List of Heads of State 2014

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Africa

Egypt
- Head of State:
  - President Adly Mansour (2013–8 June 2014) (acting)
  - President Abd al-Fattah as-Sisi (since June 8, 2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hasim al-Beblawi (2013–1 March 2014) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Ibrahim Mahlab (March 1, 2014–2015)

Algeria
- Head of State: President Abd al-Aziz Bouteflika (1999-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal (2012–13 March 2014, 2014–2017 )
  - Prime Minister Youcef Yousfi (March 13, 2014– April 28, 2014)
  - Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal ( 2012–2014 , April 28, 2014–2017)

Angola
- Head of State and Government: President José Eduardo dos Santos (1979–2017)

Equatorial Guinea
- Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Vicente Ehate Tomi (since 2012)

Ethiopia
- Head of State: President Mulatu Teschome (2013-2018)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn (2012-2018)

Benin
- Head of State or Government: President Boni Yayi (2006-2016)

Botswana
- Head of State or Government: President Ian Khama (2008-2018)

Burkina Faso
- Head of State:
  - President Blaise Compaoré (1987–31 October 2014)
  - President Honoré Traoré (October 31, 2014– November 1, 2014)
  - President Isaac Yacouba Zida (November 1, 2014– November 16, 2014) (Prime Minister 2014–2015, 2015–2016)
  - President Michel Kafando (November 16, 2014–2015) (acting)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Luc-Adolphe Tiao (2011–30 October 2014)
  - Prime Minister Issac Yacouba Zida (November 22, 2014–2015, 2015–2016 ) (acting) (President 2014)

Burundi
- Head of State and Government: President Pierre Nkurunziza (2005–2020)

Djibouti
- Head of State: President Ismail Omar Guelleh (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed (since 2013)

Ivory Coast
- Head of State: President Alassane Ouattara (since 2010) (Prime Minister 1990–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Daniel Kablan Duncan ( 1993–1999 , 2012–2017)

Eritrea
- Head of State and Government: President Isayas Afewerki (since 1993)

Gabon
- Head of State: President Ali-Ben Bongo Ondimba (since 2009)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Raymond Ndong Sima (2012–24 January 2014)
  - Prime Minister Daniel Ona Ondo (January 24, 2014–2016)

Gambia
- Head of State and Government: President Yahya Jammeh (1994–2017) (until 1996 Chairman of the Provisional Government Council of the Army)

Ghana
- Head of State or Government: President John Dramani Mahama (2012-2017)

Guinea
- Head of State: President Alpha Condé (since 2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Saïd Fofana (2010-2015)

Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State:
  - President Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo (2012–23 June 2014) (acting)
  - President José Mário Vaz (June 23, 2014–2020)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Rui Duarte de Barros (2012–4 July 2014) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Domingos Simões Pereira (July 4, 2014–2015)

Cameroon
- Head of State: President Paul Biya (since 1982)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Philémon Yang (2009-2019)

Cape Verde
- Head of State: President Jorge Carlos Fonseca (since 2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José Maria Neves (since 2001)

Kenya
- Head of State or Government: President Uhuru Kenyatta (since 2013)

Comoros
- Head of State or Government: President Ikililou Dhoinine (since 2011)

Democratic Republic of the Congo (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1971–1997 Zaïre )
- Head of State: President Joseph Kabila (2001-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Augustin Matata Ponyo (since 2012)

Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; 1970–1992 People's Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State and Government: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso ( 1979–1992 , since 1997)

Lesotho
- Head of State: King Letsie III. ( 1990–1995 , since 1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Thomas Thabane (2012–2015, 2017–2020 )

Liberia
- Head of State or Government: President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (2006–2018)

Libya
- Head of State:
  - President of the General National Assembly Nuri Busahmein (2013–4 August 2014)
  - President of the Abu Bakr Baira Council of Representatives (August 4, 2014– August 5, 2014) (acting)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ali Seidan (2012–11 March 2014)
  - Prime Minister Abdullah Thenni (since March 11, 2014)

Madagascar
- Head of State:
  - President Andry Rajoelina (2009–25 January 2014, since 2019 )
  - President Hery Rajaonarimampianina (January 25, 2014-2018)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Omer Beriziky (2011–11 April 2014)
  - Prime Minister Roger Kolo (April 11, 2014–2015)

Malawi
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Joyce Banda (2012–31 May 2014)
  - President Peter Mutharika (May 31, 2014–2020)

Mali
- Head of State: President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta (2013-2020)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Oumar Tatam Ly (2013–9 April 2014)
  - Prime Minister Moussa Mara (April 9, 2014–2015)

Morocco
- Head of State: King Mohammed VI. (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane (2011-2017)

Mauritania
- Head of State: President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz ( 2008–2009 , 2009–2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdhaf (2008–20 August 2014)
  - Prime Minister Yahya Ould Hademine (August 21, 2014-2018)

Mauritius
- Head of State: President Kailash Purryag (2012-2015)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam ( 1995–2000 , 2005–17 December 2014)
  - Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth ( 1982–1995 , 2000–2003 , December 17, 2014–2017)

Mozambique

Head of State: President Armando Guebuza (2005–2015)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Alberto Vaquina (2012–2015)

Namibia
- Head of State: President Hifikepunye Pohamba (2005-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hage Geingob ( 1990–2002 , 2012–2015) (since 2015 President)

Niger

Head of State: President Mahamadou Issoufou (since 2011) (1993–1994 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Brigi Rafini (since 2011)

Nigeria
- Head of State or Government: President Goodluck Jonathan (2010-2015)

Rwanda
- Head of State: President Paul Kagame (since 2000)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Pierre Habumuremyi (2011–24 July 2014)
  - Prime Minister Anastase Murekezi (July 24, 2014-2017)

Zambia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Michael Sata (2011– October 28, 2014)
  - President Guy Scott (October 29, 2014-2015) (Acting)

Sao Tome and Principe
- Head of State: President Manuel Pinto da Costa ( 1975–1991 , 2011–2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Gabriel Arcanjo da Costa ( 2002 , 2012–29 November 2014)
  - Prime Minister Patrice Trovoada ( 2008 , 2010–2012 , November 29, 2014–2018)

Senegal
- Head of State: President Macky Sall (since 2012) (Prime Minister 2004–2007)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Aminata Touré (2013–8 July 2014)
  - Prime Minister Mohamed Ben Abdallah Dionne (since July 8, 2014)

Seychelles
- Head of State or Government: President James Alix Michel (2004–2016)

Sierra Leone
- Head of State and Government: President Ernest Koroma (2007-2018)

Zimbabwe
- Head of State: President Robert Mugabe (1987–2017) (1980–1987 Prime Minister)

Somalia
- Head of State: President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud (2012-2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed (2013–6 December 2014)
  - Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke (December 24, 2014–2017)
- Somaliland (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State and Government: President Ahmed Mohammed Mahamoud Silanyo (since 2010)

South Africa
- Head of State and Government: President Jacob Zuma (2009–2018)

Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Umar al-Bashir (1989–2019)

South Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Salva Kiir Mayardit (since 2011)

Swaziland

Head of State: King Mswati III. (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini ( 1996–2003 , 2008–2018)

Tanzania
- Head of State: President Jakaya Kikwete (2005–2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda (2008-2015)

Togo

Head of State: President Faure Gnassingbé ( 2005 , since 2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Kwesi Ahoomey-Zunu (2012–2015)

Chad
- Head of State: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kalzeubé Pahimi Deubet (since 2013)

Tunisia
- Head of State:
  - President Moncef Marzouki (2011–31 December 2014)
  - President Beji Caid Essebsi (December 31, 2014–2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ali Larajedh (2013–9 January 2014)
  - Prime Minister Mehdi Jomaâ (January 9, 2014–2015) (acting)

Uganda
- Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Amama Mbabazi (2011–18 September 2014)
  - Prime Minister Ruhakana Rugunda (since September 18, 2014)

Western Sahara (controversial)
- Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz (1976-2016) (in exile)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar (2003–2018) (in exile)

Central African Republic
- Head of State:
  - President Michel Djotodia (2013–10 January 2014)
  - President Alexandre-Ferdinand Nguendet (January 10, 2014– January 23, 2014) (acting)
  - President Catherine Samba-Panza (January 23, 2014-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Nicolas Tiangaye (2013–10 January 2014)
  - Prime Minister André Nzapayeké (January 25, 2014– August 10, 2014)
  - Prime Minister Mahamat Kamoun (since August 10, 2014)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : David Johnston (2010-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Stephen Harper (2006-2015)

Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Enrique Peña Nieto (2012–2018)

United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President Barack Obama (2009-2017)

Central America

Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General :
    - Louise Lake-Tack (2007–14 August 2014)
    - Rodney Williams (since August 14, 2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer (2004–13 June 2014)
  - Prime Minister Gaston Browne (since June 13, 2014)

Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
  - Governor General :
    - Arthur Foulkes (2010-8 July 2014)
    - Marguerite Pindling (July 8, 2014–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Perry Christie ( 2002-2007 , 2012-2017)

Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
  - Governor General : Elliot Belgrave ( 2011–2012 , 2012–2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Freundel Stuart (2010-2018)

Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Colville Young (since 1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dean Barrow (since 2008)

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Laura Chinchilla (2010–8 May 2014)
  - President Luis Guillermo Solís (May 8, 2014-2018)

Dominica
- Head of State: President Charles Savarin (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit (since 2004)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Danilo Medina (2012–2020)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Mauricio Funes (2009–1 June 2014)
  - President Salvador Sánchez Cerén (June 1, 2014–2019)

Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Governor General : Cécile La Grenade (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Keith Mitchell ( 1995–2008 , since 2013)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Otto Pérez Molina (2012–2015)

Haiti
- Head of State: President Michel Martelly (2011-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Laurent Lamothe (2012–20 December 2014)
  - Prime Minister Florence Duperval Guillaume (December 20, 2014–2015) (acting)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Porfirio Lobo Sosa (2010–27 January 2014)
  - President Juan Orlando Hernández (since January 27, 2014)

Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
  - Governor General : Patrick Allen (since 2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller ( 2006–2007 , since 2012)

Cuba
Head of State and Head of Government: President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Raúl Castro (2006-2018) (provisional until 2008)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Daniel Ortega ( 1985–1990 , since 2007) (1979–1985 member of the government junta for national reconstruction)

Panama
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Ricardo Martinelli (2009–1 July 2014)
  - President Juan Carlos Varela (July 1, 2014-2019)

St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
  - Governor General : Edmund Lawrence (2013-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Denzil Douglas (1995-2015)

St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Dame Pearlette Louisy (1997-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kenneth Anthony ( 1997-2006 , 2011-2016)

St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Frederick Ballantyne (2002–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves (since 2001)

Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State: President Anthony Carmona (2013-2018)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar (2010–2015)

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007–2015)

Bolivia
- Head of State or Government: President Evo Morales (2006-2019)

Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Dilma Rousseff (2011–2016)

Chile
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Sebastián Piñera (2010–11 March 2014)
  - President Michelle Bachelet ( 2006–2010 , March 11, 2014–2018)

Ecuador
- Head of State or Government: President Rafael Correa (2007-2017)

Guyana
- Head of State: President Donald Ramotar (2011-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sam Hinds ( 1992–1997, 1997–1999 , 1999–2015) (1997 President)

Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Juan Manuel Santos (2010-2018)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Horacio Cartes (2013-2018)

Peru
- Head of State: President Ollanta Humala (2011-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister César Villanueva (2013–24 February 2014, 2018–2019 )
  - Prime Minister René Cornejo (February 24, 2014– July 22, 2014)
  - Prime Minister Ana Jara (July 22, 2014–2015)

Suriname
- Head of State and Government: President Dési Bouterse ( 1980, 1982 , 2010-2020)
- Head of Government: Vice President Robert Ameerali (2010-2015)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President José Mujica (2010–2015)

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Nicolás Maduro (since 2013)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bangladesh
- Head of State: President Abdul Hamid (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hasina Wajed ( 1996–2001 , since 2009)

Bhutan
- Head of State: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (since 2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay (2013-2018)

Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)

Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State: President Ma Ying-jeou (2008-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jiang Yi-huah (2013–4 December 2014)
  - Prime Minister Mao Chi-kuo (since December 4, 2014)

People's Republic of China
- Head of State: President Xi Jinping (since 2013)
- Prime Minister: State Council Chairman Li Keqiang (since 2013)

India
- Head of State: President Pranab Mukherjee (since 2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Manmohan Singh (2004–26 May 2014)
  - Prime Minister Narendra Modi (since May 26, 2014)

Indonesia
- Head of State and Head of Government:
  - President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004–20 October 2014)
  - President Joko Widodo (since October 20, 2014)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Akihito (1989-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Shinzō Abe ( 2006–2007 , since 2012)

Cambodia
- Head of State: King Norodom Sihamoni (since 2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)

North Korea
- De facto ruler : Kim Jong-un (since 2012)
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Kim Yong-nam (since 1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pak Pong-ju ( 2003–2007 , 2013–2019)

South Korea
- Head of State: President Park Geun-hye (2013–2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jung Hong-won (2013-2015)

Laos

Head of State: President Choummaly Sayasone (2006-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Thongsing Thammavong (2010-2016)

Malaysia
- Head of State: Supreme Ruler Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah (since 2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Najib Razak (2009-2018)

Maldives
- Head of State or Government: President Abdulla Yameen (2013-2018)

Myanmar
- Head of State and Government: President Thein Sein (since 2011) (2007–2011 Prime Minister)

Nepal
- Head of State: President Ram Baran Yadav (2008-2015)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Khil Raj Regmi (2013–11 February 2014)
  - Prime Minister Sushil Koirala (February 11, 2014–2015)

East Timor
- Head of State: President Taur Matan Ruak (2012-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão (2007–2015) (2002–2007 President)

Pakistan
- Head of State: President Mamnoon Hussain (2013-2018)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif ( 1990–1993 , 1997–1999 , 2013–2017)

Philippines
- Head of State and Government: President Benigno Aquino III. (2010-2016)

Singapore
- Head of State: President Tony Tan Keng Yam (2011-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong (since 2004)

Sri Lanka
- Head of State: President Mahinda Rajapaksa (2005–2015) (2004–2005, 2018, Prime Minister since 2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister D. M. Jayaratne (2010–2015)

Thailand
- Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra (2011–7 May 2014)
  - Prime Minister Niwatthamrong Boonsongphaisan (May 7, 2014– May 22, 2014) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha (since May 23, 2014)

Vietnam

Head of State: President Trương Tấn Sang (since 2011)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng (since 2006)

Middle East

Armenia
- Head of State: President Serzh Sargsyan (2008–2018) (2007–2008 and 2018 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Tigran Sargsyan (2008–13 April 2014)
  - Prime Minister Howik Abrahamjan (April 13, 2014-2016)

Azerbaijan

Head of State: President Ilham Aliyev (since 2003)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Artur Rasizadä ( 1996–2003 , 2003–2018)

Nagorno Karabakh (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Bako Sahakjan (since 2007)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Arajik Harutjunjan (since 2007)

Bahrain
- Head of State: King Hamad bin Isa Al Chalifa (since 1999) (Emir until 2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

Georgia

Head of State: President Giorgi Margwelaschwili (2013-2018)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Irakli Gharibashvili (since 2013)

Abkhazia (not recognized internationally)

Head of State:

President Alexander Ankwab (2011–1 June 2014) (2005–2010, Prime Minister since 2020)

President Valeri Bganba (June 1, 2014– September 25, 2014) (acting) (Prime Minister 2018–2020)

President Raul Hadschimba (September 25, 2014–2020)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Leonid Lakerbaja (2011–2 June 2014)

Prime Minister Vladimir Delba (June 2, 2014– September 29, 2014) (acting)

Prime Minister Beslan Butba (September 29, 2014-2015)

South Ossetia (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Leonid Tibilow (2012-2017)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Rostislav Khugayev (2012–20 January 2014)

Prime Minister Domenti Kulumbegow (January 20, 2014-2017)

Iraq
- Head of State:
  - President Jalal Talabani (2005–24 July 2014)
  - President Fuad Masum (July 24, 2014-2018)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki (2006–8 September 2014)
  - Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi (September 8, 2014-2018)

Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) (Prime Minister 1981–1989)
- Head of Government: President Hassan Rohani (since 2013)

Israel
- Head of State:
  - President Shimon Peres (2007–24 July 2014) (1977, 1984–1986, 1995–1996 Prime Minister)
  - President Reuven Rivlin (since July 24, 2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu ( 1996–1999 , since 2009)

Yemen
- Head of State: President Abed Rabbo Mansur Hadi (since 2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mohammed Basindawa (2011–24 September 2014)
  - Prime Minister Abdullah Mohsen al-Akwa (September 24, 2014– November 9, 2014) ( acting )
  - Prime Minister Chalid Bahah (November 9, 2014-2016)

Jordan
- Head of State: King Abdullah II (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdullah Ensour (since 2012)

Qatar
- Head of State: Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdullah bin Nasser bin Chalifa Al Thani (since 2013)

Kuwait

Head of State: Emir Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 2006) (2003-2006 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Jabir Mubarak al-Hamad as-Sabah (2011-2019)

Lebanon
- Head of State:
  - President Michel Sulaiman (2008–25 May 2014)
  - vacant (May 25, 2014-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Najib Miqati ( 2005 , 2011–15 February 2014)
  - Prime Minister Tammam Salam (since February 15, 2014)

Oman
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Qaboos ibn Said (1970–2020)

Palestinian Territories

Head of State: President Mahmud Abbas (since 2005) (Prime Minister 2003)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Rami Hamdallah (2013-2019) (de facto only ruled in the West Bank)

Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz (2005-2015)

Syria
- Head of State: President Bashar al-Assad (since 2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Wael al-Halki (since 2012)

Turkey
- Head of State:
  - President Abdullah Gül (2007–28 August 2014) (2002–2003 Prime Minister)
  - President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (since August 28, 2014) (2003-2014 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (2003–28 August 2014) (President since 2014)
  - Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu (since August 28, 2014)

United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Chalifa bin Zayid Al Nahyan (since 2004) (since 2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Muhammad bin Raschid Al Maktum (since 2006) (since 2006 Emir of Dubai)

Central Asia

Afghanistan
- Head of State:
  - President Hamid Karzai (2001–29 September 2014)
  - President Ashraf Ghani Ahmadsai (since September 29, 2014)
- Head of Government: Managing Director Abdullah Abdullah (since September 29, 2014)

Kazakhstan
- Head of State: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1991-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Serik Akhmetov (2012–2 April 2014)
  - Prime Minister Kärim Mässimow ( 2007–2012 , since April 2, 2014)

Kyrgyzstan
- Head of State: President Almasbek Atambayev (2011–2017) (2007, 2010–2011 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Dschantörö Satybaldijew (2012–26 March 2014)
  - Prime Minister Joomart Otorbayev (March 26, 2014–2015) (provisional until April 3, 2014)

Mongolia
- Head of State: President Tsachiagiin Elbegdordsch (2009–2017) (1998, 2004–2006 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Norowyn Altanchujag ( 2009 , 2012–5 November 2014)
  - Prime Minister Dendewiin Terbishdagwa (acting) (November 5, 2014– November 21, 2014)
  - Prime Minister Tschimediin Saichanbileg (November 21, 2014-2016)

Tajikistan

Head of State: President Emomalij Rahmon (since 1992)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Kochir Rasulsoda (since 2013)

Turkmenistan
- Head of State and Government: President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (since 2006) (acting until 2007)

Uzbekistan

Head of State: President Islom Karimov (1991-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Shavkat Mirziyoyev (since 2003)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General :
    - Quentin Bryce (2008–28 March 2014)
    - Peter Cosgrove (March 28, 2014-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tony Abbott (2013-2015)

Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
  - Queen's Representative: Tom Marsters (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Henry Puna (since 2010)

Fiji
- Head of State: President Epeli Nailatikau (2009–2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama (since 2007) (acting) (2000 Chairman of the Military Government)

Kiribati
- Head of State and Government: President Anote Tong (2003-2016)

Marshall Islands
- Head of State and Government: President Christopher Loeak (2012-2016)

Micronesia
- Head of State or Government: President Manny Mori (2007-2015)

Nauru
- Head of State and Government: President Baron Waqa (2013-2019)

New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Jerry Mateparae (since 2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Key (since 2008)

Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Toke Talagi (since 2008)

Palau
- Head of State and Government: President Tommy Remengesau ( 2001–2009 , since 2013)

Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
  - Governor General : Michael Ogio (2010–2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Peter O'Neill (2011-2019)

Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Frank Kabui (2009–2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Gordon Darcy Lilo (2011–9 December 2014)
  - Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare ( 2000–2001, 2006–2007 , December 9, 2014–2017, since 2019 )

Samoa

Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tupuola Taisi Tufuga Efi (2007–2017) (Prime Minister 1976–1982)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sailele Tuilaʻepa Malielegaoi (since 1998)

Tonga
- Head of State: King Tupou VI. (since 2012) (Prime Minister 2000–2006)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō (2010–30 December 2014)
  - Prime Minister ʻAkilisi Pohiva (December 30, 2014-2019)

Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Iakoba Italeli (since 2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Enele Sopoaga (2013-2019)

Vanuatu
- Head of State:
  - President Iolu Abil (2009–2 September 2014)
  - President Philip Boedoro (September 2 - September 22, 2014) (acting)
  - President Baldwin Lonsdale (September 22, 2014-2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Moana Carcasses Kalosil (2013–15 May 2014)
  - Prime Minister Joe Natuman (May 15, 2014-2015)

Europe

Albania
- Head of State: President Bujar Nishani (2012-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edi Rama (since 2013)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France François Hollande (2012-2017)
    - Personal representative : Sylvie Hubac (2012–2015)
  - Bishop of Urgell Joan Enric Vives i Sicília (since 2003)
    - Personal representative: Josep Maria Mauri (since 2010)
- Head of Government: District President Antoni Martí Petit (2011–2015, 2015–2019 )

Belgium
- Head of State: King Philippe (since 2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Elio Di Rupo (2011–11 October 2014)
  - Prime Minister Charles Michel (October 11, 2014-2019)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State:
  - President of the State Presidency Željko Komšić ( 2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2011–2012 , 2013–10 March 2014, 2019–2020 )
  - President of the State Presidium Bakir Izetbegović ( 2012 , March 10, 2014– November 17, 2014, 2016 )
  - President of the State Presidium Mladen Ivanić (November 17, 2014–2015, 2016–2017 )
- State Presidency:
  - Bosniaks: Bakir Izetbegović (2010-2018)
  - Croatians:
    - Željko Komšić (2006–17 November 2014, since 2018 )
    - Dragan Čović ( 2002–2005 , November 17, 2014–2018)
  - Serbs:
    - Nebojša Radmanović (2006–17 November 2014)
    - Mladen Ivanić (November 17, 2014-2018)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Vjekoslav Bevanda (2012–2015)

Bulgaria
- Head of State: President Rossen Plevnelev (2012-2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Plamen Oresharsky (2013–5 August 2014)
  - Prime Minister Georgi Blisnaschki (August 5, 2014– November 7, 2014) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Boyko Borissow ( 2009–2013 , since November 7, 2014–2017, since 2017 )

Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt (2011-2015)
- Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudmann Dan Michael Knudsen (since 2008)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Kaj Leo Johannesen (2008-2015)
- Greenland (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsfrau Mikaela Engell (since 2011)
  - Head of Government:
    - Prime Minister Aleqa Hammond (since 2013–12 December 2014) (on leave since October 1, 2014)
    - Prime Minister Kim Kielsen (since October 1, 2014) (provisional until December 12, 2014)

Germany
- Head of State: Federal President Joachim Gauck (2012-2017)
- Head of Government: Chancellor Angela Merkel (since 2005)

Estonia
- Head of State: President Toomas Hendrik Ilves (2006–2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Andrus Ansip (2005–26 March 2014)
  - Prime Minister: Taavi Rõivas (March 26, 2014-2016)

Finland
- Head of State: President Sauli Niinistö (since 2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jyrki Katainen (2011–24 June 2014)
  - Prime Minister Alexander Stubb (June 24, 2014–2015)

France
- Head of State: President François Hollande (2012-2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault (2012–1 April 2014)
  - Prime Minister Manuel Valls (April 1, 2014-2016)

Greece
- Head of State: President Karolos Papoulias (2005-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andonis Samaras (2012–2015)

Ireland
- Head of State: President Michael D. Higgins (since 2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Enda Kenny (2011-2017)

Iceland
- Head of State: President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (1996–2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson (2013–2016)

Italy
- Head of State: President Giorgio Napolitano (2006-2015)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Enrico Letta (2013–22 February 2014)
  - Prime Minister Matteo Renzi (February 22, 2014-2016)

Channel Islands

guernsey

Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
Vice-Governor: Peter Walker (2011-2015)

Head of Government:

Chief Minister Peter Harwood (2012–12 March 2014)

Chief Minister Jonathan Le Tocq (March 12, 2014-2016)

jersey

Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
Lieutenant Governor: John McColl (since 2011)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Ian Gorst (2011-2018)

Kosovo (independent since 2008, not internationally recognized)
- President Atifete Jahjaga (2011-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hashim Thaçi (2008–9 December 2014) (President since 2016)
  - Prime Minister Isa Mustafa (December 9, 2014-2017)

Croatia
- Head of State: President Ivo Josipović (2010–2015)
- Head of Government: District President Zoran Milanović (2011-2016)

Latvia
- Head of State: President Andris Bērziņš (2011-2015)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis (2009–22 January 2014)
  - Prime Minister Laimdota Straujuma (January 22, 2014-2016)

Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
  - Regent: Hereditary Prince Alois (since 2004)
- Head of Government : Adrian Hasler (since 2013)

Lithuania
- Head of State: President Dalia Grybauskaitė (2009-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Algirdas Butkevičius (2012-2016)

Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Henri (since 2000) (1998–2000 regent)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Xavier Bettel (since 2013)

Malta
- Head of State:
  - President George Abela (2009–4 April 2014)
  - President Marie Louise Coleiro Preca (April 4, 2014–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Joseph Muscat (2013-2020)

Isle of Man
- Head of State: Lord of Mann Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Lieutenant Governor : Adam Wood (2011-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Allan Bell (2011-2016)

Macedonia
- Head of State: President Gjorge Ivanov (2009-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski (2006-2016)

Moldova

Head of State: President Nicolae Timofti (2012-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Iurie Leancă (2013-2015)

Transnistria (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Yevgeny Vasilyevich Shevchuk (2011-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Tatjana Turanskaja (2013–2015)

Monaco
- Head of State: Prince : Albert II (since 2005)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Michel Roger (2010-2016)

Montenegro
- Head of State: President Filip Vujanović ( 2002–2003 , 2003–2018) (1998–2003 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Milo Đukanović ( 1991–1998, 2003–2006, 2008–2010 , 2012–2016) (1998–2002 President)

Netherlands
- Head of State: King Willem-Alexander (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mark Rutte (since 2010)

Norway
- Head of State: King Harald V (since 1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Erna Solberg (since 2013)

Austria
- Head of State: Federal President Heinz Fischer (2004–2016)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Werner Faymann (2008-2016)

Poland
- Head of State: President Bronisław Komorowski (2010-2015)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Donald Tusk (2007-22 September 2014)
  - Prime Minister Ewa Kopacz (September 22, 2014–2015)

Portugal
- Head of State: President Aníbal Cavaco Silva (2006–2016) (1985–1995 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho (2011-2015)

Romania
- Head of State:
  - President Traian Băsescu (2004–21 December 2014)
  - President Klaus Johannis (since December 21, 2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Victor Ponta (2012–2015)

Russia
- Head of State: President Vladimir Putin ( 1999–2008 , since 2012) (1999–2000, 2008–2012 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev (2012–2020) (2008–2012 President)

San Marino
- Heads of State: Capitani Reggenti :
  - Gian Carlo Capicchioni (2013–1 April 2014) and Anna Maria Muccioli (2013–1 April 2014)
  - Luca Beccari (April 1, 2014– October 1, 2014) and Valeria Ciavatta ( 2003–2004 , April 1, 2014– October 1, 2014)
  - Gian Franco Terenzi ( 1987–1988, 2000–2001, 2006 , October 1, 2014–2015) and Guerrino Zanotti (October 1, 2014–2015)
- Head of Government: Foreign Minister Pasquale Valentini (2012-2016)

Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt (2006–3 October 2014)
  - Prime Minister Stefan Löfven (since October 3, 2014)

Switzerland
- Federal President Didier Burkhalter (January 1, 2014– December 31, 2014)
- Federal Council :
  - Doris Leuthard (since 2006)
  - Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (2008-2015)
  - Ueli Maurer (since 2009)
  - Didier Burkhalter (2009-2017)
  - Johann Schneider-Ammann (since 2010)
  - Simonetta Sommaruga (since 2010)
  - Alain Berset (since 2012)

Serbia
- Head of State: President Tomislav Nikolić (2012-2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ivica Dačić (2012–27 April 2014)
  - Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić (April 27, 2014–2017) (President since 2017)

Slovakia
- Head of State:
  - President Ivan Gašparovič (2004–15 June 2014)
  - President Andrej Kiska (June 15, 2014-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Fico ( 2006–2010 , 2012–2018)

Slovenia
- Head of State: President Borut Pahor (since 2012) (Prime Minister 2008–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Alenka Bratušek (2013–18 September 2014)
  - Prime Minister Miro Cerar (September 18, 2014-2018)

Spain
- Head of State:
  - King Juan Carlos I (1975-18 June 2014)
  - King Philip VI (since June 19, 2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy (2011-2018)

Czech Republic
- Head of State: President Miloš Zeman (since 2013) (Prime Minister 1998–2002)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jiří Rusnok (2013–29 January 2014)
  - Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka (January 29, 2014-2017)

Ukraine
- Head of State:
  - President Viktor Yanukovych (2010–22 February 2014) (2002–2005, 2006–2007 Prime Minister)
  - President Oleksandr Turchynow (February 23, 2014– June 7, 2014) (acting)
  - President Petro Poroshenko (June 7, 2014-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mykola Azarov ( 2004, 2005 , 2010–28 January 2014)
  - Prime Minister Serhiy Arbusov (January 28, 2014– February 22, 2014) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenjuk (February 22, 2014-2016)

Hungary
- Head of State: President János Áder (since 2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Viktor Orbán ( 1998–2002 , since 2010)

Vatican city

Head of State: Pope Francis (since 2013)

Head of Government: President of the Governorate Giuseppe Bertello (since 2011)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister David Cameron (2010-2016)

Belarus
- Head of State: President Aljaksandr Lukashenka (since 1994)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mikhail Myasnikovich (2010–27 December 2014)
  - Prime Minister Andrej Kabjakou (December 27, 2014-2018)

Republic of Cyprus
- Head of State and Government: President Nikos Anastasiadis (since 2013)
- Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State: President Derviş Eroğlu (2010–2015) (1985–1994, 1996–2004, 2009–2010 Prime Minister)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Özkan Yorgancıoğlu (2013–2015)

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[kronbesitz-1] The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.

[2] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares