Armando Calderón Sol

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Armando Calderón Sol (born June 24, 1948 in San Salvador , El Salvador, † October 9, 2017 in Houston , Texas ) was President of El Salvador from 1994 to 1999 . He was a member of the Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA).

Calderón

The Calderón family shaped the history of El Salvador. Armando Calderón Sol's grandfather was Division General José Tomas Calderón (aka Chaquetilla), the commander of the ethnocide in western El Salvador in 1932 .

In 1981 Roberto D'Aubuisson Arrieta met with members of a death squad at Calderón's home to discuss the kidnapping of the owner of the Procesadora de Acero de El Salvador (PROACES) , Emilio Charur.

Lawyer

In 1977 Calderón received his doctorate on Organización, fiscalización y financiamiento de los entes autónomos for Dr. jur.soz. He ran a law firm. He was one of the founders of ARENA in September 1981. He was Mayor of San Salvador (1988-1994). Calderón was a member of the first Consejo Ejecutivo Nacional de ARENA (COENA) as director of legal affairs. In the 1994 presidential elections, after the elections on March 20, 1994, in the second ballot on April 24, 1994, he achieved a majority of the votes cast. His opponent was Ruben Zamora, who was supported by a coalition of FMLN and Convergència Democràtica (CD).

government

Calderón took office on June 1, 1994. During Calderón's term of office, demands from the Chapultepec peace agreements had to be implemented. This included the establishment of the Policía Nacional Civil , an organ of internal security, which is exclusively responsible for internal security and is aware of the human rights violations of the troops previously also deployed inside such as: Policía Nacional , Policía de Hacienda , batallón de Infantería de reacción inmediata ("BIRI") or Guardia Nacional .

Economic policy of the World Bank made in El Salvador

As the second El Salvadoran President, which the party of the death squads ARENA brought into office, Calderón tackled parts of the neoliberal economic program, which helped the ARENA with the support of the US government, with privatizations . Calderón's economic policy advisers included Juan José Daboub and Manuel Enrique Hinds. José Daboub unbundled the state power monopoly at Compañía de Alumbrado Eléctrico de San Salvador (CAESS) and the Comisión Ejecutiva Hidroeléctrica del Río Lempa (CEL) to create a private power distribution monopoly . Daboub then became a manager of the state telephone company ANTEL and smashed this institution. Manuel Enrique Hinds was also employed by the World Bank , advocating the economic integration of El Salvador in North America and a fixed exchange rate Colon - United States Dollar . Another prey for the neoliberals was compulsory state insurance, such as pension funds. With these the Banco Cuscatlán , whose shareholder is the presidential predecessor ARENERO Alfredo Cristiani Burkard , was given a bargain.

Economic impetus

The financial market was stimulated by the discovery of a large-scale fraud. Roberto Mathies Hill, a prominent ARENA supporter, was arrested for misappropriating funds from financial services providers Finsepro and Insepro to support his own companies that were on the verge of bankruptcy. About 1,400 investors were scammed. The losses were calculated at $ 113 million. The financial regulator was dismissed for failing to detect the fraud earlier, and the FBI was brought in to investigate possible money laundering.

Impuesto al Valor Agregado

Under the Calderón government, the VAT impuesto al valor agregado (IVA) on consumer goods was increased from 10% to 13%. The state is increasingly financed by all, largely poor, sections of the population.

Mitch

Both traditional and neoliberal economic policies have resulted in large parts of the population being exposed to nature without protection. Natural disasters, such as Hurricane Mitch , which struck the country from October 22 to November 8, 1998 during Calderón's term of office , claimed not only material damage but also increased human lives.

Discharge

After he had handed over his presidency on June 1, 1999 to the previous business association president Francisco Flores Pérez , Calderón Sol was elected to the Central American Parliament .

Remarks

  1. la prensa gráfica 06 de diciembre de 2003: "EUA importa lámina made in El Salvador"  .: La Prensa Gráfica:. ( Memento from April 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  2. envio Número 144 Diciembre 1993 Tras la pista de los escuadrones  "... y afirman que en 1981" se planificó un secuestro en la casa de Armando Calderón Sol, ... "  Revista Envío - Tras la pista de los escuadrones
  3. la prensa graphic 24 de noviembre de 2003 Manuel Enrique Hinds .: La Prensa graphic:. ( Memento from June 1, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ^ Gareth Williams: The other side of the popular: neoliberalism and subalternity in Latin America . Duke University Press, Durham [NC] 2002, ISBN 0-8223-2941-7 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  5. El Diario de Hoy 7 de junio de 2001 Nacionales de El Diario de Hoy: ( Memento of April 5, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  6. Revista Proceso, UCA mayo 26 1999: Balance económico del gobierno de Calderón Sol Proceso 856
  7. Central America after Hurricane Mitch (II), February 26, 1999 (PDF) ( Memento from November 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
predecessor Office successor
Alfredo Cristiani Burkard President of El Salvador
1994–1999
Francisco Flores Perez