List of Heads of State 2013

Overview
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Africa

Egypt
- Head of State:
  - President Mohammed Mursi (2012–3 July 2013)
  - President Adly Mansour (July 4, 2013–2014) ( Acting)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hischam Kandil (2012–3 July 2013)
  - Prime Minister Hasim al-Beblawi (July 9, 2013–2014) ( acting )

Algeria
- Head of State: President Abd al-Aziz Bouteflika (1999-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal (2012–2014, 2014–2017 )

Angola
- Head of State and Government: President José Eduardo dos Santos (1979–2017)

Equatorial Guinea

Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Vicente Ehate Tomi (since 2012)

Ethiopia
- Head of State:
  - President Girma Wolde-Giorgis (2001–7 October 2013)
  - President Mulatu Teschome (October 7, 2013–2018)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn (2012-2018)

Benin
- Head of State: President Boni Yayi (2006-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pascal Koupaki (2011–11 August 2013) (office abolished)

Botswana
- Head of State or Government: President Ian Khama (2008-2018)

Burkina Faso
- Head of State: President Blaise Compaoré (1987-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Luc-Adolphe Tiao (2011-2014)

Burundi
- Head of State and Government: President Pierre Nkurunziza (2005–2020)

Djibouti
- Head of State: President Ismail Omar Guelleh (since 1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita (2001–1 April 2013)
  - Prime Minister Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed (since April 1, 2013)

Ivory Coast
- Head of State: President Alassane Ouattara (since 2010) (Prime Minister 1990–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Daniel Kablan Duncan ( 1993–1999 , 2012–2017)

Eritrea
- Head of State and Government: President Isayas Afewerki (since 1993)

Gabon
- Head of State: President Ali-Ben Bongo Ondimba (since 2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Raymond Ndong Sima (2012-2014)

Gambia
- Head of State and Government: President Yahya Jammeh (1994–2017) (until 1996 Chairman of the Provisional Government Council of the Army)

Ghana
- Head of State or Government: President John Dramani Mahama (2012-2017)

Guinea
- Head of State: President Alpha Condé (since 2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Saïd Fofana (2010-2015)

Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State: President Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo (2012–2014) (acting)
- Head of government: Prime Minister Rui Duarte de Barros (2012-2014) (acting)

Cameroon
- Head of State: President Paul Biya (since 1982)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Philémon Yang (2009-2019)

Cape Verde
- Head of State: President Jorge Carlos Fonseca (since 2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José Maria Neves (since 2001)

Kenya
- Head of State:
  - President Mwai Kibaki (2002– April 9, 2013)
  - President Uhuru Kenyatta (since April 9, 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Raila Odinga (2008–9 April 2013) (office abolished)

Comoros
- Head of State or Government: President Ikililou Dhoinine (since 2011)

Democratic Republic of the Congo (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1971–1997 Zaïre )
- Head of State: President Joseph Kabila (2001-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Augustin Matata Ponyo (since 2012)

Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; 1970–1992 People's Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State and Government: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso ( 1979–1992 , since 1997)

Lesotho
- Head of State: King Letsie III. ( 1990–1995 , since 1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Thomas Thabane (2012–2015, 2017–2020 )

Liberia
- Head of State or Government: President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (2006–2018)

Libya
- Head of State:
  - President of the General National Assembly Mohamed Yusuf al Magariaf (2012–28 May 2013)
  - President of the General National Assembly Giuma Attaiga (May 28, 2013– June 25, 2013) (acting)
  - President of the General National Assembly Nuri Busahmein (June 25, 2013–2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ali Seidan (2012-2014)

Madagascar

Head of State: President Andry Rajoelina (2009-2014, since 2019 )

Head of Government: Prime Minister Omer Beriziky (2011-2014)

Malawi
- Head of State and Government: President Joyce Banda (2012-2014)

Mali
- Head of State:
  - President Dioncounda Traoré (2012–4 September 2013) (acting)
  - President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta (September 4, 2013-2020)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Django Sissoko (2012–5 September 2013) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Oumar Tatam Ly (September 5, 2013–2014)

Morocco
- Head of State: King Mohammed VI. (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane (2011-2017)

Mauritania

Head of State: President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz ( 2008–2009 , 2009–2019)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdhaf (2008-2014)

