List of Heads of State 2016

Overview
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Africa

Egypt
- Head of State: President Abd al-Fattah as-Sisi (since 2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sherif Ismail (2015-2018)

Algeria
- Head of State: President Abd al-Aziz Bouteflika (1999-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal ( 2012–2014 , 2014–2017)

Angola
- Head of State and Government: President José Eduardo dos Santos (1979–2017)

Equatorial Guinea
- Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Vicente Ehate Tomi (2012–23 June 2016)
  - Prime Minister Francisco Pascual Obama Asue (since June 23, 2016)

Ethiopia
- Head of State: President Mulatu Teschome (2013-2018)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn (2012-2018)

Benin
- Head of State:
  - President Boni Yayi (2006–6 April 2016)
  - President Patrice Talon (since April 6, 2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lionel Zinsou (2015–6 April 2016)

Botswana
- Head of State or Government: President Ian Khama (2008-2018)

Burkina Faso

Head of State: President Roch Marc Kaboré (since 2015) (1994–1996 Prime Minister)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Isaac Zida ( 2014–2015 , 2015–7 January 2016) ( Acting ) (2014 President)

Prime Minister Paul Kaba Thieba (January 7, 2016–2019)

Burundi
- Head of State and Government: President Pierre Nkurunziza (2005–2020)

Djibouti
- Head of State: President Ismail Omar Guelleh (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed (since 2013)

Ivory Coast
- Head of State: President Alassane Ouattara (since 2010) (Prime Minister 1990–1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Daniel Kablan Duncan ( 1993–1999 , 2012–2017)

Eritrea
- Head of State and Government: President Isayas Afewerki (since 1993)

Gabon
- Head of State: President Ali-Ben Bongo Ondimba (since 2009)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Daniel Ona Ondo (2014–29 September 2016)
  - Prime Minister Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet (September 29, 2016-2019)

Gambia
- Head of State and Government: President Yahya Jammeh (1994–2017) (until 1996 Chairman of the Provisional Government Council of the Army)

Ghana
- Head of State or Government: President John Dramani Mahama (2012-2017)

Guinea
- Head of State: President Alpha Condé (since 2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mamady Youla (2015-2018)

Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State: President José Mário Vaz (2014–2020)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Carlos Correia ( 1991–1994, 1997–1998, 2008–2009 , 2015–27 May 2016)
  - Prime Minister Baciro Djá ( 2015 , May 27, 2016– November 18, 2016)
  - Prime Minister Umaro Sissoco Embaló (November 18, 2016–2018)

Cameroon
- Head of State: President Paul Biya (since 1982)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Philémon Yang (2009-2019)

Cape Verde
- Head of State: President Jorge Carlos Fonseca (since 2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister José Maria Neves (2001-22 April 2016)
  - Prime Minister Ulisses Correia e Silva (since April 22, 2016)

Kenya
- Head of State or Government: President Uhuru Kenyatta (since 2013)

Comoros
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Ikililou Dhoinine (2011–25 May 2016)
  - President Azali Assoumani ( 1999-2006 , since May 26, 2016)

Democratic Republic of the Congo (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1971–1997 Zaïre )
- Head of State: President Joseph Kabila (2001-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Augustin Matata Ponyo (2012–17 November 2016)
  - Prime Minister Samy Badibanga (November 17, 2016–2017)

Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; 1970–1992 People's Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State and Government: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso ( 1979–1992 , since 1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Clément Mouamba (since April 23, 2016)

Lesotho
- Head of State: King Letsie III. ( 1990–1995 , since 1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bethuel Pakalitha Mosisili ( 1998–2012 , 2015–2017)

Liberia
- Head of State or Government: President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (2006–2018)

Libya
- Head of State: President of the Council of Representatives Aguila Saleh Issa (since 2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdullah Thenni (since 2014)

Madagascar
- Head of State: President Hery Rajaonarimampianina (2014-2018)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jean Ravelonarivo (2015-13 April 2016)
  - Prime Minister Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana (April 13, 2016–2018)

Malawi
- Head of State and Government: President Peter Mutharika (2014–2020)

Mali
- Head of State: President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta (2013-2020)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Modibo Keïta ( 2002, 2015-2017)

Morocco
- Head of State: King Mohammed VI. (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane (2011-2017)

Mauritania
- Head of State: President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz ( 2008–2009 , 2009–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Yahya Ould Hademine (2014-2018)

Mauritius

Head of State: President Ameenah Gurib (2015-2018)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth ( 1982–1995 , 2000–2003 , 2014–2017)

Mozambique
- Head of State: President Filipe Nyusi (since 2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Carlos Agostinho do Rosário (since 2015)

Namibia
- Head of State: President Hage Geingob (since 2015) (1990–2002, 2012–2015 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Saara Kuugongelwa-Amadhila (since 2015)

Niger
- Head of State: President Mahamadou Issoufou (since 2011) (1993–1994 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Brigi Rafini (since 2011)

Nigeria
- Head of State and Government: President Muhammadu Buhari ( 1983–1985 , since 2015)

Rwanda

Head of State: President Paul Kagame (since 2000)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Anastase Murekezi (2014-2017)

Zambia
- Head of State and Government: President Edgar Lungu (since 2015)

Sao Tome and Principe

Head of State:

President Manuel Pinto da Costa ( 1975–1991 , 2011–3 September 2016)

President Evaristo Carvalho (since September 3, 2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Patrice Trovoada ( 2008 , 2010–2012 , 2014–2018)

Senegal
- Head of State: President Macky Sall (since 2012) (Prime Minister 2004–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Ben Abdallah Dionne (since 2014)

Seychelles
- Head of State and Government:
  - President James Alix Michel (2004– October 16, 2016)
  - President Danny Faure (since October 16, 2016)

Sierra Leone
- Head of State and Government: President Ernest Koroma (2007-2018)

Zimbabwe
- Head of State: President Robert Mugabe (1987–2017) (1980–1987 Prime Minister)

Somalia
- Head of State: President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud (2012-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke ( 2009–2010 , 2014–2017)

South Africa
- Head of State and Government: President Jacob Zuma (2009–2018)

Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Umar al-Bashir (1989–2019)

South Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Salva Kiir Mayardit (since 2011)

Swaziland

Head of State: King Mswati III. (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini ( 1996–2003 , 2008–2018)

Tanzania
- Head of State: President John Magufuli (since 2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kassim Majaliwa (since 2015)

Togo
- Head of State: President Faure Gnassingbé ( 2005 , since 2005)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Komi Sélom Klassou (since 2015)

Chad
- Head of State: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Kalzeubé Pahimi Deubet (2013–15 February 2016)
  - Prime Minister Albert Pahimi Padacké (February 15, 2016–2018)

Tunisia
- Head of State: President Beji Caid Essebsi (2014-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Habib Essid (2015–26 August 2016)
  - Prime Minister Youssef Chahed (since August 27, 2016)

Uganda
- Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ruhakana Rugunda (since 2014)

Western Sahara (controversial)
- Head of State:
  - President Mohamed Abdelaziz (1982–31 May 2016) (in exile)
  - President Khatri Addouh (May 31, 2016 - July 9, 2016) (acting) (in exile)
  - President Brahim Ghali (since July 9, 2016) (in exile)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar (2003–2018) (in exile)

Central African Republic
- Head of State :
  - President Catherine Samba-Panza (2014–30 March 2016)
  - President Faustin Archange Touadéra (since March 30, 2016)
- Head of Government :
  - Prime Minister Mahamat Kamoun (2014–2 April 2016)
  - Prime Minister Simplice Sarandji (April 2, 2016–2019)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : David Johnston (2010-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau (since 2015)

Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Enrique Peña Nieto (2012–2018)

United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President Barack Obama (2009-2017)

Central America

Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Rodney Williams (since 2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Gaston Browne (since 2014)

Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
  - Governor General : Marguerite Pindling (2014–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Perry Christie ( 2002-2007 , 2012-2017)

Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
  - Governor General : Elliot Belgrave ( 2011–2012 , 2012–2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Freundel Stuart (2010-2018)

Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Colville Young (since 1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dean Barrow (since 2008)

Costa Rica
- Head of State or Government: President Luis Guillermo Solís (2014-2018)

Dominica
- Head of State: President Charles Savarin (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit (since 2004)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Danilo Medina (2012–2020)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Salvador Sánchez Cerén (2014–2019)

Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Governor General : Cécile La Grenade (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Keith Mitchell ( 1995–2008 , since 2013)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Alejandro Maldonado Aguirre (2015–14 January 2016)
  - President Jimmy Morales (January 14, 2016-2020)

Haiti
- Head of State:
  - President Michel Martelly (2011–7 February 2016)
  - President Jocelerme Privert (February 14, 2016–2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Evans Paul (2015–26 February 2016)
  - Prime Minister Fritz Jean (February 26, 2016– March 25, 2016)
  - Prime Minister Enex Jean-Charles (March 25, 2016-2017)
Honduras
- Head of State or Government: President Juan Orlando Hernández (since 2014)

Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
  - Governor General : Patrick Allen (since 2009)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller ( 2006–2007 , 2012–3 March 2016)
  - Prime Minister Andrew Holness (since March 3, 2016)

Cuba
Head of State and Head of Government: President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Raúl Castro (2006-2018) (provisional until 2008)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Daniel Ortega ( 1985–1990 , since 2007) (1979–1985 member of the government junta for national reconstruction)

Panama
- Head of State and Government: President Juan Carlos Varela (2014–2019)

St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
  - Governor General : Samuel Weymouth Tapley Seaton (since 2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Timothy Harris (since 2015)

St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Dame Pearlette Louisy (1997-2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Kenneth Anthony ( 1997-2006 , 2011-7 June 2016)
  - Prime Minister Allen Chastanet (since June 7, 2016)

St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Frederick Ballantyne (2002–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves (since 2001)

Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State: President Anthony Carmona (2013-2018)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Keith Rowley (since 2015)

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Mauricio Macri (2015-2019)

Bolivia
- Head of State or Government: President Evo Morales (2006-2019)

Brazil
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Dilma Rousseff (since 2011–31 August 2016)
  - President Michel Temer (August 31, 2016–2018)

Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Michelle Bachelet ( 2006–2010 , 2014–2018)

Ecuador
- Head of State or Government: President Rafael Correa (2007-2017)

Guyana
- Head of State: President David Arthur Granger (2015-2020)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Moses Nagamootoo (2015–2020)

Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Juan Manuel Santos (2010-2018)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Horacio Cartes (2013-2018)

Peru
- Head of State:
  - President Ollanta Humala (2011–28 July 2016)
  - President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (July 28, 2016–2018)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Pedro Cateriano (2015–28 July 2016, since 2020 )
  - Prime Minister Fernando Zavala (July 28, 2016–2017)

Suriname
- Head of State and Government: President Desi Bouterse ( 1980, 1982 , 2010-2020)
- Head of Government: Vice President Ashwin Adhin (2015–2020)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Tabaré Vázquez ( 2005–2010 , 2015–2020)

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Nicolás Maduro (since 2013)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bangladesh
- Head of State: President Abdul Hamid (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hasina Wajed ( 1996–2001 , since 2009)

Bhutan
- Head of State: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (since 2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay (2013-2018)

Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)

Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State:
  - President Ma Ying-jeou (2008–19 May 2016)
  - President Tsai Ing-wen (since May 20, 2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mao Chi-kuo (2014–18 January 2016)
  - Prime Minister Chang San-cheng (January 18, 2016– May 20, 2016) ( provisional until February 1, 2016 )
  - Prime Minister Lin Chuan (May 20, 2016-2017)

People's Republic of China
- Head of State: President Xi Jinping (since 2013)
- Prime Minister: State Council Chairman Li Keqiang (since 2013)

India
- Head of State: President Pranab Mukherjee (since 2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Narendra Modi (since 2014)

Indonesia
- Head of State and Government: President Joko Widodo (since 2014)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Akihito (1989-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Shinzō Abe ( 2006–2007 , since 2012)

Cambodia
- Head of State: King Norodom Sihamoni (since 2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)

North Korea
- De facto ruler : Kim Jong-un (since 2012)
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Kim Yŏng-nam (since 1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pak Pong-ju ( 2003–2007 , 2013–2019)

South Korea
- Head of State:
  - President Park Geun-hye (2013–2017) (suspended since December 9, 2016)
  - Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn (December 9, 2016–2017) (acting)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn (2015-2017)

Laos
- Head of State:
  - President Choummaly Sayasone (2006-20 April 2016)
  - President Boungnang Vorachith (since April 20, 2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Thongsing Thammavong (2010-20 April 2016)
  - Prime Minister Thongloun Sisoulith (since April 20, 2016)

Malaysia
- Head of State:
  - Supreme Ruler Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah (2011-12 December 2016)
  - Supreme Ruler Muhammad V (December 13, 2016–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Najib Razak (2009-2018)

Maldives
- Head of State or Government: President Abdulla Yameen (2013-2018)

Myanmar
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Thein Sein (2011–30 March 2016) (2007–2011 Prime Minister)
  - President Htin Kyaw (March 30, 2016–2018)
- Head of Government: State Advisor Aung San Suu Kyi (since April 6, 2016)

Nepal
- Head of State: President Bidhya Devi Bhandari (since 2015)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Khadga Prasad Oli (2015–4 August 2016, since 2018 )
  - Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal ( 2008–2009 , August 4, 2016–2017)

East Timor
- Head of State: President Taur Matan Ruak (2012-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Rui Maria de Araújo (2015-2017)

Pakistan
- Head of State: President Mamnoon Hussain (2013-2018)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif ( 1990–1993, 1993, 1997–1999 , 2013–2017)

Philippines
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Benigno Aquino III. (2010–30 June 2016)
  - President Rodrigo Duterte (since June 30, 2016)

Singapore
- Head of State: President Tony Tan Keng Yam (2011-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong (since 2004)

Sri Lanka
- Head of State: President Maithripala Sirisena (2015-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe ( 1993–1994, 2001–2004 , 2015–2018, 2018–2019 )

Thailand

Head of State:

King Rama IX Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-13 October 2016)

President of the Prem Tinsulanonda Privy Council ( acting , October 13, 2016– December 1, 2016)

King Maha Vajiralongkorn (since December 1, 2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha (since 2014)

Vietnam
- Head of State:
  - President Trương Tấn Sang (2011–2 April 2016)
  - President Trần Đại Quang (April 2, 2016–2018)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng (2006–7 April 2016)
  - Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc (since April 7, 2016)

Middle East

Armenia
- Head of State: President Serzh Sargsyan (2008–2018) (2007–2008 and 2018 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Howik Abrahamjan (2014–13 September 2016)
  - Prime Minister Karen Karapetjan (September 13, 2016–2018)

Azerbaijan
- Head of State: President Ilham Aliyev (since 2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Artur Rasizadä ( 1996–2003 , 2003–2018)

Bahrain
- Head of State: King Hamad bin Isa Al Chalifa (since 1999) (Emir until 2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

Georgia

Head of State: President Giorgi Margwelaschwili (2013-2018)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Giorgi Kvirikashvili (2015-2018)

Abkhazia (not recognized internationally)

Head of State: President Raul Hadschimba (2014–2020)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Artur Mikvabia (2015–26 July 2016)

Prime Minister Shamil Adzynba (July 26, 2016– August 5, 2016) ( acting )

Prime Minister Beslan Bartsis (August 5, 2016-2018)

South Ossetia (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Leonid Tibilow (2012-2017)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Domenti Kulumbegow (2014-2017)

Iraq
- Head of State: President Fuad Masum (2014-2018)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi (2014-2018)

Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) (Prime Minister 1981–1989)
- Head of Government: President Hassan Rohani (since 2013)

Israel
- Head of State: President Reuven Rivlin (since 2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu ( 1996–1999 , since 2009)

Yemen
- Head of State: President Abed Rabbo Mansur Hadi (since 2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Chalid Bahah (2014–3 April 2016)
  - Prime Minister Ahmed Obeid bin Daghr (April 4, 2016–2018)

Jordan
- Head of State: King Abdullah II (since 1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Abdullah Ensour (2012–29 May 2016)
  - Prime Minister Hani al-Mulki (May 29, 2016-2018)

Qatar
- Head of State: Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdullah bin Nasser bin Chalifa Al Thani (since 2013)

Kuwait

Head of State: Emir Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 2006) (2003-2006 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Jabir Mubarak al-Hamad as-Sabah (2011-2019)

Lebanon
- Head of State:
  - vacant (2014–31 October 2016)
  - President : Michel Aoun (since October 31, 2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Tammam Salam (2014–20 December 2016)
  - Prime Minister Saad Hariri ( 2009–2011 , December 20, 2016–2020)

Oman
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Qaboos ibn Said (1970–2020)

Palestinian Territories

Head of State: President Mahmud Abbas (since 2005) (Prime Minister 2003)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Rami Hamdallah (2013-2019) (de facto only ruled in the West Bank)

Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Salman ibn Abd al-Aziz (since 2015)

Syria
- Head of State: President Bashar al-Assad (since 2000)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Wael al-Halki (2012–22 June 2016)
  - Prime Minister Emad Chamis (June 22, 2016–2020)

Turkey
- Head of State: President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (since 2014) (2003-2014 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu (2014–24 May 2016)
  - Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım (since May 24, 2016)

United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Chalifa bin Zayid Al Nahyan (since 2004) (since 2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Muhammad bin Raschid Al Maktum (since 2006) (since 2006 Emir of Dubai)

Central Asia

Afghanistan
- Head of State: President Ashraf Ghani (since 2014)
- Head of Government: Managing Director Abdullah Abdullah (since 2014)

Kazakhstan

Head of State: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1991-2019)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Kärim Mässimow ( 2007–2012 , 2014–8 September 2016)

Prime Minister Baqytschan Saghyntajew (September 8, 2016–2019)

Kyrgyzstan
- Head of State: President Almasbek Atambayev (2011–2017) (2007, 2010–2011 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Temir Sarijew (2015-13 April 2016)
  - Prime Minister Sooronbai Dscheenbekow (since April 13, 2016–2017) (President since 2017)

Mongolia
- Head of State: President Tsachiagiin Elbegdordsch (2009–2017) (1998, 2004–2006 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Tschimediin Saichanbileg (2014–7 July 2016)
  - Prime Minister Dschargaltulgyn Erdenebat (since July 7, 2016)

Tajikistan

Head of State: President Emomalij Rahmon (since 1992)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Qochir Rasulsoda (since 2013)

Turkmenistan
- Head of State and Government: President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (since 2006) (acting until 2007)

Uzbekistan
- Head of State:
  - President Islom Karimov (1991–2 September 2016)
  - President Shavkat Mirziyoyev (since September 8, 2016, until December 14, acting )
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Shavkat Mirziyoyev (2003–14 December 2016)
  - Prime Minister Abdulla Aripov (since December 14, 2016)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Peter Cosgrove (2014–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull (2015-2018)

Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
  - Queen's Representative: Tom Marsters (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Henry Puna (since 2010)

Fiji
- Head of State: President George Konrote (since November 2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama (since 2007) (acting) (2000 Chairman of the Military Government)

Kiribati
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Anote Tong (2003–11 March 2016)
  - President Taneti Mamau (since March 11, 2016)

Marshall Islands
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Christopher Loeak (2012–11 January 2016)
  - President Casten Nemra (January 11, 2016– January 28, 2016)
  - President Hilda Heine (since January 28, 2016)

Micronesia
- Head of State and Government: President Peter Christian (2015–2019)

Nauru
- Head of State and Government: President Baron Waqa (2013-2019)

New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Jerry Mateparae (2011–31 August 2016)
  - Governor General: Patsy Reddy (since September 28, 2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister John Key (2008-12 December 2016)
  - Prime Minister Bill English (December 12, 2016-2017)

Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Toke Talagi (since 2008)

Palau
- Head of State and Government: President Tommy Remengesau ( 2001–2009 , since 2013)

Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
  - Governor General : Michael Ogio (2010–2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Peter O'Neill (2011-2019)

Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Frank Kabui (2009–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare ( 2000–2001, 2006–2007 , 2014–2017, since 2019 )

Samoa

Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tupuola Taisi Tufuga Efi (2007–2017) (Prime Minister 1976–1982)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sailele Tuilaʻepa Malielegaoi (since 1998)

Tonga
- Head of State: King Tupou VI. (since 2012) (Prime Minister 2000–2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister ʻAkilisi Pohiva (2014-2019)

Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Iakoba Italeli (since 2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Enele Sopoaga (2013-2019)

Vanuatu
- Head of State: President Baldwin Lonsdale (2014-2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sato Kilman (2015–11 February 2016)
  - Prime Minister Charlot Salwai (February 11, 2016–2020)

Europe

Albania
- Head of State: President Bujar Nishani (2012-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edi Rama (since 2013)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France François Hollande (2012-2017)
    - Personal representative : Thierry Lataste (2015–15 June 2016)
    - Personal representative Jean-Pierre Hugues (since June 15, 2016)
  - Bishop of Urgell Joan Enric Vives i Sicília (since 2003)
    - Personal representative: Josep Maria Mauri (since 2010)
- Head of Government: District President Antoni Martí Petit ( 2011–2015 , 2015–2019)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Philippe (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Charles Michel (2014-2019)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State:
  - President of the State Presidium Dragan Čović ( 2003 , 2003–2004 , 2015–17 March 2016, 2017–2018 )
  - President of the State Presidium Bakir Izetbegović (March 17, 2016– November 17, 2016)
  - President of the State Presidency Mladen Ivanić ( 2014–2015 , November 17, 2016–2017)
- State Presidency:
  - Bosniaks: Bakir Izetbegović (2010-2018)
  - Croatians: Dragan Čović ( 2002–2005 , 2014–2018)
  - Serbs: Mladen Ivanić (2014-2018)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Denis Zvizdić (2015-2019)

Bulgaria
- Head of State: President Rossen Plevnelev (2012-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Boyko Borissow ( 2009–2013 , 2014–2017, since 2017 )

Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen ( 2009–2011 , 2015–2019)
- Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudmann Dan Michael Knudsen (since 2008)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Aksel V. Johannesen (2015–2019)
- Greenland (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsfrau Mikaela Engell (since 2011)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Kim Kielsen (since 2014)

Germany
- Head of State: Federal President Joachim Gauck (2012-2017)
- Head of Government: Chancellor Angela Merkel (since 2005)

Estonia
- Head of State:
  - President Toomas Hendrik Ilves (2006-10 October 2016)
  - President Kersti Kaljulaid (since October 10, 2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Taavi Rõivas (2014–23 November 2016)
  - Prime Minister Jüri Ratas (since November 23, 2016)

Finland
- Head of State: President Sauli Niinistö (since 2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Juha Sipilä (2015-2019)

France
- Head of State: President François Hollande (2012-2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Manuel Valls (2014–6 December 2016)
  - Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve (December 6, 2016-2017)

Greece
- Head of State: President Prokopis Pavlopoulos (2015-2020)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras ( 2015 , 2015–2019)

Ireland
- Head of State: President Michael D. Higgins (since 2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Enda Kenny (2011-2017)

Iceland
- Head of State:
  - President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (1996–1 August 2016)
  - President Guðni Th. Jóhannesson (since August 1, 2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson (2013–6 April 2016)
  - Prime Minister Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson (April 7, 2016–2017)

Italy
- Head of State: President Sergio Mattarella (since 2015)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Matteo Renzi (2014–12 December 2016)
  - Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni (December 12, 2016–2018)

Channel Islands

guernsey

Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)

Vice-Governor: Richard Collas (2015–14 March 2016) (acting)

Lieutenant Governor: Ian Corder (since March 14, 2016)

Head of Government:

Chief Minister Jonathan Le Tocq (2014–4 May 2016)

President of the Resources and Policy Committee Gavin St. Pier (since May 4, 2016)

jersey

Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)

Lieutenant Governor: John McColl (2011–30 November 2016)

Lieutenant Governor: William Bailhache (November 30, 2016–2017) ( Acting )

Head of Government: Prime Minister Ian Gorst (2011-2018)

Kosovo (independent since 2008, not internationally recognized)
- Head of State:
  - President Atifete Jahjaga (2011–7 April 2016)
  - President Hashim Thaçi (since April 7, 2016) (Prime Minister 2008–2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Isa Mustafa (2014-2016)

Croatia
- Head of State: President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović (2015–2020)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Zoran Milanović (2011–22 January 2016)
  - Prime Minister Tihomir Orešković (January 22, 2016– October 19, 2016)
  - Prime Minister Andrej Plenković (since October 19, 2016)

Latvia
- Head of State: President Raimonds Vējonis (2015-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Laimdota Straujuma (2014–11 February 2016)
  - Prime Minister Māris Kučinskis (February 11, 2016–2019)

Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
  - Regent: Hereditary Prince Alois (since 2004)
- Head of Government : Adrian Hasler (since 2013)

Lithuania
- Head of State: President Dalia Grybauskaitė (2009-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Algirdas Butkevičius (2012–13 December 2016)
  - Prime Minister Saulius Skvernelis (since December 13, 2016)

Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Henri (since 2000) (1998–2000 regent)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Xavier Bettel (since 2013)

Malta
- Head of State: President Marie Louise Coleiro Preca (2014–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Joseph Muscat (2013-2020)

Isle of Man

Head of State: Lord of Mann Elizabeth II (since 1952)

Lieutenant- Governor : Adam Wood (2011–27 May 2016)

Lieutenant Governor: Richard Gozney (since May 27, 2016)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Allan Bell (2011–4 October 2016)

Prime Minister Howard Quayle (since October 4, 2016)

Macedonia
- Head of State: President Gjorge Ivanov (2009-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski (2006–18 January 2016)
  - Prime Minister Emil Dimitriev (January 18, 2016–2017)

Moldova
- Head of State:
  - President Nicolae Timofti (2012–23 December 2016)
  - President Igor Dodon (since December 23, 2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Gheorghe Brega (2015–20 January 2016) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Pavel Filip (January 20, 2016–2019)
- Transnistria (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State:
    - President Yevgeny Vasilyevich Shevchuk (2011–16 December 2016)
    - President Vadim Krasnoselski (since December 16, 2016)
  - Head of Government:
    - Prime Minister Pawel Prokudin (2015–17 December 2016)
    - Prime Minister Alexander Martynov (since December 17, 2016)

Monaco
- Head of State: Prince : Albert II (since 2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Minister of State Gilles Tonelli (2015–1 February 2016) (acting)
  - Minister of State Serge Telle (since February 1, 2016)

Montenegro
- Head of State: President Filip Vujanović ( 2002–2003 , 2003–2018) (1998–2003 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Milo Đukanović ( 1991–1998, 2003–2006, 2008–2010 , 2012–28 November 2016) (1998–2002 President)
  - Prime Minister Duško Marković (since November 28, 2016)

Netherlands
- Head of State: King Willem-Alexander (since 2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mark Rutte (since 2010)

Norway
- Head of State: King Harald V (since 1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Erna Solberg (since 2013)

Austria

Head of State:

Federal President Heinz Fischer (2004–8 July 2016)

Presidium of the National Council Doris Bures , Karlheinz Kopf , Norbert Hofer (provisional since July 8, 2016)

Head of Government:

Federal Chancellor Werner Faymann (2008–9 May 2016)

Reinhold Mitterlehner (provisional May 9-17 , 2016)

Federal Chancellor Christian Kern (May 17, 2016–2017)

Poland
- Head of State: President Andrzej Duda (since 2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Beata Szydło (2015-2017)

Portugal
- Head of State:
  - President Aníbal Cavaco Silva (2006–9 March 2016) (1985–1995 Prime Minister)
  - President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (since March 9, 2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister António Costa (since 2015)

Romania
- Head of State: President Klaus Johannis (since 2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dacian Cioloș (2015-2017)

Russia
- Head of State: President Vladimir Putin ( 1999–2008 , since 2012) (1999–2000, 2008–2012 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev (2012–2020) (2008–2012 President)

San Marino
- Heads of State: Capitani Reggenti :
  - Nicola Renzi (2015–1 April 2016) and Lorella Stefanelli (2015–1 April 2016)
  - Gian Nicola Berti (April 1, 2016– October 1, 2016) and Massimo Andrea Ugolini (April 1, 2016– October 1, 2016)
  - Marino Riccardi ( 1991–1992, 2004 , October 1, 2016–2017) and Fabio Berardi ( 2001 , October 1, 2016–2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Foreign Minister Pasquale Valentini (2012–27 December 2016)
  - Foreign Minister Nicola Renzi (since December 27, 2016)

Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Stefan Löfven (since 2014)

Switzerland
- Federal President Johann Schneider-Ammann (2016)
- Federal Council :
  - Doris Leuthard (since 2006)
  - Ueli Maurer (since 2009)
  - Didier Burkhalter (2009-2017)
  - Johann Schneider-Ammann (since 2010)
  - Simonetta Sommaruga (since 2010)
  - Alain Berset (since 2012)
  - Guy Parmelin (since January 1, 2016)

Serbia
- Head of State: President Tomislav Nikolić (2012-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić (2014-2017) (President since 2017)

Slovakia
- Head of State: President Andrej Kiska (2014-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Fico ( 2006–2010 , 2012–2018)

Slovenia
- Head of State: President Borut Pahor (since 2012) (Prime Minister 2008–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Miro Cerar (2014-2018)

Spain
- Head of State: King Philip VI. (since 2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy (2011-2018)

Czech Republic
- Head of State: President Miloš Zeman (since 2013) (Prime Minister 1998–2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka (2014-2017)

Ukraine
- Head of State: President Petro Poroshenko (2014-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk (2014–14 April 2016)
  - Prime Minister Volodymyr Hroysman (April 14, 2016-2019)

Hungary
- Head of State: President János Áder (since 2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Viktor Orbán ( 1998–2002 , since 2010)

Vatican city

Head of State: Pope Francis (since 2013)

Head of Government: President of the Governorate Giuseppe Bertello (since 2011)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister David Cameron (2010-13 July 2016)
  - Prime Minister Theresa May (July 13, 2016-2019)

Belarus
- Head of State: President Aljaksandr Lukashenka (since 1994)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrej Kabjakou (2014-2018)

Republic of Cyprus
- Head of State and Government: President Nikos Anastasiadis (since 2013)
- Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State: President Mustafa Akıncı (since 2015)
  - Head of Government:
    - Prime Minister Ömer Kalyoncu (2015–16 April 2016)
    - Prime Minister Hüseyin Özgürgün (April 16, 2016–2018)

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[kronbesitz-1] The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.

[2] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares