List of Heads of State 2018
Africa
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Egypt
- Head of State: President Abd al-Fattah as-Sisi (since 2014)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Sherif Ismail (2015 - July 7, 2018)
- Prime Minister Mustafa Madbuli (July 7, 2018– July 14, 2018) ( acting )
- Prime Minister Mustafa Madbuli (since July 14, 2018)
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Algeria
- Head of State: President Abd al-Aziz Bouteflika (1999-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia ( 1995–1998, 2003–2006, 2008–2012 , 2017–2019)
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Angola
- Head of State and Government: President João Lourenço (since 2017)
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Equatorial Guinea
- Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Francisco Pascual Obama Asue (since 2016)
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Ethiopia
- Head of State:
- President Mulatu Teschome (2013– October 25, 2018)
- President Sahle-Work Zewde (since October 25, 2018)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn (2012–15 February 2018)
- Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn (February 15, 2018 - April 2, 2018) ( acting )
- Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali (since April 2, 2018)
- Head of State:
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Benin
- Head of State and Government: President Patrice Talon (since 2016)
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Botswana
- Head of State and Government:
- President Ian Khama (2008–31 March 2018)
- President Mokgweetsi Masisi (since April 1, 2018)
- Head of State and Government:
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Burkina Faso
- Head of State: President Roch Marc Kaboré (since 2015) (1994–1996 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paul Kaba Thieba (2016–2019)
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Burundi
- Head of State and Government: President Pierre Nkurunziza (2005–2020)
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Djibouti
- Head of State: President Ismail Omar Guelleh (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed (since 2013)
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Ivory Coast
- Head of State: President Alassane Ouattara (since 2010) (Prime Minister 1990–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Amadou Gon Coulibaly (2017-2020)
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Eritrea
- Head of State and Government: President Isayas Afewerki (since 1993)
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Gabon
- Head of State: President Ali-Ben Bongo Ondimba (since 2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet (2016–2019)
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Gambia
- Head of State or Government: President Adama Barrow (since 2017)
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Ghana
- Head of State and Government: President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo (since 2017)
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Guinea
- Head of State: President Alpha Condé (since 2010)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Mamady Youla (2015–24 May 2018)
- Prime Minister Ibrahima Kassory Fofana (since May 24, 2018)
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Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State: President José Mário Vaz (2014–2020)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Umaro Sissoco Embaló (2016–16 January 2018)
- Prime Minister Artur Silva (January 30, 2018– April 16, 2018)
- Prime Minister Aristides Gomes ( 2005–2007 ; April 16, 2018–2019; 2019–2020 )
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Cameroon
- Head of State: President Paul Biya (since 1982)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Philémon Yang (2009-2019)
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Cape Verde
- Head of State: President Jorge Carlos Fonseca (since 2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ulisses Correia e Silva (since 2016)
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Kenya
- Head of State or Government: President Uhuru Kenyatta (since 2013)
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Comoros
- Head of State and Government: President Azali Assoumani ( 1999-2006 , since 2016)
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Democratic Republic of the Congo (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1971–1997 Zaïre )
- Head of State: President Joseph Kabila (2001-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bruno Tshibala (2017-2019)
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Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; 1970–1992 People's Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State and Government: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso ( 1979–1992 , since 1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Clément Mouamba (since 2016)
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Lesotho
- Head of State: King Letsie III. ( 1990–1995 , since 1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Thomas Thabane ( 2012–2015 , 2017–2020)
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Liberia
- Head of State and Government:
- President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (2006– January 22, 2018)
- President George Weah (since January 22, 2018)
- Head of State and Government:
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Libya
- Head of State: President of the Council of Representatives Aguila Saleh Issa (since 2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdullah Thenni (since 2014)
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Madagascar
- Head of State:
- President Hery Rajaonarimampianina (2014–7 September 2018)
- President Rivo Rakotovao (7 September 2018–2019) ( acting )
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana (2016–8 June 2018)
- Prime Minister Christian Ntsay (since June 8, 2018)
- Head of State:
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Malawi
- Head of State and Government: President Peter Mutharika (2014–2020)
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Mali
- Head of State: President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta (2013-2020)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga (2017-2019)
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Morocco
- Head of State: King Mohammed VI. (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Saadeddine Othmani (since 2017)
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Mauritania
- Head of State: President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz ( 2008–2009 , 2009–2019)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Yahya Ould Hademine (2014–29 October 2018)
- Prime Minister Mohamed Salem Ould Béchir (October 30, 2018-2019)
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Mauritius
- Head of State:
- President Ameenah Gurib (2015–23 March 2018)
- President Barlen Vyapoory (March 23, 2018-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth (since 2017)
- Head of State:
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Mozambique
- Head of State: President Filipe Nyusi (since 2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Carlos Agostinho do Rosário (since 2015)
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Namibia
- Head of State: President Hage Geingob (since 2015) (1990–2002, 2012–2015 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Saara Kuugongelwa-Amadhila (since 2015)
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Niger
- Head of State: President Mahamadou Issoufou (since 2011) (1993–1994 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Brigi Rafini (since 2011)
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Nigeria
- Head of State and Government: President Muhammadu Buhari ( 1983–1985 , since 2015)
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Rwanda
- Head of State: President Paul Kagame (since 2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Édouard Ngirente (since 2017)
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Zambia
- Head of State and Government: President Edgar Lungu (since 2015)
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Sao Tome and Principe
- Head of State: President Evaristo Carvalho (since 2016)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Patrice Trovoada ( 2008 , 2010–2012 , 2014–3 December 2018)
- Prime Minister Jorge Bom Jesus (since December 3, 2018)
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Senegal
- Head of State: President Macky Sall (since 2012) (Prime Minister 2004–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Ben Abdallah Dionne (since 2014)
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Seychelles
- Head of State and Government: President Danny Faure (since 2016)
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Sierra Leone
- Head of State:
- President Ernest Koroma (2007–4 April 2018)
- President Julius Maada Bio (since April 4, 2018)
- Prime Minister ("Chief Minister") David Francis (since May 8, 2018)
- Head of State:
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Zimbabwe
- Head of State or Government: President Emmerson Mnangagwa (since 2017)
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Somalia
- Head of State: President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed (since 2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hassan Ali Khaire (2017–2020)
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Somaliland (not internationally recognized)
- Head of State or Government: President Muse Bihi Abdi (2017-2019)
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South Africa
- Head of State and Government:
- President Jacob Zuma (2009–14 February 2018)
- President Cyril Ramaphosa (since February 14, 2018)
- Head of State and Government:
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Sudan
- Head of State: President Umar al-Bashir (1989-2019)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Bakri Hassan Saleh (2017-10 September 2018)
- Prime Minister Moutaz Mousa Abdallah (September 10, 2018-2019)
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South Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Salva Kiir Mayardit (since 2011)
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Swaziland
- Head of State: King Mswati III. (since 1986)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini ( 1996–2003 , 2008–5 September 2018)
- Prime Minister Vincent Mhlanga (September 5, 2018 - October 29, 2018)
- Prime Minister Ambrose Dlamini (since October 29, 2018)
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Tanzania
- Head of State: President John Magufuli (since 2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kassim Majaliwa (since 2015)
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Togo
- Head of State: President Faure Gnassingbé ( 2005 , since 2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Komi Sélom Klassou (since 2015)
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Chad
- Head of State: President Idriss Déby (since 1990) (also Head of Government since May 4, 2018)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Albert Pahimi Padacké (2016–4 May 2018)
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Tunisia
- Head of State: President Beji Caid Essebsi (2014-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Youssef Chahed (since 2016)
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Uganda
- Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ruhakana Rugunda (since 2014)
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Western Sahara (controversial)
- Head of State: President Brahim Ghali (since 2016) (in exile)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar (2003–4 February 2018) (in exile)
- Prime Minister Mohamed Wali Akeik (since February 4, 2018)
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Central African Republic
- Head of State: President Faustin Archange Touadéra (since 2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Simplice Sarandji (2016–2019)
America
North America
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Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
- Governor General : Julie Payette (since 2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau (since 2015)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
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Mexico
- Head of State and Government:
- President Enrique Peña Nieto (2012–30 November 2018)
- President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (since December 1, 2018)
- Head of State and Government:
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United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President Donald Trump (since 2017)
Central America
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Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
- Governor General : Rodney Williams (since 2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Gaston Browne (since 2014)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
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Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
- Governor General : Marguerite Pindling (2014–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hubert Minnis (since 2017)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
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Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
- Governor General : Philip Greaves (2017–8 January 2018) (acting)
- Governor General: Sandra Mason (since January 8, 2018)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Freundel Stuart (2010-25 May 2018)
- Prime Minister Mia Amor Mottley (since May 25, 2018)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
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Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
- Governor General : Colville Young (since 1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dean Barrow (since 2008)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
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Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government:
- President Luis Guillermo Solís (2014 - May 8, 2018)
- President Carlos Alvarado Quesada (since May 8, 2018)
- Head of State and Government:
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Dominica
- Head of State: President Charles Savarin (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit (since 2004)
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Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Danilo Medina (2012–2020)
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El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Salvador Sánchez Cerén (2014–2019)
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Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
- Governor General : Cécile La Grenade (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Keith Mitchell ( 1995–2008 , since 2013)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
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Guatemala
- Head of State or Government: President Jimmy Morales (2016-2020)
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Haiti
- Head of State: President Jovenel Moïse (since 2017)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Jack Guy Lafontant (2017-14 July 2018)
- Prime Minister Jean-Henry Céant (10 August 2018-2019)
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Honduras
- Head of State or Government: President Juan Orlando Hernández (since 2014)
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Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
- Governor General : Patrick Allen (since 2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrew Holness (since 2016)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
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Cuba
- Head of State and Head of Government:
- President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Raúl Castro (2006–19 April 2018) (provisional until 2008)
- President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Miguel Díaz-Canel (since April 19, 2018)
- Head of State and Head of Government:
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Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Daniel Ortega ( 1985–1990 , since 2007) (1979–1985 member of the government junta for national reconstruction)
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Panama
- Head of State and Government: President Juan Carlos Varela (2014–2019)
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St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
- Governor General : Samuel Weymouth Tapley Seaton (since 2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Timothy Harris (since 2015)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
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St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
- Governor General : Neville Cenac (since January 12, 2018)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Allen Chastanet (since 2016)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
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St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
- Governor General : Frederick Ballantyne (2002–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves (since 2001)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
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Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State:
- President Anthony Carmona (2013–19 March 2018)
- President Paula Mae Weekes (since March 19, 2018)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Keith Rowley (since 2015)
- Head of State:
South America
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Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Mauricio Macri (2015-2019)
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Bolivia
- Head of State or Government: President Evo Morales (2006-2019)
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Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Michel Temer (2016–31 December 2018)
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Chile
- Head of State and Government:
- President Michelle Bachelet ( 2006–2010 , 2014–2018)
- President Sebastián Piñera (since 2018)
- Head of State and Government:
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Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: President Lenín Moreno (since 2017)
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Guyana
- Head of State: President David Arthur Granger (2015-2020)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Moses Nagamootoo (2015–2020)
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Colombia
- Head of State and Government:
- President Juan Manuel Santos (2010-7 August 2018)
- President Iván Duque (since August 7, 2018)
- Head of State and Government:
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Paraguay
- Head of State and Government:
- President Horacio Cartes (2013–15 August 2018)
- President Mario Abdo Benítez (since August 15, 2018)
- Head of State and Government:
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Peru
- Head of State:
- President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (2016–22 March 2018)
- President Martín Vizcarra (since March 23, 2018)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Mercedes Aráoz (2017–2 April 2018)
- Prime Minister César Villanueva ( 2013–2014 , April 2, 2018–2019)
- Head of State:
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Suriname
- Head of State and Government: President Dési Bouterse ( 1980, 1982 , 2010-2020)
- Head of Government: Vice President Ashwin Adhin (2015–2020)
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Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Tabaré Vázquez ( 2005–2010 , 2015–2020)
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Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Nicolás Maduro (since 2013)
Asia
East, South and Southeast Asia
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Bangladesh
- Head of State: President Abdul Hamid (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hasina Wajed ( 1996–2001 , since 2009)
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Bhutan
- Head of State: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (since 2006)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay (2013–9 August 2018)
- Prime Minister Tshering Wangchuk (August 9, 2018 - November 7, 2018) ( acting )
- Prime Minister Lotay Tshering (since November 7, 2018)
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Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)
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Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State: President Tsai Ing-wen (since 2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lai Ching-te (2017-2019)
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People's Republic of China
- Head of State: President Xi Jinping (since 2013)
- Prime Minister: State Council Chairman Li Keqiang (since 2013)
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India
- Head of State: President Ram Nath Kovind (since 2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Narendra Modi (since 2014)
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Indonesia
- Head of State and Government: President Joko Widodo (since 2014)
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Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Akihito (1989-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Shinzō Abe ( 2006–2007 , since 2012)
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Cambodia
- Head of State: King Norodom Sihamoni (since 2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)
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North Korea
- De facto ruler : Kim Jong-un (since 2012)
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Kim Yŏng-nam (since 1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pak Pong-ju ( 2003–2007 , 2013–2019)
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South Korea
- Head of State: President Moon Jae-in (since 2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lee Nak-yeon (2017–2020)
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Laos
- Head of State: President Boungnang Vorachith (since 2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Thongloun Sisoulith (since 2016)
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Malaysia
- Head of State: Supreme Ruler Muhammad V (2016-2019)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Najib Razak (2009-10 May 2018)
- Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad ( 1981–2003 , May 10, 2018–2020)
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Maldives
- Head of State and Government:
- President Abdulla Yameen (2013–17 November 2018)
- President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih (since November 17, 2018)
- Head of State and Government:
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Myanmar
- Head of State:
- Head of Government: State Advisor Aung San Suu Kyi (since 2016)
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Nepal
- Head of State: President Bidhya Devi Bhandari (since 2015)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba ( 1995–1997, 2001–2002, 2004–2005 , 2017–15 February 2018)
- Prime Minister Khadga Prasad Oli ( 2015–2016 , since February 15, 2018)
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East Timor
- Head of State: President Francisco Guterres (since 2017)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Marí Bin Amude Alkatiri (2017–22 June 2018)
- Prime Minister Taur Matan Ruak (since June 22, 2018)
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Pakistan
- Head of State:
- President Mamnoon Hussain (2013–9 September 2018)
- President Arif Alvi (since September 9, 2018)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi (2017–31 May 2018)
- Prime Minister Nasirul Mulk (June 1, 2018– August 18, 2018) ( acting )
- Prime Minister Imran Khan (since August 18, 2018)
- Head of State:
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Philippines
- Head of State and Government: President Rodrigo Duterte (since 2016)
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Singapore
- Head of State: President Halimah Yacob (since 2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong (since 2004)
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Sri Lanka
- Head of State: President Maithripala Sirisena (2015-2019)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe ( 1993–1994, 2001–2004 , 2015–26 October 2018, 2018–2019 )
- Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa ( 2004–2005 , October 26, 2018– December 16, 2018, since 2019 ) (2005–2015 President)
- Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe ( 1993–1994, 2001–2004, 2015–2018 , December 16, 2018–2019)
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Thailand
- Head of State: King Maha Vajiralongkorn (since 2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha (since 2014)
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Vietnam
- Head of State:
- President Trần Đại Quang (2016 - September 21, 2018)
- President Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh (September 21 - October 23, 2018) (acting)
- President Nguyễn Phú Trọng (since October 23, 2018)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc (since 2016)
- Head of State:
Middle East
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Armenia
- Head of State:
- President Serzh Sargsyan (2008–9 April 2018) (2007–2008 and 2018 Prime Minister)
- President Armen Zarkissyan (since April 9, 2018) (Prime Minister 1996–1997)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Karen Karapetjan (2016–17 April 2018)
- Prime Minister Serzh Sargsyan (April 17 to April 23, 2018) (Prime Minister 2007–2008, President 2008–2018)
- Prime Minister Karen Karapetjan (April 23, 2018 - May 8, 2018) ( acting )
- Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan (since May 8, 2018)
- Head of State:
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Azerbaijan
- Head of State: President Ilham Aliyev (since 2003)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Artur Rasizadä ( 1996–2003 , 2003–21 April 2018)
- Prime Minister Novruz Məmmədov (since April 21, 2018)
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Arzach (not internationally recognized)
- Head of State: President Bako Sahakjan (since 2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Arajik Harutjunjan (since 2007)
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Bahrain
- Head of State: King Hamad bin Isa Al Chalifa (since 1999) (Emir until 2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)
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Georgia
- Head of State:
- President Giorgi Margwelaschwili (2013–16 December 2018)
- President Salome Zurabishvili (December 16, 2018–2019)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Giorgi Kvirikashvili (2015–13 June 2018)
- Prime Minister Mamuka Bakhtadze (since June 20, 2018)
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Abkhazia (not recognized internationally)
- Head of State: President Raul Hadschimba (2014–2020)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Beslan Bartsits (2016-25 April 2018)
- Prime Minister Gennady Gagulia (April 25, 2018 - September 8, 2018)
- Prime Minister Daur Arshaba (September 8, 2018– September 18, 2018) ( acting )
- Prime Minister Valeri Bganba (September 18, 2018–2020) ( 2014 President )
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South Ossetia (not internationally recognized)
- Head of State: President Anatoly Bibilov (since 2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Erik Puchajew (since 2017)
- Head of State:
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Iraq
- Head of State:
- President Fuad Masum (2014 - October 2, 2018)
- President Barham Salih (since October 2, 2018)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi (2014–25 October 2018)
- Prime Minister Adil Abd al-Mahdi (October 25, 2018–2020)
- Head of State:
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Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) (Prime Minister 1981–1989)
- Head of Government: President Hassan Rohani (since 2013)
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Israel
- Head of State: President Reuven Rivlin (since 2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu ( 1996–1999 , since 2009)
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Yemen
- Head of State: President Abed Rabbo Mansur Hadi (since 2012)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ahmed Obeid bin Daghr (2016–15 October 2018)
- Prime Minister Maeen Abdul Malek (since October 15, 2018)
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Jordan
- Head of State: King Abdullah II (since 1999)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Hani al-Mulki (2016–4 June 2018)
- Prime Minister Omar al-Razzaz (since June 5, 2018)
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Qatar
- Head of State: Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdullah ibn Nasser ibn Chalifa Al Thani (since 2013)
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Kuwait
- Head of State: Emir Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 2006) (2003-2006 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jabir Mubarak al-Hamad as-Sabah (2011-2019)
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Lebanon
- Head of State: President : Michel Aoun (since 2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Saad Hariri ( 2009–2011 , 2016–2020)
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Palestinian Territories
- Head of State: President Mahmud Abbas (since 2005) (Prime Minister 2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Rami Hamdallah (2013-2019) (de facto only ruled in the West Bank)
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Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Salman ibn Abd al-Aziz (since 2015)
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Syria
- Head of State: President Bashar al-Assad (since 2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Emad Chamis (2016–2020)
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Turkey
- Head of State: President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (since 2014) (since July 9, 2018 also head of government) (2003-2014 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım (2016–9 July 2018) (office abolished)
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United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Chalifa bin Zayid Al Nahyan (since 2004) (since 2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Muhammad bin Raschid Al Maktum (since 2006) (since 2006 Emir of Dubai)
Central Asia
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Afghanistan
- Head of State: President Ashraf Ghani (since 2014)
- Head of Government: Managing Director Abdullah Abdullah (since 2014)
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Kazakhstan
- Head of State: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1991-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Baqytschan Saghyntajew (2016–2019)
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Kyrgyzstan
- Head of State: President Sooronbai Dscheenbekow (since 2017) (2016-2017 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Sapar Isakov (2017–19 April 2018)
- Prime Minister Muchammedkaly Abylgaziyev (April 20, 2018–2020)
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Mongolia
- Head of State: President Chaltmaagiin Battulga (since 2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Uchnaagiin Chürelsüch (since 2017)
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Tajikistan
- Head of State: President Emomalij Rahmon (since 1992)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Qochir Rasulsoda (since 2013)
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Turkmenistan
- Head of State and Government: President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (since 2006) (acting until 2007)
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Uzbekistan
- Head of State: President Shavkat Mirziyoyev (since 2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdulla Aripov (since 2016)
Australia and Oceania
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Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
- Governor General : Peter Cosgrove (2014–2019)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull (2015–24 August 2018)
- Prime Minister Scott Morrison (since August 24, 2018)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
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Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
- Queen's Representative: Tom Marsters (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Henry Puna (since 2010)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
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Fiji
- Head of State: President George Konrote (since November 2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama (since 2007) (acting) (2000 Chairman of the Military Government)
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Kiribati
- Head of State and Government: President Taneti Mamau (since 2016)
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Marshall Islands
- Head of State and Government: President Hilda Heine (since 2016)
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Micronesia
- Head of State and Government: President Peter Christian (2015–2019)
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Nauru
- Head of State and Government: President Baron Waqa (2013-2019)
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New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
- Governor General : Patsy Reddy (since 2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern (since 2017)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
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Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
- Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Toke Talagi (since 2008)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
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Palau
- Head of State and Government: President Tommy Remengesau ( 2001–2009 , since 2013)
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Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
- Governor General : Bob Dadae (since 2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Peter O'Neill (2011-2019)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
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Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
- Governor General : Frank Kabui (2009–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Rick Houenipwela (2017-2019)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
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Samoa
- Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Vaʻaletoa Sualauvi II. (Since 2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sailele Tuilaʻepa Malielegaoi (since 1998)
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Tonga
- Head of State: King Tupou VI. (since 2012) (Prime Minister 2000–2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister ʻAkilisi Pohiva (2014-2019)
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Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
- Governor General : Iakoba Italeli (since 2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Enele Sopoaga (2013-2019)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
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Vanuatu
- Head of State: President Tallis Obed Moses (since 2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Charlot Salwai (2016–2020)
Europe
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Albania
- Head of State: President Ilir Meta (since 2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edi Rama (since 2013)
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Andorra
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Co-princes :
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President of France Emmanuel Macron (since 2017)
- Personal representative : Patrick Strozda (since 2017)
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Bishop of Urgell Joan Enric Vives i Sicília (since 2003)
- Personal representative: Josep Maria Mauri (since 2010)
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President of France Emmanuel Macron (since 2017)
- Head of Government: District President Antoni Martí Petit ( 2011–2015 , since 2015)
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Co-princes :
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Belgium
- Head of State: King Philippe (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Charles Michel (2014-2019)
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State:
- President of the State Presidency Dragan Čović ( 2003 , 2003–2004 , 2015–2016 , 2017–17 March 2018)
- President of the State Presidency Bakir Izetbegović (March 17, 2018 - November 20, 2018)
- Chairman of the State Presidium Milorad Dodik (November 20, 2018–2019)
- State Presidency:
- Bosniaks:
- Bakir Izetbegović (2010-20 November 2018)
- Šefik Džaferović (since November 20, 2018)
- Croatians:
- Dragan Čović ( 2002–2005 , 2014–20 November 2018)
- Željko Komšić ( 2006-2014 , since November 20, 2018)
- Serbs:
- Mladen Ivanić (2014–20 November 2018) (Serbs)
- Milorad Dodik (since November 20, 2018) (Serbs)
- Bosniaks:
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Denis Zvizdić (2015-2019)
- Head of State:
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Bulgaria
- Head of State: President Rumen Radew (since 2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Boyko Borissow ( 2009–2013, 2014–2017 , since 2017)
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Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen ( 2009–2011 , 2015–2019)
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Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
- Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsfrau Lene Moyell Johansen (since 2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Aksel V. Johannesen (2015–2019)
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Greenland (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
- Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsfrau Mikaela Engell (since 2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kim Kielsen (since 2014)
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Germany
- Head of State: Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier (since 2017)
- Head of Government: Chancellor Angela Merkel (since 2005)
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Estonia
- Head of State: President Kersti Kaljulaid (since 2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jüri Ratas (since 2016)
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Finland
- Head of State: President Sauli Niinistö (since 2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Juha Sipilä (2015-2019)
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France
- Head of State: President Emmanuel Macron (since 2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Édouard Philippe (2017-2020)
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Greece
- Head of State: President Prokopis Pavlopoulos (2015-2020)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras ( 2015 , 2015–2019)
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Ireland
- Head of State: President Michael D. Higgins (since 2011)
- Head of Government: Taoiseach Leo Varadkar (2017–2020)
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Iceland
- Head of State: President Guðni Th. Jóhannesson (since 2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir (since 2017)
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Italy
- Head of State: President Sergio Mattarella (since 2015)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni (2016–1 June 2018)
- Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte (since June 1, 2018)
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Channel Islands
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guernsey
- Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
- Lieutenant Governor: Ian Corder (since 2016)
- Head of Government: Chief Minister Jonathan Le Tocq (since 2014)
- Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
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jersey
- Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
- Lieutenant Governor: Stephen Dalton (since 2017)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ian Gorst (2011–4 June 2018)
- Prime Minister John Le Fondré (since June 4, 2018)
- Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
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guernsey
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Kosovo (independent since 2008, internationally recognized by 114 of a total of 193 United Nations member states )
- Head of State: President Hashim Thaçi (since 2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ramush Haradinaj (2017–2020)
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Croatia
- Head of State: President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović (2015–2020)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrej Plenković (since 2016)
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Latvia
- Head of State: President Raimonds Vējonis (2015-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Māris Kučinskis (2016-2019)
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Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
- Regent: Hereditary Prince Alois (since 2004)
- Head of Government : Adrian Hasler (since 2013)
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
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Lithuania
- Head of State: President Dalia Grybauskaitė (2009-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Saulius Skvernelis (since 2016)
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Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Henri (since 2000) (1998–2000 regent)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Xavier Bettel (since 2013)
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Malta
- Head of State: President Marie Louise Coleiro Preca (2014–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Joseph Muscat (2013-2020)
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Isle of Man
- Head of State: Lord of Mann Elizabeth II (since 1952)
- Lieutenant Governor : Richard Gozney (since 2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Howard Quayle (since 2016)
- Head of State: Lord of Mann Elizabeth II (since 1952)
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Macedonia
- Head of State: President Gjorge Ivanov (2009-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Zoran Zaev (2017–2020)
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Moldova
- Head of State: President Igor Dodon (since 2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pavel Filip (2016–2019)
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Transnistria (not internationally recognized)
- Head of State: President Vadim Krasnoselski (since 2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Alexander Martynov (since 2016)
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Monaco
- Head of State: Prince : Albert II (since 2005)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Serge Telle (since 2016)
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Montenegro
- Head of State:
- President Filip Vujanović ( 2002–2003 , 2003–2018) (1998–2003 Prime Minister)
- President Milo Đukanović (since May 20, 2018)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Duško Marković (since 2016)
- Head of State:
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Netherlands
- Head of State: King Willem-Alexander (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mark Rutte (since 2010)
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Norway
- Head of State: King Harald V (since 1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Erna Solberg (since 2013)
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Austria
- Head of State: Federal President Alexander Van der Bellen (since 2017)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Sebastian Kurz (2017-2019, since 2020 )
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Poland
- Head of State: President Andrzej Duda (since 2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki (since 2017)
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Portugal
- Head of State: President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (since 2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister António Costa (since 2015)
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Romania
- Head of State: President Klaus Johannis (since 2014)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Mihai Tudose (2017–16 January 2018)
- Prime Minister Mihai Fifor (January 16, 2018– January 29, 2018) ( acting )
- Prime Minister Viorica Dăncilă (January 29, 2018-2019)
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Russia
- Head of State: President Vladimir Putin ( 1999–2008 , since 2012) (1999–2000, 2008–2012 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev (2012–2020) (2008–2012 President)
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San Marino
- Heads of State: Capitani Reggenti :
- Matteo Fiorini (2017–1 April 2018) and Enrico Carattoni ( 2011–2012 , 2017–1 April 2018)
- Stefano Palmieri ( 2009–2010 , April 1, 2018– October 1, 2018) and Matteo Ciacci (April 1, 2018– October 1, 2018)
- Mirko Tomassoni ( 2007–2008 , October 1, 2018–2019) and Luca Santolini (October 1, 2018–2019)
- Head of Government: Foreign Minister Nicola Renzi (since 2016) (2015-2016 Capitano Reggente)
- Heads of State: Capitani Reggenti :
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Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Stefan Löfven (since 2014)
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Switzerland
- Federal President Alain Berset (since January 1, 2018)
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Federal Council :
- Doris Leuthard (since 2006)
- Ueli Maurer (since 2009)
- Johann Schneider-Ammann (since 2010)
- Simonetta Sommaruga (since 2010)
- Alain Berset (since 2012)
- Guy Parmelin (since 2016)
- Ignazio Cassis (since 2017)
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Serbia
- Head of State: President Aleksandar Vučić (since 2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ana Brnabić (since 2017)
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Slovakia
- Head of State: President Andrej Kiska (2014-2019)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Robert Fico ( 2006-2010 , 2012-15 March 2018)
- Prime Minister Peter Pellegrini (March 15, 2018–2020)
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Slovenia
- Head of State: President Borut Pahor (since 2012) (Prime Minister 2008–2012)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Miro Cerar (2014–17 August 2018)
- Prime Minister Marjan Šarec (August 17, 2018–2020)
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Spain
- Head of State: King Philip VI. (since 2014)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy (2011–1 June 2018)
- Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez (since June 1, 2018)
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Czech Republic
- Head of State: President Miloš Zeman (since 2013) (Prime Minister 1998–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrej Babiš (since 2017)
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Ukraine
- Head of State: President Petro Poroshenko (2014-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Volodymyr Hroysman (2016-2019)
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Hungary
- Head of State: President János Áder (since 2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Viktor Orbán ( 1998–2002 , since 2010)
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Vatican city
- Head of State: Pope Francis (since 2013)
- Head of Government: President of the Governorate Giuseppe Bertello (since 2011)
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United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Theresa May (2016-2019)
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Belarus
- Head of State: President Aljaksandr Lukashenka (since 1994)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Andrej Kabjakou (2014–18 August 2018)
- Prime Minister Sjarhej Rumas (since August 18, 2018)
-
Republic of Cyprus
- Head of State and Government: President Nikos Anastasiadis (since 2013)
-
Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)
- Head of State: President Mustafa Akıncı (since 2015)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Hüseyin Özgürgün (2016–2 February 2018)
- Prime Minister Tufan Erhürman (February 2, 2018–2019)