Mauritius

Head of State: President Kailash Purryag (2012-2015)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam ( 1995–2000 , 2005–2014)

Mozambique

Head of State: President Armando Guebuza (2005–2015)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Alberto Vaquina (2012–2015)

Namibia
- Head of State: President Hifikepunye Pohamba (2005-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hage Geingob ( 1990–2002 , 2012–2015) (since 2015 President)

Niger

Head of State: President Mahamadou Issoufou (since 2011) (1993–1994 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Brigi Rafini (since 2011)

Nigeria
- Head of State or Government: President Goodluck Jonathan (2010-2015)

Rwanda

Head of State: President Paul Kagame (since 2000)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Pierre Habumuremyi (2011-2014)

Zambia
- Head of State and Government: President Michael Sata (2011–2014)

Sao Tome and Principe

Head of State: President Manuel Pinto da Costa ( 1975–1991 , 2011–2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Gabriel Arcanjo da Costa ( 2002 , 2012–2014)

Senegal
- Head of State: President Macky Sall (since 2012) (Prime Minister 2004–2007)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Abdoul Mbaye (2012–1 September 2013)
  - Prime Minister Aminata Touré (September 1, 2013–2014)

Seychelles
- Head of State or Government: President James Alix Michel (2004–2016)

Sierra Leone
- Head of State and Government: President Ernest Koroma (2007-2018)

Zimbabwe
- Head of State: President Robert Mugabe (1987–2017) (1980–1987 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai (2009–11 September 2013) (office abolished)

Somalia
- Head of State: President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud (2012-2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Abdi Farah Shirdon (2012–21 December 2013)
  - Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed (December 21, 2013–2014)
- Somaliland (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State and Government: President Ahmed Mohammed Mahamoud Silanyo (since 2010)

South Africa
- Head of State and Government: President Jacob Zuma (2009–2018)

Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Umar al-Bashir (1989–2019)

South Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Salva Kiir Mayardit (since 2011)

Swaziland

Head of State: King Mswati III. (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini ( 1996–2003 , 2008–2018)

Tanzania
- Head of State: President Jakaya Kikwete (2005–2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda (2008-2015)

Togo

Head of State: President Faure Gnassingbé ( 2005 , since 2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Kwesi Ahoomey-Zunu (2012–2015)

Chad
- Head of State: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Emmanuel Nadingar (2010–21 January 2013)
  - Prime Minister Djimrangar Dadnadji (January 21, 2013– November 21, 2013)
  - Prime Minister Kalzeubé Pahimi Deubet (since November 21, 2013)

Tunisia
- Head of State: President Moncef Marzouki (2011-2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali (2011–14 March 2013)
  - Prime Minister Ali Larajedh (March 14, 2013–2014)

Uganda

Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Amama Mbabazi (2011-2014)

Western Sahara (controversial)
- Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz (1976-2016) (in exile)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar (2003–2018) (in exile)

Central African Republic
- Head of State:
  - President François Bozizé (2003–24 March 2013)
  - President Michel Djotodia (March 24, 2013–2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Faustin Archange Touadéra (2008–17 January 2013)
  - Prime Minister Nicolas Tiangaye (January 17, 2013–2014)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : David Johnston (2010-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Stephen Harper (2006-2015)

Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Enrique Peña Nieto (2012–2018)

United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President Barack Obama (2009-2017)

Central America

Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Louise Lake-Tack (2007-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer (2004–2014)

Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
  - Governor General : Arthur Foulkes (2010-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Perry Christie ( 2002-2007 , 2012-2017)

Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
  - Governor General : Elliot Belgrave ( 2011–2012 , 2012–2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Freundel Stuart (2010-2018)

Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Colville Young (since 1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dean Barrow (since 2008)

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: President Laura Chinchilla (2010-2014)

Dominica
- Head of State:
  - President Eliud Williams (2012–2 October 2013)
  - President Charles Savarin (since October 2, 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit (since 2004)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Danilo Medina (2012–2020)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Mauricio Funes (2009-2014)

Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Governor General : Carlyle Glean (2008–7 May 2013)
  - Governor General Cécile La Grenade (since May 7, 2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Tillman Thomas (2008–20 February 2013)
  - Prime Minister Keith Mitchell ( 1995-2008 , since February 20, 2013)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Otto Pérez Molina (2012–2015)

