minister Vladislav Gabarajew (August 1994–1996)

Iraq
- Head of State: President Saddam Hussein (1979–2003) (1979–1991, Prime Minister 1994–2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ahmad Hussain Chudair as-Sammara´i (1993–29 May 1994)
  - Prime Minister Saddam Hussein ( 1979–1991 , May 29, 1994–2003) (1979–2003 President)

Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) (Prime Minister 1981–1989)
- Head of State: President Akbar Hāschemi Rafsanjāni (1989–1997)

Israel
- Head of State: President Ezer Weizmann (1993–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Yitzchak Rabin ( 1974–1977 , 1992–1995)

Yemen
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidential Council Ali Abdullah Salih (1990–2012) (President from 1994) (1978–1990 President of North Yemen)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas (1990–9 May 1994) (1985–1986 Prime Minister of South Yemen; 1986–1990 President of South Yemen)
  - Prime Minister Muhammad Said al-Attar (May 9, 1994– October 6, 1994) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Abd al-Aziz Abd al-Ghani (October 6, 1994–1997) (1975–1980, 1983–1990 Prime Minister of North Yemen)
- Democratic Republic of Yemen (May 21, 1994– July 7, 1994, not recognized internationally)
  - President: Ali Salim al-Baidh (May 21, 1994– July 7, 1994)
  - Prime Minister: Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas (May 21, 1994– July 7, 1994) (1985–1986 Prime Minister of South Yemen; 1986–1990 President of South Yemen; 1990–1994 Prime Minister of Yemen)

Jordan
- Head of State: King Hussein (1952–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelsalam al-Majali (1993–1995, 1997–1998 )

Qatar
- Head of State and Government: Emir Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani (1972–1995)

Kuwait

Head of State: Emir Jabir III. (1977–2006) ( 1962–1963, 1965–1978 Prime Minister )

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sa'ad al-Abdallah as-Salim as-Sabah (1978-2003) (2006 Emir)

Lebanon
- Head of State: President Élias Hrawi (1989–1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri (1992–1998, 2000–2004 )

Oman
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Qaboos ibn Said (1970–2020)

Autonomous Palestinian Territories ( autonomous since July 5, 1994)
- President: Yasser Arafat (July 5, 1994-2004)

Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz (1982-2005)

Syria

Head of State: President Hafiz al-Assad (1971–2000) (1970–1971 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Mahmud Zuabi (1987–2000)

Turkey
- Head of State: President Süleyman Demirel (1993–2000) (1965–1971, 1975–1977, 1977–1978, 1979–1980, 1991–1993 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tansu Çiller (1993–1996)

United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Zayid bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1971–2004) (1966–2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Maktum bin Raschid Al Maktum ( 1971–1979 , 1990–2006) (1990–2006 Emir of Dubai)

Central Asia

Afghanistan
- Head of State: Chairman of the Islamic Council Burhānuddin Rabbāni (1992–1996)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Gulbuddin Hekmatyār (1993–28 June 1994, 1996 )
  - Prime Minister Arsala Rahmani (November 1994–1995) (acting)

Kazakhstan
- Head of State: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1991-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sergei Tereschchenko (1991–12 October 1994)
  - Prime Minister Akeschan Kaschegeldin (October 12, 1994–1997)

Kyrgyzstan
- Head of State: President Askar Akayev (1991-2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Apas Dschumagulow (1993–1998)

Mongolia
- Head of State: President Punsalmaagiin Otschirbat (1990–1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Puntsagiin Jasrai (1992–1996)

Tajikistan
- Head of State: President Emomalij Rahmonow (since 1992)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Abduzhalil Samadov (1993–2 December 1994)
  - Prime Minister Jamsched Karimov (December 2, 1994–1996)

Turkmenistan
- Head of State and Government: President Saparmyrat Nyýazow (1991–2006)

Uzbekistan

Head of State: President Islom Karimov (1991-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdulxashim Mutalov (1992–1995)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Bill Hayden (1989–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paul Keating (1991–1996)

Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
  - Queen's Representative: Apenera Short (1990-2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Geoffrey Henry ( 1983 , 1989–1999)

Fiji
- Head of State: President Kamisese Mara (1993–2000) (Prime Minister 1970–1987, 1987–1992)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka (1992–1999)

Kiribati
Head of State and Government:

President Teatao Teannaki ( 1991– May 24 , 1994)

Chairman of the State Council Tekiree Tamuera (May 24, 1994– May 28, 1994)

Chairman of the State Council Ata Teaotai (May 28, 1994– October 1, 1994)

President Teburoro Tito (October 1, 1994–2003)

Marshall Islands
- Head of State and Government: President Amata Kabua (1986–1996)

Micronesia
- Head of State or Government: President Bailey Olter (1991–1997)

Nauru
- Head of State and Government: President Bernard Dowiyogo ( 1976–1978 , 1989–1995, 1996, 1998–1999, 2000–2001, 2003, 2003 )

New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Catherine Tizard (1990–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jim Bolger (1990–1997)

Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Frank Lui (1993–1999)

Palau (independent since October 1, 1994)
- Head of State and Government: President Kuniwo Nakamura (October 1, 1994–2000)

Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
  - Governor General : Wiwa Korowi (1991–1997)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Paias Wingti ( 1985–1988 , 1992–30 August 1994)
  - Prime Minister Julius Chan ( 1980–1982 , August 30, 1994–1997)

Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General :
    - George Lepping (1988-7 July 1994)
    - Moses Pitakaka (July 7, 1994–1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Francis Billy Hilly (1993–7 November 1994)
  - Prime Minister Solomon Mamaloni ( 1981–1984, 1989–1993 , November 7, 1994–1997)

Tonga
- Head of State: King Taufaʻahau Tupou IV. (1970-2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Baron Vaea (1991-2000)

Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General :
    - Tomu Sione (1993–21 June 1994)
    - Tulaga Manuella (June 21, 1994–1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kamuta Latasi (1993–1996)

Vanuatu

Head of State:

President Frederick Karlomuana Timakata ( 1984 , 1989– January 30, 1994)

Speaker of the Parliament Alfred Maseng Nalo (January 30, 1994– March 2 , 1994, 2004 ) (acting)

President Jean-Marie Manatawai (March 2, 1994–1999)

Head of Government: Maxime Carlot Korman (1991–1995, 1996 )

Western Samoa (today Samoa )

Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tanumafili II. (1962-2007)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Tofilau Eti Alesana ( 1982–1985 , 1988–1998)

Europe

Albania
- Head of State: President Sali Berisha (1992–1997) (2005–2013 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Aleksandër Meksi (1992–1997)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France : François Mitterrand (1981–1995)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Joan Martí Alanís (1971-2003)
- Head of Government:
  - District President Òscar Ribas Reig ( 1982–1984 , 1990–7 December 1994)
  - District President Marc Forné Molné (December 7, 1994–2005)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Albert II (1993-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-Luc Dehaene (1992–1999)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State: President : Alija Izetbegović (1992–1998, 2000 ) (from 1996 Chairman of the State Presidium)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Haris Silajdžić (1993–1996, 1997–2000 ) (2008, 2010 Chairman of the State Presidium)

Bulgaria
- Head of State: President Schelju Schelew (1990–1997)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Lyuben Berow (1992–17 October 1994)
  - Prime Minister Reneta Indschowa (October 17, 1994–1995) (acting)

Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (1993–2001)
- Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsman Bent Klinte (1988–1995)
  - Head of Government:
    - Prime Minister Marita Petersen (1993–15 September 1994)
    - Prime Minister Edmund Joensen (September 15, 1994–1998)
- Greenland (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsmann Steen Spore (1992–1995)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Lars-Emil Johansen (1991–1997)

Germany
- Head of State:
  - Federal President : Richard von Weizsäcker (1984–30 June 1994)
  - Federal President: Roman Herzog (July 1, 1994–1999)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl (1982–1998)

Estonia
- Head of State: President Lennart Meri (1992–2001)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mart Laar (1992–8 November 1994, 1999–2002 )
  - Prime Minister Andres Tarand (November 8, 1994–1995)

Finland
- Head of State:
  - President Mauno Koivisto (1982–1 March 1994) (1968–1970, 1979–1982 Prime Minister)
  - President Martti Ahtisaari (March 1, 1994–2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Esko Aho (1991–1995)

France
- Head of State: President François Mitterrand (1981–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Édouard Balladur (1993–1995)

Greece
- Head of State: President Konstantinos Karamanlis ( 1974, 1980–1985 , 1990–1995) (1955–1958, 1958–1961, 1961–1963, 1974–1980 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou ( 1981–1989 , 1993–1996)

Ireland
- Head of State: President Mary Robinson (1990–1997)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Albert Reynolds (1992–15 December 1994)
  - Prime Minister John Bruton (December 15, 1994–1997)

Iceland
- Head of State: President Vigdís Finnbogadóttir (1980–1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Davíð Oddsson (1991-2004)

Italy
- Head of State: President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (1992–1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1993–11 May 1994) (1999–2006 President)
  - Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi (May 11, 1994–1995, 2001–2006, 2008–2011 )

Yugoslavia

Head of State: President Zoran Lilić (1993–1997)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Radoje Kontić (1993–1998)

Channel Islands
- guernsey
  - Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Deputy Governor:
      - Michael Wilkins (1990-1994)
      - John Coward (1994-2000)
- jersey
  - Head of State and Government: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Lieutenant Governor: John Sutton (1990–1995)

Croatia
- Head of State: President Franjo Tuđman (1991–1999)
- Head of Government: District President Nikica Valentić (1993–1995)

Latvia
- Head of State: President Guntis Ulmanis (1993–1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Valdis Birkavs (1993–15 September 1994)
  - Prime Minister Māris Gailis (September 15, 1994–1995)

Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
- Head of Government : Mario Frick (1993-2001)

Lithuania
- Head of State: President Algirdas Brazauskas (1992–1998) (Prime Minister 2001–2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Adolfas Šleževičius (1993–1996)

Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Jean (1964–2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacques Santer (1984–1995)

Malta
- Head of State:
  - President Ċensu Tabone (1989–4 April 1994)
  - President Ugo Mifsud Bonniċi (April 4, 1994–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edward Fenech Adami (1987–1996, 1998–2004 ) (2004–2009 President)

Macedonia
- Head of State: President Kiro Gligorov (1991–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Branko Crvenkovski (1992–1998, 2002–2004 ) (2004–2009 President)

Moldova

Head of State: President Mircea Ion Snegur (1991–1997)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrei Sangheli (1992–1997)

Transnistria (not internationally recognized)
President: Igor Smirnov (1991–2011)

Monaco
- Head of State: Prince : Rainier III. (1949-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Minister of State Jacques Dupont (1991–2 December 1994)
  - Minister of State Paul Dijoud (December 2, 1994–1997)

Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Beatrix (1980-2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers (1982-22 August 1994)
  - Prime Minister Wim Kok (August 22, 1994–2002)

Norway
- Head of State: King Harald V (since 1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland ( 1981, 1986–1989 , 1990–1996)

Austria
- Head of State: Federal President Thomas Klestil (1992-2004)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Franz Vranitzky (1986–1997)

Poland
- Head of State: President Lech Wałęsa (1990–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Waldemar Pawlak ( 1992 , 1993–1995)

Portugal
- Head of State: President Mário Soares (1986–1996) (1976–1978, Prime Minister 1983–1985)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva (1985–1995) (President since 2006)

Romania
- Head of State: President Ion Iliescu (1989–1996, 2000–2004 )
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nicolae Văcăroiu (1992–1996)

Russia
- Head of State: President Boris Yeltsin (1991–1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Viktor Tschernomyrdin (1992–1998)

San Marino
- Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
  - Gian Luigi Berti (October 1, 1993– April 1, 1994) and Paride Andreoli (October 1, 1993– April 1, 1994, 1997 )
  - Alberto Cecchetti ( 1975 , April 1, 1994– October 1, 1994, 1998, 2001–2002 ) and Fausto Mularoni (April 1, 1994– October 1, 1994)
  - Renzo Ghiotti (October 1, 1994– April 1, 1995) and Luciano Ciavatta (October 1, 1994– April 1, 1995)

Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Carl Bildt (1991–7 October 1994)
  - Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson ( 1986–1991 , October 7, 1994–1996)

Switzerland
- Federal President : Otto Stich ( 1988 , 1994)
- Federal Council :
  - Otto Stich (1984–1995)
  - Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1984-1998)
  - Flavio Cotti (1987-1999)
  - Arnold Koller (1987-1999)
  - Adolf Ogi (1988-2000)
  - Kaspar Villiger (1989-2003)
  - Ruth Dreifuss (1993-2002)

Slovakia
- Head of State: President Michal Kováč (1993–1998)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Vladimír Mečiar (1993–16 March 1994, 1994–1998 )
  - Prime Minister Jozef Moravčík (March 16, 1994-13 December 1994)
  - Prime Minister Vladimír Mečiar ( 1993–1994 , December 13, 1994–1998)

Slovenia
- Head of State: President Milan Kučan (1991–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Janez Drnovšek (1992–2000, 2000–2002 ) (2002–2007 President)

Spain
- Head of State: King Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Felipe González (1982–1996)

Czech Republic
- Head of State: President Václav Havel (1993-2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Václav Klaus (1993–1997) (2003–2013 President)

Ukraine
- Head of State:
  - President Leonid Kravchuk (1991–19 July 1994)
  - President Leonid Kuchma (July 19, 1994–2005) (Prime Minister 1992–1993)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Juchym Swjahilskyj (1993–16 June 1994) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Vitaly Massol (June 16, 1994–1995)

Hungary
- Head of State: President Árpád Göncz (1990–2000)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Péter Boross (December 12, 1993– July 15, 1994)
  - Prime Minister Gyula Horn (July 15, 1994–1998)

Vatican city
- Head of State: Pope John Paul II (1978-2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Cardinal State Secretary Angelo Sodano (1990-2006)
  - President of the Governorate Rosalio Lara (1990–14 October 1997)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Major (1990–1997)

Belarus
- Head of State:
  - Chairman of the Supreme Soviet Stanislau Shushkevich (1991–26 January 1994)
  - Chairman of the Supreme Soviet Metschyslau Hryb (January 28, 1994– July 20, 1994)
  - President Aljaksandr Lukashenka (since July 20, 1994)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Vyachazlau Kebitsch (1991–21 July 1994)
  - Prime Minister Michail Tschyhir (July 21, 1994–1996)

Republic of Cyprus
- Head of State and Government: President Glafkos Klerides (1993-2003)
- Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State: President Rauf Denktaş (1983-2005)
  - Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Derviş Eroğlu (1985–1 January 1994, 1996–2004, 2009–2010 ) (2010–2015 President)
  - Prime Minister Hakki Atun (January 1, 1994–1996)

Remarks

↑ The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[kronbesitz-1] The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.

[2] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares