Emmerson Mnangagwa

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Emmerson Mnangagwa (2019)

Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa [ mnaˈᵑɡaɡwa ] (born September 15, 1942 or 1946 in Shabani , Southern Rhodesia ) is a Zimbabwean politician ( ZANU-PF ). He has been President of Zimbabwe since November 24, 2017 , after long-time President and dictator Robert Mugabe , with whom he stood for decades, was indirectly overthrown by him.

He fought against the minority government under Ian Smith from the 1960s and was minister in various departments under Mugabe from 1980 to 2013. From 2014 to the beginning of November 2017 he was Vice President (officially: First Vice-President , "First Vice President") of his country.

Since November 19, 2017, Mnangagwa has been Mugabe's successor as chairman of the ruling party ZANU-PF. In the 2018 presidential election , he ran as the top candidate for ZANU-PF and prevailed in the first ballot.

Life

Until Zimbabwe gained independence

Mnangagwa's parents were Mhurai and Mafidhi Mnangagwa. His grandfather was a traditional leader, his father Mafidhi had fought against colonial laws that discriminated against blacks. As a child he moved with his parents to Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia ), where he lived for a long time. Mnangagwa was active early on in the political resistance against British colonial rule in northern and southern Rhodesia and later against the minority government under Ian Smith , which was in office from 1963 . He began training at Hodgson Technical College . Mnangagwa was a member of the anti-colonial United National Independence Party (UNIP) and therefore had to leave college in 1960. In 1962 he moved to Southern Rhodesia and joined the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), which he left again in 1963 to join the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), to which the later Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe also belonged. Among other things, Mnangagwa completed military training in Egypt . He was arrested and released on Mugabe's initiative. He ended up in what was then Tanganyika in a FRELIMO camp in Bagamoyo . At Peking University he received political and military training again until May 1964. Then he was active in Rhodesia as a fighter in the guerrilla war . During this time he acquired the nickname Garwe or Ngwena (both means "crocodile"). He was arrested in 1965 in Highfield - now part of Harare - and sentenced to death and later to ten years imprisonment for violating the Law and Order Maintenance Act - he admitted to having blown up a locomotive. At times he shared a cell with Mugabe. During his imprisonment he made up his school leaving certificate, completed a distance learning course and obtained a Bachelor of Laws from the University of London in 1972 . In 1973 he studied law again at the University of Zambia in Lusaka , where he obtained another LL.B. Degree and then practiced as a lawyer in Zambia. In 1977 he was elected Mugabe's personal assistant at the ZANU party congress. In 1979 he took part in the talks on the Lancaster House Agreement on the future of what was then Rhodesia in this capacity .

1980 to the 2018 presidential election

After independence, Mnangagwa was State Security Minister under Robert Mugabe (1980–1988) and thus responsible for the secret service. He was one of the authors of the Gukurahundi operation, in which around 20,000 opposition members, mostly Ndebele , are said to have been killed after 1980 . He was Minister of Justice (1988 to 2000 and 2013 to 2017), Minister for Rural Housing and Social Improvement (2005 to 2009) and Minister of Defense (2009 to 2013). During the Second Congo War, from 1998 onwards, he was a member of the management of the Osleg company (short for Operation Sovereign Legitimacy ), which was allowed to exploit diamond mines in the Congolese province of Kasaï . In 2002, a United Nations commission of inquiry recommended sanctions against Mnangagwa. In the parliamentary elections in 2000 he had already lost the constituency of Kwekwe Central to the candidate of the opposition party Movement for Democratic Change ; however, he was appointed by Mugabe as MP and elected Speaker of the House of Assembly . In 2008 he was responsible for running the presidential election, which Mugabe lost in the first round. After facing threats and harassment, Morgan Tsvangirai gave up and Mugabe was re-elected. In 2014, Mnangagwa became Vice President of Zimbabwe in place of the sacked Joice Mujuru .

He was next to Grace Mugabe as a possible successor in the presidency before he fell out with her in early October 2017. On October 10, he was transferred to the Ministry of Tourism as a minister from the Ministry of Justice . He was finally released on November 6th for treason and fled to South Africa or China . However, the Zimbabwean military favored him as his successor. On November 15, 2017, there was a military coup . On November 19, he was appointed as the successor to the previously deposed Robert Mugabe at the head of the ruling party. On November 22nd, he returned to Harare from South Africa. On the same evening he promised his supporters new jobs in a "new democracy". He said that he wanted to serve as president by the regular election date in September 2018.

Mnangagwa was sworn in as President on November 24, 2017. In his first speech as head of state, he solicited foreign investment and promised to fight corruption . He also promised financial compensation for the white farmers dispossessed in the early 2000s. He urged the Zimbabweans to "go back to work".

In June 2018, Emmerson Mnangagwa survived an attack in Bulawayo unharmed when a hand grenade exploded near him after a campaign speech. 47 people, including Vice President Kembo Mohadi and ZANU-PF Chairwoman Oppah Muchinguri-Kashiri , were injured and two people died.

In the presidential election in July 2018 , he ran as the top candidate for ZANU-PF and won the first ballot with 50.8% of the votes cast. His most promising opponent, opposition leader Nelson Chamisa , received only 44.3% of the vote.

Presidency since 2018

In January 2019, police put an end to demonstrations by using firearms after they broke up as a result of a doubling in gasoline prices ordered by Mnangagwa.

Private

Mnangagwa is Shona and belongs to the Karanga group. He is third married to Auxilia Mnangagwa , who was also a ZANU-PF MP in the House of Assembly . The couple has three children. Mnangagwa has six more children from previous marriages. He is said to be one of the richest Zimbabweans.

Web links

Commons : Emmerson Mnangagwa  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Mnangagwa: Zimbabwe's leader in waiting? news24.com from November 15, 2017 (English), accessed on November 18, 2017
  2. ↑ a b Mnangagwa the biggest winner. theindependent.co.zw of December 12, 2014 (English), accessed November 18, 2017
  3. ↑ The "crocodile" smiles - and lets fire. Retrieved September 7, 2019 .
  4. ↑ In power forever and ever. Retrieved September 7, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Sacked Zimbabwe VP in exile, vows to defy Mugabe. News24, November 8, 2017.
  6. ↑ End of an era: Zimbabwe's ruling party overthrows Mugabe . In: Spiegel Online . November 19, 2017 ( spiegel.de [accessed November 19, 2017]).
  7. ^ Zimbabwe's zero hour after Mugabe . In: news.ORF.at . July 30, 2018 ( orf.at [accessed July 30, 2018]).
  8. ↑ a b Neue Zürcher Zeitung : Mugabe's companion promises a fresh start for Zimbabwe after the election victory , August 3, 2018.
  9. ^ A b Profiles: Emmerson Mnangagwa. chronicle.co.zw of December 11, 2014 (English), accessed November 17, 2017
  10. ↑ a b c d e Emmerson Mnangagwa: the man who inherits Mugabe? dw.com on November 16, 2017, accessed on November 17, 2017
  11. ↑ Mnangagwa: Zimbabwe's leader in waiting? news24.com of November 15, 2017 (English), accessed November 26, 2017
  12. ↑ Owen Gagare: Military bosses want Lancaster House attendee as Mugabe's successor. zimbabwesituation.com from August 19, 2014 (English), accessed on November 17, 2017
  13. ↑ Emmerson Mnangagwa | Who's Who SA. Retrieved June 7, 2018 .
  14. ^ David Blair: Man they called 'the Crocodile' is Robert Mugabe's favored successor. The Telegraph, December 10, 2014, accessed June 7, 2018
  15. ↑ a b Mnangagwa named vice-president as rumors grow over Mugabe's successor. The Guardian, December 10, 2014, accessed November 17, 2017
  16. ↑ Dominic Johnson : Who is the crocodile? taz.de from November 17, 2017, accessed on November 18, 2017
  17. ↑ a b Emmerson Mnangagwa: the 'crocodile' who snapped back. bbc.com of November 22, 2017 (English), accessed November 22, 2017
  18. ↑ Frank Chikowore: Emmerson Mnangagwa and the race to replace Robert Mugabe. theafricareport.com of February 3, 2015 (English), accessed November 26, 2017
  19. ^ Zimbabwe VP Mnangagwa told to prepare for the worst. News24, October 10, 2017.
  20. ↑ Emmerson Mnangagwa calls for Robert Mugabe to resign. spiegel.de from November 20, 2017, accessed on November 21, 2017
  21. ^ Former Zimbabwe VC Mnangagwa begins exile in China after Mugabe accused him of witchcraft. zambianobserver.com of November 8, 2017 (English), accessed November 17, 2017
  22. ↑ Deposition as President initiated . ORF, November 19, 2017, accessed on the same day.
  23. ^ Zimbabwe's Mnangagwa promises jobs in 'new democracy'. bbc.com of November 22, 2017 (English), accessed November 22, 2017
  24. ↑ Mnangagwa sworn in as Zimbabwe's new head of state. spiegel.de from November 24, 2017, accessed on November 24, 2017
  25. ↑ Emmerson Mnangagwa delivers first speech as President. spiegel.de from November 24, 2017, accessed on November 24, 2017
  26. ^ Mnangagwa says grenade caused blast at rally last week. ewn.co.za, June 29, 2018, accessed June 29, 2018
  27. ^ Zimbabwe's zero hour after Mugabe . In: news.ORF.at . July 30, 2018 ( orf.at [accessed July 30, 2018]).
  28. ↑ The "crocodile" smiles - and lets fire. Retrieved September 7, 2019 .
  29. ↑ Mnangagwa's wife flees Zimbabwe. zimnews.net of November 13, 2017 (English), accessed on November 17, 2017
personal data
SURNAME Mnangagwa, Emmerson
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mnangagwa, Emmerson Dambudzo (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Zimbabwean politician
DATE OF BIRTH September 15, 1942 or 1946
PLACE OF BIRTH Shabani , Southern Rhodesia