Haiti
- Head of State: President Michel Martelly (2011-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Laurent Lamothe (2012-2014)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Porfirio Lobo Sosa (2010-2014)

Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
  - Governor General : Patrick Allen (since 2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller ( 2006–2007 , since 2012)

Cuba
Head of State and Head of Government: President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Raúl Castro (2006-2018) (provisional until 2008)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Daniel Ortega ( 1985–1990 , since 2007) (1979–1985 member of the government junta for national reconstruction)

Panama
- Head of State and Government: President Ricardo Martinelli (2009-2014)

St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
  - Governor General :
    - Cuthbert Sebastian (1996–1 January 2013)
    - Edmund Lawrence (January 2, 2013-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Denzil Douglas (1995-2015)

St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Dame Pearlette Louisy (1997-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kenneth Anthony ( 1997-2006 , 2011-2016)

St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Frederick Ballantyne (2002–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves (since 2001)

Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State:
  - President George Maxwell Richards (2003– March 18, 2013)
  - President Anthony Carmona (March 18, 2013-2018)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar (2010–2015)

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007–2015)

Bolivia
- Head of State or Government: President Evo Morales (2006-2019)

Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Dilma Rousseff (2011–2016)

Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Sebastián Piñera (2010-2014)

Ecuador
- Head of State or Government: President Rafael Correa (2007-2017)

Guyana
- Head of State: President Donald Ramotar (2011-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sam Hinds ( 1992–1997, 1997–1999 , 1999–2015) (1997 President)

Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Juan Manuel Santos (2010-2018)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Federico Franco (2012–15 August 2013)
  - President Horacio Cartes (August 15, 2013-2018)

Peru
- Head of State: President Ollanta Humala (2011-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Juan Jiménez Mayor (2012–31 October 2013)
  - Prime Minister César Villanueva (October 31, 2013–2014, 2018–2019 )

Suriname
- Head of State and Government: President Dési Bouterse ( 1980, 1982 , 2010-2020)
- Head of Government: Vice President Robert Ameerali (2010-2015)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President José Mujica (2010–2015)

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Hugo Chávez ( 1999–2002 , 2002–5 March 2013)
  - President Nicolás Maduro (since March 5, 2013) (provisional until April 19)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bangladesh
- Head of State:
  - President Zillur Rahman (2009–20 March 2013)
  - President of Parliament Abdul Hamid (since March 20, 2013) (acting until April 24, 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hasina Wajed ( 1996–2001 , since 2009)

Bhutan
- Head of State: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (since 2006)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jigme Thinley ( 1998–1999 , 2003–2004 , 2008–27 July 2013)
  - Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay (July 27, 2013-2018)

Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)

Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State: President Ma Ying-jeou (2008-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sean Chen (2012–18 February 2013)
  - Prime Minister Jiang Yi-huah (February 18, 2013–2014)

People's Republic of China
- Head of State:
  - President Hu Jintao (2003–14 March 2013)
  - President Xi Jinping (since March 14, 2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Chairman of the State Council Wen Jiabao (2003–15 March 2013)
  - State Council Chairman Li Keqiang (since March 15, 2013)

India
- Head of State: President Pranab Mukherjee (since 2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Manmohan Singh (2004–2014)

Indonesia
- Head of State and Government: President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004–2014)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Akihito (1989-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Shinzō Abe ( 2006–2007 , since 2012)

Cambodia
- Head of State: King Norodom Sihamoni (since 2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)

North Korea
- De facto ruler : Kim Jong-un (since 2012)
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Kim Yong-nam (since 1998)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Choe Yong-rim (2010–1 April 2013)
  - Prime Minister Pak Pong-ju ( 2003–2007 , April 1, 2013–2019)

South Korea
- Head of State:
  - President Lee Myung-bak (2008–25 February 2013)
  - President Park Geun-hye (February 25, 2013–2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Kim Hwang-sik (2010–26 February 2013)
  - Prime Minister Jung Hong-won (February 26, 2013–2015)

Laos

Head of State: President Choummaly Sayasone (2006-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Thongsing Thammavong (2010-2016)

Malaysia
- Head of State: Supreme Ruler Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah (since 2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Najib Razak (2009-2018)

Maldives
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Mohammed Waheed Hassan (2012–17 November 2013)
  - President Abdulla Yameen (November 17, 2013-2018)

Myanmar
- Head of State and Government: President Thein Sein (since 2011) (2007–2011 Prime Minister)

Nepal
- Head of State: President Ram Baran Yadav (2008-2015)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai (2011–14 March 2013)
  - Prime Minister Khil Raj Regmi (March 14, 2013–2014)

East Timor
- Head of State: President Taur Matan Ruak (2012-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão (2007–2015) (2002–2007 President)

Pakistan
- Head of State:
  - President Asif Ali Zardari (2008–8 September 2013)
  - President Mamnoon Hussain (September 9, 2013-2018)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Raja Pervez Ashraf (2012–25 March 2013)
  - Prime Minister Mir Hazar Khan Khoso (March 25, 2013– June 5, 2013) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif ( 1990–1993 , 1997–1999 , June 5, 2013–2017)

Philippines
- Head of State and Government: President Benigno Aquino III. (2010-2016)

Singapore
- Head of State: President Tony Tan Keng Yam (2011-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong (since 2004)

Sri Lanka
- Head of State: President Mahinda Rajapaksa (2005–2015) (2004–2005, 2018, Prime Minister since 2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister D. M. Jayaratne (2010–2015)

Thailand
- Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra (2011-2014)

Vietnam

Head of State: President Trương Tấn Sang (since 2011)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng (since 2006)

Middle East

Armenia
- Head of State: President Serzh Sargsyan (2008–2018) (2007–2008 and 2018 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tigran Sargsjan (2008-2014)

Azerbaijan

Head of State: President Ilham Aliyev (since 2003)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Artur Rasizadä ( 1996–2003 , 2003–2018)

Nagorno Karabakh (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Bako Sahakjan (since 2007)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Arajik Harutjunjan (since 2007)

Bahrain
- Head of State: King Hamad bin Isa Al Chalifa (since 1999) (Emir until 2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

Georgia

Head of State:

President Mikheil Saakashvili ( 2004–2007 , 2008–17 November 2013)

President Giorgi Margwelaschwili (November 17, 2013–2018)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Bidzina Ivanishvili (2012–20 November 2013)

Prime Minister Irakli Gharibashvili (since November 20, 2013)

Abkhazia (not recognized internationally)

Head of State: President Alexander Ankwab (2011–2014) (2005–2010, Prime Minister since 2020)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Leonid Lakerbaia (2011-2014)

South Ossetia (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Leonid Tibilow (2012-2017)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Rostislaw Chugajew (2012-2014)

Iraq
- Head of State: President Jalal Talabani (2005-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki (2006-2014)

Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) (Prime Minister 1981–1989)
- Head of Government:
  - President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005–3 August 2013)
  - President Hassan Rouhani (since August 3, 2013)

Israel
- Head of State: President Shimon Peres (2007–2014) (1977, 1984–1986, 1995–1996 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu ( 1996–1999 , since 2009)

Yemen

Head of State: President Abed Rabbo Mansur Hadi (since 2012)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohammed Basindawa (2011-2014)

Jordan
- Head of State: King Abdullah II (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdullah Ensour (since 2012)

Qatar
- Head of State:
  - Emir Hamad bin Chalifa Al Thani (1995–25 June 2013) (1995–1996 Prime Minister)
  - Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (since June 25, 2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hamad ibn Jasim ibn Jabir Al Thani (2007–26 June 2013)
  - Prime Minister Abdullah bin Nasser bin Chalifa Al Thani (since June 26, 2013)

Kuwait

Head of State: Emir Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 2006) (2003-2006 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Jabir Mubarak al-Hamad as-Sabah (2011-2019)

Lebanon
- Head of State: President Michel Sulaiman (2008-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Najib Miqati ( 2005 , 2011-2014)

Oman
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Qaboos ibn Said (1970–2020)

Palestinian Territories
- Head of State: President Mahmud Abbas (since 2005) (Prime Minister 2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ismail Haniyya (2006-2007) (de facto continues to rule the Gaza Strip and does not recognize Fayyad)
  - Prime Minister Salam Fayyad (2007–6 June 2013) (de facto only ruled in the West Bank)
  - Prime Minister Rami Hamdallah (June 6, 2013–2019) (de facto only ruled in the West Bank)

Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz (2005-2015)

Syria
- Head of State: President Bashar al-Assad (since 2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Wael al-Halki (since 2012)

Turkey
- Head of State: President Abdullah Gül (2007–2014) (2002–2003 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (2003-2014) (President since 2014)

United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Chalifa bin Zayid Al Nahyan (since 2004) (since 2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Muhammad bin Raschid Al Maktum (since 2006) (since 2006 Emir of Dubai)

Central Asia

Afghanistan
- Head of State and Government: President Hamid Karzai (2001-2014)

Kazakhstan

Head of State: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1991-2019)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Serik Akhmetov (2012-2014)

Kyrgyzstan
- Head of State: President Almasbek Atambayev (2011–2017) (2007, 2010–2011 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dschantörö Satybaldijew (2012-2014)

Mongolia
- Head of State: President Tsachiagiin Elbegdordsch (2009–2017) (1998, 2004–2006 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Norowyn Altanchujag ( 2009 , 2012-2014)

Tajikistan
- Head of State: President Emomalij Rahmon (since 1992)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Oqil Oqilow (1999–23 November 2013)
  - Prime Minister Kokhir Rasulzoda (since November 23, 2013)

Turkmenistan
- Head of State and Government: President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (since 2006) (acting until 2007)

Uzbekistan

Head of State: President Islom Karimov (1991-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Shavkat Mirziyoyev (since 2003)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Quentin Bryce (2008-2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Julia Gillard (2010–27 June 2013)
  - Prime Minister Kevin Rudd ( 2007–2010 , June 27, 2013– September 18, 2013)
  - Prime Minister Tony Abbott (September 18, 2013–2015)

Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
  - Queen's Representative:
    - Frederick Tutu Goodwin (2001– July 27, 2013)
    - Tom Marsters (since July 27, 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Henry Puna (since 2010)

Fiji
- Head of State: President Epeli Nailatikau (2009–2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama (since 2007) (acting) (2000 Chairman of the Military Government)

Kiribati
- Head of State and Government: President Anote Tong (2003-2016)

Marshall Islands
- Head of State and Government: President Christopher Loeak (2012-2016)

Micronesia
- Head of State or Government: President Manny Mori (2007-2015)

Nauru
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Sprent Dabwido (2011–11 June 2013)
  - President Baron Waqa (June 11, 2013-2019)

New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Jerry Mateparae (since 2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Key (since 2008)

Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Toke Talagi (since 2008)

Palau
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Johnson Toribiong (2009–17 January 2013)
  - President Tommy Remengesau ( 2001–2009 , since January 17, 2013)

Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
  - Governor General : Michael Ogio (2010–2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Peter O'Neill (2011-2019)

Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Frank Kabui (2009–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Gordon Darcy Lilo (2011-2014)

Samoa

Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tupuola Taisi Tufuga Efi (2007–2017) (Prime Minister 1976–1982)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sailele Tuilaʻepa Malielegaoi (since 1998)

Tonga
- Head of State: King Tupou VI. (since 2012) (Prime Minister 2000–2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō (2010-2014)

Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Iakoba Italeli (since 2010)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Willy Telavi (2010–1 August 2013)
  - Prime Minister Enele Sopoaga (August 5, 2013–2019) (provisional from August 1, 2013)

Vanuatu
- Head of State: President Iolu Abil (2009-2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sato Kilman ( 2010–2011, 2011 , 2011–23 March 2013)
  - Prime Minister Moana Carcasses Kalosil (March 23, 2013–2014)

Europe

Albania
- Head of State: President Bujar Nishani (2012-2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sali Berisha (2005–15 September 2013) (1992–1997 President)
  - Prime Minister Edi Rama (since September 15, 2013)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France François Hollande (2012-2017)
    - Personal representative : Sylvie Hubac (2012–2015)
  - Bishop of Urgell Joan Enric Vives i Sicília (since 2003)
    - Personal representative: Josep Maria Mauri (since 2010)
- Head of Government: District President Antoni Martí Petit (2011–2015, 2015–2019 )

Belgium
- Head of State:
  - King Albert II (1993–21 July 2013)
  - King Philippe (since July 21, 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Elio Di Rupo (2011-2014)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State:
  - President of the State Presidency Nebojša Radmanović ( 2006–2007, 2008–2009, 2010–2011 , 2012–10 July 2013)
  - President of the State Presidium Željko Komšić ( 2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2011–2012 , July 10, 2013–2014, 2019–2020 )
- State Presidency:
  - Bosniaks: Bakir Izetbegović (2010-2018)
  - Croatians: Željko Komšić (2006–2014, since 2018 )
  - Serbs: Nebojša Radmanović (2006-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Vjekoslav Bevanda (2012–2015)

Bulgaria
- Head of State: President Rossen Plevnelev (2012-2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Boyko Borissow (2009–13 March 2013, 2017–2017, since 2017 )
  - Prime Minister Marin Rajkow (March 13, 2013– May 29, 2013) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Plamen Oresharski (May 29, 2013–2014)

Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt (2011-2015)
- Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudmann Dan Michael Knudsen (since 2008)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Kaj Leo Johannesen (2008-2015)
- Greenland (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsfrau Mikaela Engell (since 2011)
  - Head of Government:
    - Prime Minister Kuupik Kleist (2009–5 April 2013)
    - Prime Minister Aleqa Hammond (April 5, 2013–2014)

Germany
- Head of State: Federal President Joachim Gauck (2012-2017)
- Head of Government: Chancellor Angela Merkel (since 2005)

Estonia
- Head of State: President Toomas Hendrik Ilves (2006–2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrus Ansip (2005-2014)

Finland
- Head of State: President Sauli Niinistö (since 2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jyrki Katainen (2011-2014)

France
- Head of State: President François Hollande (2012-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault (2012-2014)

Greece
- Head of State: President Karolos Papoulias (2005-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andonis Samaras (2012–2015)

Ireland
- Head of State: President Michael D. Higgins (since 2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Enda Kenny (2011-2017)

Iceland
- Head of State: President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (1996–2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir (2009–23 May 2013)
  - Prime Minister Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson (May 23, 2013–2016)

Italy
- Head of State: President Giorgio Napolitano (2006-2015)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mario Monti (2011–28 April 2013) (provisional since 2012)
  - Prime Minister Enrico Letta (April 28, 2013–2014)

Channel Islands

guernsey

Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
Vice-Governor: Peter Walker (2011-2015)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Peter Harwood (2012-2014)

jersey

Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
Lieutenant Governor: John McColl (since 2011)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Ian Gorst (2011-2018)

Croatia
- Head of State: President Ivo Josipović (2010–2015)
- Head of Government: District President Zoran Milanović (2011-2016)

Latvia
- Head of State: President Andris Bērziņš (2011-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis (2009-2014)

Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
  - Regent: Hereditary Prince Alois (since 2004)
- Head of Government :
  - Klaus Tschütscher (2009–27 March 2013)
  - Adrian Hasler (since March 27, 2013)

Lithuania
- Head of State: President Dalia Grybauskaitė (2009-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Algirdas Butkevičius (2012-2016)

Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Henri (since 2000) (1998–2000 regent)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker (1995–4 December 2013)
  - Prime Minister Xavier Bettel (since December 4, 2013)

Malta
- Head of State: President George Abela (2009-2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi (2004–11 March 2013)
  - Prime Minister Joseph Muscat (March 11, 2013-2020)

Isle of Man
- Head of State: Lord of Mann Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Lieutenant Governor : Adam Wood (2011-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Allan Bell (2011-2016)

Macedonia
- Head of State: President Gjorge Ivanov (2009-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski (2006-2016)

Moldova
- Head of State: President Nicolae Timofti (2012-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Vlad Filat (2009–25 April 2013)
  - Prime Minister Iurie Leancă (April 25, 2013–2015) (provisional until May 31, 2013)
- Transnistria (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State: President Yevgeny Vasilyevich Shevchuk (2011-2016)
  - Head of Government:
    - Prime Minister Pyotr Stepanov (2012–10 July 2013)
    - Prime Minister Tatjana Turanskaja (July 10, 2013–2015)

Monaco
- Head of State: Prince : Albert II (since 2005)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Michel Roger (2010-2016)

Montenegro
- Head of State: President Filip Vujanović ( 2002–2003 , 2003–2018) (1998–2003 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Milo Đukanović ( 1991–1998, 2003–2006, 2008–2010 , 2012–2016) (1998–2002 President)

Netherlands
- Head of State:
  - Queen Beatrix (1980-30 April 2013)
  - King Willem-Alexander (since April 30, 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mark Rutte (since 2010)

Norway
- Head of State: King Harald V (since 1991)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg ( 2000–2001 , 2005–16 October 2013)
  - Prime Minister Erna Solberg (since October 16, 2013)

Austria
- Head of State: Federal President Heinz Fischer (2004–2016)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Werner Faymann (2008-2016)

Poland
- Head of State: President Bronisław Komorowski (2010-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Donald Tusk (2007-2014)

Portugal
- Head of State: President Aníbal Cavaco Silva (2006–2016) (1985–1995 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho (2011-2015)

Romania
- Head of State: President Traian Băsescu (2004–2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Victor Ponta (2012–2015)

Russia
- Head of State: President Vladimir Putin ( 1999–2008 , since 2012) (1999–2000, 2008–2012 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev (2012–2020) (2008–2012 President)

San Marino
- Heads of State: Capitani Reggenti :
  - Teodoro Lonfernini (October 1, 2012– April 1, 2013) and Denise Bronzetti (October 1, 2012– April 1, 2013)
  - Denis Amici (April 1, 2013– October 1, 2013) and Antonella Mularoni (April 1, 2013– October 1, 2013)
  - Gian Carlo Capicchioni (October 1, 2013– April 1, 2014) and Anna Maria Muccioli (October 1, 2013– April 1, 2014)
- Head of Government: Foreign Minister Pasquale Valentini (2012-2016)

Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt (2006–2014)

Switzerland
- Federal President Ueli Maurer (2013)
- Federal Council :
  - Doris Leuthard (since 2006)
  - Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (2008-2015)
  - Ueli Maurer (since 2009)
  - Didier Burkhalter (2009-2017)
  - Johann Schneider-Ammann (since 2010)
  - Simonetta Sommaruga (since 2010)
  - Alain Berset (since 2012)

Serbia

Head of State: President Tomislav Nikolić (2012-2017)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Ivica Dačić (2012-2014)

Kosovo (independent since 2008, not internationally recognized)

President Atifete Jahjaga (2011-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Hashim Thaçi (2008-2014) (President since 2016)

Slovakia
- Head of State: President Ivan Gašparovič (2004–2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Fico ( 2006–2010 , 2012–2018)

Slovenia
- Head of State: President Borut Pahor (since 2012) (Prime Minister 2008–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Janez Janša ( 2004–2008 , 2012–20 March 2013, since 2020 )
  - Prime Minister Alenka Bratušek (March 20, 2013–2014)

Spain
- Head of State: King Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy (2011-2018)

Czech Republic
- Head of State:
  - President Václav Klaus ( 1993 , 2003–7 March 2013) (1993–1997 Prime Minister)
  - President Miloš Zeman (since March 8, 2013) (Prime Minister 1998–2002)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Petr Nečas (2010-10 July 2013)
  - Prime Minister Jiří Rusnok (July 10, 2013-2014)

Ukraine
- Head of State: President Viktor Yanukovych (2010–2014) (2002–2005, 2006–2007 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mykola Azarov ( 2004, 2005 , 2010–2014)

Hungary
- Head of State: President János Áder (since 2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Viktor Orbán ( 1998–2002 , since 2010)

Vatican city

Head of State:

Pope Benedict XVI (2005–28 February 2013)

College of Cardinals (interim, February 28, 2013 to March 13, 2013)

Pope Francis (since March 13, 2013)

Head of Government: President of the Governorate Giuseppe Bertello (since 2011)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister David Cameron (2010-2016)

Belarus
- Head of State: President Aljaksandr Lukashenka (since 1994)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mikhail Myasnikovich (2010–2014)

Republic of Cyprus
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Dimitris Christofias (2008–28 February 2013)
  - President Nikos Anastasiadis (since February 28, 2013)
- Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State: President Derviş Eroğlu (2010–2015) (1985–1994, 1996–2004, 2009–2010 Prime Minister)
  - Head of Government:
    - Prime Minister İrsen Küçük (2010–13 June 2013)
    - Prime Minister Sibel Siber (June 13, 2013– September 2, 2013)
    - Prime Minister Özkan Yorgancıoğlu (September 2, 2013–2015)

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[kronbesitz-1] The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.

[2] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares