List of Heads of State 2006

Overview
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Africa

Egypt
- Head of State: President Husni Mubarak (1981–2011) (1981–1982 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ahmad Nazif (2004–2011)

Algeria
- Head of State: President Abd al-Aziz Bouteflika (1999-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia ( 1995–1998 , 2003–24 May 2006, 2008–2012, 2017–2019 )
  - Prime Minister Abdelaziz Belkhadem (May 24, 2006–2008)

Angola
- Head of State: President José Eduardo dos Santos (1979-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos (2002–2008)

Equatorial Guinea
- Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó (2004–14 August 2006)
  - Prime Minister Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea (August 14, 2006–2008)

Ethiopia
- Head of State: President Girma Wolde-Giorgis (2001-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Meles Zenawi (1995–2012) (1991–1995 President)

Benin
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Mathieu Kérékou ( 1972–1991 , 1996–6 April 2006)
  - President Boni Yayi (April 6, 2006-2016)

Botswana
- Head of State and Government: President Festus Mogae (1998–2008)

Burkina Faso
- Head of State: President Blaise Compaoré (1987-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paramanga Ernest Yonli (2000–2007)

Burundi
- Head of State and Government: President Pierre Nkurunziza (2005–2020)

Djibouti
- Head of State: President Ismail Omar Guelleh (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita (2001-2013)

Ivory Coast
- Head of State: President Laurent Gbagbo (2000–2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Charles Konan Banny (2005–2007)

Eritrea
- Head of State and Government: President Isayas Afewerki (since 1993)

Gabon
- Head of State: President Omar Bongo Ondimba (1967–2009)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane (1999–20 January 2006)
  - Prime Minister Jean Eyeghe Ndong (January 20, 2006–2009)

Gambia
- Head of State and Government: President Yahya Jammeh (1994–2017) (until 1996 Chairman of the Provisional Government Council of the Army)

Ghana
- Head of State or Government: President John Agyekum Kufuor (2001–2009)

Guinea
- Head of State: President Lansana Conté (1984–2008)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Cellou Dalein Diallo (2004–5 April 2006)
  - vacant (April 5, 2006-2007)

Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State: President João Bernardo Vieira ( 1980–1984, 1984–1999 , 2005–2009) (Prime Minister 1978–1980)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Aristides Gomes (2005–2007, 2018–2019, 2019–2020 )

Cameroon
- Head of State: President Paul Biya (since 1982)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ephraïm Inoni (2004–2009)

Cape Verde
- Head of State: President Pedro Pires (2001–2011) (1975–1991 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José Maria Neves (since 2001)

Kenya
- Head of State and Government: President Mwai Kibaki (2002–2013)

Comoros
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Azali Assoumani ( 1999–2002 , 2002–26 May 2006)
  - President Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi (May 26, 2006–2011)

Democratic Republic of the Congo (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1971–1997 Zaïre )
- Head of State: President Joseph Kabila (2001-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Antoine Gizenga (December 30, 2006–2008) (newly created office)

Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; 1970–1992 People's Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso ( 1979–1992 , since 1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Isidore Mvouba (2005–2009)

Lesotho
- Head of State: King Letsie III. ( 1990–1995 , since 1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bethuel Pakalitha Mosisili (1998–2012, 2015–2017 )

Liberia
Head of State and Government:

Chairman of the National Transitional Government Gyude Bryant (2003–16 January 2006)

President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf ( Jan 16, 2006–2018)

Libya
- Revolutionary leader: Muammar al-Gaddafi (1969–2011) (1969–1979 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
- Head of State: General Secretary of the General People's Congress Zantani Muhammad az-Zantani (1992-2008)
- Head of Government:
  - General Secretary of the General People's Committee Shukri Ghanim (2003–5 March 2006)
  - General Secretary of the General People's Committee Al-Baghdadi Ali al-Mahmudi (March 5, 2006–2011)

Madagascar
- Head of State: President Marc Ravalomanana (2002–2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacques Sylla (2002–2007)

Malawi
- Head of State and Government: President Bingu wa Mutharika (2004–2012)

Mali

Head of State: President Amadou Toumani Touré ( 1991–1992 , 2002–2012)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Ousmane Issoufi Maïga (2004–2007)

Morocco
- Head of State: King Mohammed VI. (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Driss Jettou (2002–2007)

Mauritania
- Head of State: Chairman of the Military Council for Justice and Democracy Ely Ould Mohamed Vall (2005–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar ( 1992–1996 , 2005–2007)

Mauritius

Head of State: President Anerood Jugnauth (2003–2012) (1982–1985, 2000–2003, 2014–2017 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam ( 1995–2000 , 2005–2014)

Mozambique

Head of State: President Armando Guebuza (2005–2015)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Luísa Diogo (2004-2010)

Namibia
- Head of State: President Hifikepunye Pohamba (2005-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nahas Angula (2005–2012)

Niger
- Head of State: President Tandja Mamadou (1999-2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hama Amadou ( 1995–1996 , 2000–2007)

Nigeria
- Head of State and Government: President Olusegun Obasanjo ( 1976–1979 , 1999–2007)

Rwanda

Head of State: President Paul Kagame (since 2000)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Bernard Makuza (2000–2011)

Zambia
- Head of State and Government: President Levy Mwanawasa (2002–2008)

Sao Tome and Principe
- Head of State: President Fradique de Menezes ( 2001–2003 , 2003–2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Maria do Carmo Silveira (2005–21 April 2006)
  - Prime Minister Tomé Vera Cruz (April 21, 2006–2008)

Senegal

Head of State: President Abdoulaye Wade (2000–2012)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Macky Sall (2004–2007) (President since 2012)

Seychelles
- Head of State or Government: President James Alix Michel (2004–2016)

Sierra Leone
- Head of State and Government: President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah ( 1996–1997 , 1998–2007)

Zimbabwe
- Head of State and Government: President Robert Mugabe (1987–2017) (1980–1987 Prime Minister)

Sierra Leone
- Head of State and Government: President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah ( 1996–1997 , 1998–2007)

Somalia
- Head of State: President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed (2004–2008)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Ghedi (2004–2007)
  - Somaliland (not internationally recognized)
    - Head of State and Government: President Dahir Riyale Kahin (2002–2010)

South Africa
- Head of State and Government: President Thabo Mbeki (1999–2008)

Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Umar al-Bashir (1989–2019)

Swaziland
- Head of State: King Mswati III. (since 1986)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Absalom Themba Dlamini (2003-2008)

Tanzania
- Head of State: President Jakaya Kikwete (2005–2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edward Lowassa (2005–2008)

Togo
- Head of State: President Faure Gnassingbé ( 2005 , since 2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Edem Kodjo ( 1994–1996 , 2005–20 September 2006)
  - Prime Minister Yawovi Agboyibo (September 20, 2006–2007)

Chad

Head of State: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Pascal Yoadimnadji (2005–2007)

Tunisia
- Head of State: President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali (1987–2011) (Prime Minister 1987)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi (1999–2011)

Uganda

Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Apolo Nsibambi (1999–2011)

Western Sahara (controversial)
- Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz (1976-2016) (in exile)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar (2003–2018) (in exile)

Central African Republic

Head of State: President François Bozizé (2003-2013)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Élie Doté (June 13, 2005–2008)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Michaëlle Jean (2005–2010)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Paul Martin (2003–6 February 2006)
  - Prime Minister Stephen Harper (February 6, 2006-2015)

Mexico
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Vicente Fox (2000–30 November 2006)
  - President Felipe Calderón (December 1, 2006–2012)

United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President George W. Bush (2001–2009)

Central America

Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : James Carlisle (1993-2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer (2004–2014)

Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
  - Governor General :
    - Paul Adderley (2005–1 February 2006)
    - Arthur Dion Hanna (February 1, 2006-2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Perry Christie (2002-2007, 2012-2017 )

Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
  - Governor General : Clifford Husbands (1996-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Owen Arthur (1994–2008)

Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Colville Young (since 1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Said Musa (1998–2008)

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Abel Pacheco (2002–8 May 2006)
  - President Óscar Arias Sánchez ( 1986–1990 , May 8, 2006–2010)

Dominica
- Head of State: President Nicholas Liverpool (2003–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit (since 2004)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Leonel Fernández ( 1996–2000 , 2004–2012)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Antonio Saca (2004–2009)

Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Governor General : Daniel Williams (1996-2008)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Keith Mitchell (1995–2008, since 2013 )

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Óscar Berger Perdomo (2004–2008)

Haiti
- Head of State:
  - President Boniface Alexandre (2004–14 May 2006)
  - President René Préval ( 1996–2001 , May 14, 2006–2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Gérard Latortue (2004–29 June 2006)
  - Prime Minister Jacques-Édouard Alexis ( 1999–2001 , June 9, 2006–2008)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Ricardo Maduro (2002– January 27, 2006)
  - President Manuel Zelaya (January 27, 2006–2009)

Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
  - Governor General :
    - Howard Cooke (1991-15 February 2006)
    - Kenneth Hall (February 15, 2006–2009)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Percival J. Patterson (1992–30 March 2006)
  - Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller (March 30, 2006–2007, since 2012 )

Cuba
- Head of State and Head of Government:
  - President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Fidel Castro (1976–2008) (Prime Minister 1959–1976)
  - First Vice-President Raúl Castro (since July 31, 2006) (acting)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Enrique Bolaños (2002–2007)

Panama
- Head of State and Government: President Martín Torrijos (2004–2009)

St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
  - Governor General : Cuthbert Sebastian (1996–2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Denzil Douglas (1995-2015)

St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Dame Pearlette Louisy (1997-2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Kenneth Anthony (1997–15 December 2006, 2011–2016 )
  - Prime Minister John Compton ( 1979, 1982–1986 , December 15, 2006–2007)

St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Frederick Ballantyne (2002–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves (since 2001)

Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State: President George Maxwell Richards (2003-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Patrick Manning ( 1991–1995 , 2001–2010)

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Néstor Kirchner (2003–2007)

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Eduardo Rodríguez (2005–22 January 2006)
  - President Evo Morales (January 22, 2006-2019)

Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003–2011)

Chile
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Ricardo Lagos Escobar (2000–11 March 2006)
  - President Michelle Bachelet (March 11, 2006–2010, since 2014 )

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: President Alfredo Palacio (2005–2007)

Guyana
- Head of State: President Bharrat Jagdeo (1999-2011) (1999 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sam Hinds ( 1992–1997, 1997–1999 , 1999–2015) (1997 President)

Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Álvaro Uribe Vélez (2002–2010)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Nicanor Duarte Frutos (2003-2008)

Peru
- Head of State:
  - President Alejandro Toledo (2001– July 28, 2006)
  - President Alan García ( 1985–1990 , July 28, 2006–2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Chairman of the Council of Ministers Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (2005–28 July 2006)
  - Chairman of the Council of Ministers Jorge del Castillo Gálvez (July 28, 2006–2008)

Suriname
- Head of State and Government: President Ronald Venetiaan ( 1991–1996 , 2000–2010)
- Head of Government: Vice President Ramdien Sardjoe (2005–2010)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Tabaré Vázquez (2005–2010, 2015–2020 )

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Hugo Chávez ( 1999–2002 , 2002–2013)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bangladesh

Head of State: President Iajuddin Ahmed (2002–2009) (2006–2007 Head of Government)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Khaleda Zia ( 1991–1996 , 2001–29 October 2006)

Head of the Transitional Government Iajuddin Ahmed (October 29, 2006–2007) (2002–2009 President)

Bhutan
- Head of State:
  - King Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1972–14 December 2006)
  - King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (since December 14, 2006)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sangay Ngedup ( 1999–2000 , 2005–7 September 2006)
  - Prime Minister Khandu Wangchuk (September 7, 2006–2007)

Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)

Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State: President Chen Shui-bian (2000–2008)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Frank Hsieh (2005–25 January 2006)
  - Prime Minister Su Tseng-chang (January 25, 2006–2007, since 2019 )

People's Republic of China
- Head of State: President Hu Jintao (2003-2013)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the State Council Wen Jiabao (2003-2013)

India
- Head of State: President A. PJ Abdul Kalam (2002–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Manmohan Singh (2004–2014)

Indonesia
- Head of State and Government: President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004–2014)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Akihito (1989-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jun'ichirō Koizumi (2001–26 September 2006)
  - Prime Minister Shinzō Abe (September 26, 2006–2007, since 2012 )

Cambodia
- Head of State: King Norodom Sihamoni (since 2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)

North Korea
- Chairman of the National Defense Commission : Kim Jong-il (1994–2011)
- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Kim Yong-nam (since 1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pak Pong-ju (2003–2007, 2013–2019 )

South Korea
- Head of State: President Roh Moo-hyun (2003-2008)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Lee Hae-chan (2004–14 March 2006)
  - Prime Minister Han Duck-soo (March 14, 2006– April 19, 2006, 2008–2009 ) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Han Myung-sook (April 19, 2006–2007)

Laos
- Head of State:
  - President Khamtay Siphandone (1998–8 June 2006)
  - President Choummaly Sayasone (June 8, 2006–2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Boungnang Vorachith (2001–8 June 2006)
  - Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh (June 8, 2006-2010)

Malaysia
- Head of State:
  - Supreme Ruler Syed Sirajuddin (2001–12 December 2006)
  - Supreme Ruler Mizan Zainal Abidin (December 13, 2006–2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (2003–2009)

Maldives
- Head of State or Government: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (1978–2008)

Myanmar
- Head of State: Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development Than Shwe (1992–2011) (Prime Minister 1992–2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Soe Win (2004-2007)

Nepal
- Head of State: King Gyanendra ( 1950–1951 , 2001–2008)
- Head of Government:
  - vacant (2005–30 April 2006)
  - Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala ( 1991–1994, 1998–1999, 2000–2001 , April 30, 2006–2008)

East Timor
- Head of State: President Xanana Gusmão (2002–2007) (2007–2015 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Marí Bin Amude Alkatiri (2002–26 June 2006)
  - Prime Minister José Ramos-Horta (June 26, 2006–2007) (2007–2012 President)

Pakistan

Head of State: President Pervez Musharraf (2001–2008) ( Head of Government 1999–2002)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz (2004–2007)

Philippines
- Head of State and Government: President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001–2010)

Singapore
- Head of State: President Sellapan Ramanathan (1999-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong (since 2004)

Sri Lanka
- Head of State: President Mahinda Rajapaksa (2005–2015) (2004–2005, 2018, Prime Minister since 2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ratnasiri Wickremanayake ( 2000–2001 , 2005–2010)

Thailand
- Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra (2001–19 September 2006)
  - Chairman of the Council for Democratic Reforms Sonthi Boonyaratglin (19 September 2006–1 October 2006)
  - Prime Minister Surayud Chulanont (October 1, 2006–2008)

Vietnam
- Head of State:
  - President Trần Đức Lương (1997–27 June 2006)
  - President Nguyễn Minh Triết (June 27, 2006–2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Phan Văn Khải (1997–27 June 2006)
  - Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng (since June 27, 2006)

Middle East

Armenia
- Head of State: President Robert Kocharyan (1998–2008) (1992–1994 Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh, 1994–1997 President of Nagorno-Karabakh, 1997–1998 Prime Minister of Armenia)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andranik Markarjan (2000–2007)

Azerbaijan

Head of State: President Ilham Aliyev (since 2003)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Artur Rasizadä ( 1996–2003 , 2003–2018)

Nagorno Karabakh (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Arkadi Ghukassjan (1997-2007)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Anuschawan Danieljan (1999–2007)

Bahrain
- Head of State: King Hamad bin Isa Al Chalifa (since 1999) (Emir until 2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

Georgia

Head of State: President Mikheil Saakashvili (2004–2007, 2008–2013 )

Head of Government: Prime Minister Zurab Noghaideli (2005–2007)

Abkhazia (not recognized internationally)

Head of State: President Sergei Bagapsch (2005–2011)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Alexander Ankwab (2005–2010, since 2020 ) (2011–2014 President)

South Ossetia (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Eduard Kokoity (2001-2011)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Yuri Morozov (2005–2008)

Iraq
- Head of State: President Jalal Talabani (2005-2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ibrahim al-Jafari (2005–20 May 2006)
  - Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki (May 20, 2006–2014)

Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) (Prime Minister 1981–1989)
- Head of Government: President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005-2013)

Israel
- Head of State: President Moshe Katzav (2000–2007)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ariel Sharon (2001-14 April 2006)
  - Prime Minister Ehud Olmert (January 4, 2006–2009) (provisional until April 14, 2006)

Yemen

Head of State: Chairman of the Presidential Council Ali Abdullah Salih (1990–2012) (President from 1994) (1978–1990 President of North Yemen)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Abd al-Qadir Badschamal (2001-2007)

Jordan
- Head of State: King Abdullah II (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Maruf al-Bachit (2005–2007, 2011 )

Qatar
- Head of State: Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (1995–2013) (1995–1996 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdullah bin Chalifa Al Thani (1996-2007)

Kuwait
- Head of State:
  - Emir Jabir III. (1977–2006) ( 1962–1963, 1965–1978 Prime Minister )
  - Emir Sa'ad al-Abdallah as-Salim as-Sabah (January 15, 1996– January 24, 2006) (Prime Minister 1978–2003)
  - Emir Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since January 24, 2006) (2003-2006 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (2003–11 February 2006) (since 2006 Emir)
  - Prime Minister Nasir al-Muhammad al-Ahmad as-Sabah (February 11, 2006–2011)

Lebanon
- Head of State: President Émile Lahoud (1998–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Fuad Siniora (2005–2009)

Oman
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Qaboos ibn Said (1970–2020)

Palestinian Territories
- Head of State: President Mahmud Abbas (since 2005) (Prime Minister 2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ahmad Qurai ( 2003–2005 , 2005–29 March 2006)
  - Prime Minister Ismail Haniyya (March 29, 2006–2007)

Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz (2005-2015)

Syria

Head of State: President Bashar al-Assad (since 2000)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Muhammad Nadschi al-Utri (2003-2011)

Turkey
- Head of State: President Ahmet Necdet Sezer (2000–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (2003-2014) (President since 2014)

United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Chalifa bin Zayid Al Nahyan (since 2004) (since 2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Maktum bin Raschid Al Maktum ( 1971–1979 , 1990–4 January 2006) (1990–2006 Emir of Dubai)
  - Prime Minister Muhammad bin Raschid Al Maktum (since January 5, 2006) (since 2006 Emir of Dubai)

Central Asia

Afghanistan
- Head of State and Government: President Hamid Karzai (2001-2014)

Kazakhstan

Head of State: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1991-2019)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Danial Akhmetov (2003-2007)

Kyrgyzstan
- Head of State: President Kurmanbek Bakiyev (2005–2010) (2000–2002, 2005 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Felix Kulow (2005–2007)

Mongolia
- Head of State: President Nambaryn Enchbajar (2005–2009) (Prime Minister 2000–2004)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Tsachiagiin Elbegdordsch ( 1998 , 2004–25 January 2006) (2009–2017 President)
  - Prime Minister Mijeegombyn Enchbold (January 25, 2006–2007)

Tajikistan

Head of State: President Emomalij Rahmonow (since 1992)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Oqil Oqilow (1999-2013)

Turkmenistan
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Saparmyrat Nyýazow (1991–21 December 2006)
  - President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (since December 21, 2006) (acting until February 14, 2007)

Uzbekistan

Head of State: President Islom Karimov (1991-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Shavkat Mirziyoyev (since 2003)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Michael Jeffery (2003-2008)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Howard (1996-2007)

Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
  - Queen's Representative: Frederick Tutu Goodwin (2001-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jim Marurai (2004-2010)

Fiji
- Head of State: President Josefa Iloilo (2000–2009)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase ( 2000–2001 , 2001–5 December 2006)
  - Prime Minister Jona Senilagakali (December 5, 2006–2007)

Kiribati
- Head of State and Government: President Anote Tong (2003-2016)

Marshall Islands
- Head of State and Government: President Kessai Note (2000–2008)

Micronesia
Head of State and Government: President Joseph J. Urusemal (2003–2007)

Nauru
- Head of State and Government: President Ludwig Scotty ( 2003 , 2004-2007)

New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General :
    - Silvia Cartwright (2001–4 August 2006)
    - President of the Supreme Court Sian Elias ( 2001 , August 4, 2006– August 23, 2006) (acting)
    - Anand Satyanand (August 23, 2006-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Helen Clark (1999-2008)

Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Young Vivian ( 1992–1993 , 2002–2008)

Palau
- Head of State and Government: President Tommy Remengesau (2001–2009, since 2013 )

Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
  - Governor General : Paulias Matane (2004–2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Michael Somare ( 1975–1980, 1982–1985 , 2002–2011)

Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Nathaniel Waena (2004–2009)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Allan Kemakeza (2001–20 April 2006)
  - Prime Minister Snyder Rini (April 20, 2006– May 4, 2006)
  - Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare ( 2000–2001 , May 4, 2006–2007, 2014–2017, since 2019 )

Samoa

Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tanumafili II. (1962-2007)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sailele Tuilaʻepa Malielegaoi (since 1998)

Tonga
- Head of State:
  - King Taufaʻahau Tupou IV. (1970–11 September 2006)
  - King George Tupou V (September 11, 2006–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ulukalala Lavaka Ata (2000–11 February 2006) (King since 2012)
  - Prime Minister Feleti Sevele (February 11, 2006-2010)

Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Filoimea Telito (2005–2010)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Maatia Toafa (2004–14 August 2006, 2010 )
  - Prime Minister Apisai Ielemia (August 14, 2006-2010)

Vanuatu
- Head of State: President Kalkot Mataskelekele (2004–2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ham Lini (2004–2008)

Europe

Albania
- Head of State: President Alfred Moisiu (2002–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sali Berisha (2005–2013) (1992–1997 President)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France Jacques Chirac (1995-2007)
  - Bishop of Urgell Joan Enric Vives i Sicília (since 2003)
- Head of Government: District President Albert Pintat Santolària (2005–2009)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Albert II (1993-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt (1999–2008)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State:
  - Chairman of the State Presidency Ivo Miro Jović (2005–28 February 2006)
  - President of the State Presidium Sulejman Tihić ( 2004 , February 28, 2006– November 6, 2006)
  - Chairman of the State Presidium Nebojša Radmanović (November 6, 2006–2007, 2008–2009, 2010–2011, 2012–2013 )
- State Presidency:
  - Bosniaks:
    - Sulejman Tihić (2002–6 November 2006)
    - Haris Silajdžić (November 6, 2006–2010)
  - Croatians:
    - Ivo Miro Jović (2005–6 November 2006)
    - Željko Komšić (November 6, 2006–2014, since 2018 )
  - Serbs:
    - Borislav Paravac (2003–6 November 2006)
    - Nebojša Radmanović (November 6, 2006–2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Adnan Terzić (2002–2007)

Bulgaria
- Head of State: President Georgi Parvanov (2002–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sergei Stanischew (2005–2009)

Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen (2001–2009)
- Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudmann Søren Christensen (2005–2008)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Jóannes Eidesgaard (2004–2008)

Germany
- Head of State: Federal President Horst Köhler (2004–2010)
- Head of Government: Chancellor Angela Merkel (since 2005)

Estonia
- Head of State:
  - President Arnold Rüütel ( 1991–1992 , 2001–9 October 2006)
  - President Toomas Hendrik Ilves (October 9, 2006–2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrus Ansip (2005-2014)

Finland
- Head of State: President Tarja Halonen (2000–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen (2003-2010)

France
- Head of State: President Jacques Chirac (1995–2007) (1974–1976, Prime Minister 1986–1988)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin (2005–2007)

Greece
- Head of State: President Karolos Papoulias (2005-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis (2004–2009)

Ireland
- Head of State: President Mary McAleese (1997-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bertie Ahern (1997-2008)

Iceland
- Head of State: President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (1996–2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Halldór Ásgrímsson (2004–15 June 2006)
  - Prime Minister Geir Haarde (June 15, 2006–2009)

Italy
- Head of State:
  - President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1999–15 May 2006) (1993–1994 Prime Minister)
  - President Giorgio Napolitano (May 15, 2006-2015)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi ( 1994–1995 , 2001–17 May 2006, 2008–2011 )
  - Prime Minister Romano Prodi ( 1996–1998 , May 17, 2006–2008)

Channel Islands
- guernsey
  - Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Vice-Governor: Fabian Malbon (2005-2011)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Laurie Morgan (2004-2007)
- jersey
  - Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Deputy Governor:
      - John Cheshire (2001–7 April 2006)
      - Andrew Ridgway (June 14, 2006-2011)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Frank Walker (2005-2008)

Croatia
- Head of State: President Stjepan Mesić (2000–2010)
- Head of Government: District President Ivo Sanader (2003–2009)

Latvia
- Head of State: President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (1999–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Aigars Kalvītis (2004–2007)

Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
  - Regent: Hereditary Prince Alois (since 2004)
- Head of Government : Otmar Hasler (2001–2009)

Lithuania
- Head of State: President Valdas Adamkus ( 1998–2003 , 2004–2009)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Algirdas Brazauskas (2001–1 June 2006) (1992–1998 President)
  - Prime Minister Zigmantas Balčytis (June 1– 2006– July 4, 2006) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Gediminas Kirkilas (July 4, 2006–2008)

Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Henri (since 2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker (1995-2013)

Malta
- Head of State: President Edward Fenech Adami (2004–2009) (1987–1996, 1998–2004 President)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi (2004-2013)

Isle of Man
- Head of State: Lord of Mann Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Lieutenant Governor : Paul Haddacks (2005-2011)

Macedonia
- Head of State: President Branko Crvenkovski (2004–2009) (1992–1998, Prime Minister 2002–2004)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Vlado Bučkovski (2004–27 August 2006)
  - Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski (August 27, 2006-2016)

Moldova

Head of State: President Vladimir Voronin (2001–2009)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Vasile Tarlev (2001-2008)

Transnistria (not internationally recognized)
Head of State: President Igor Smirnov (1991–2011)

Monaco
- Head of State: Prince : Albert II (since 2005)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Jean-Paul Proust (2005–2010)

Montenegro (independent since June 3, 2006)
- Head of State: President Filip Vujanović ( 2002–2003 , 2003–2018) (1998–2003 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Milo Đukanović ( 1991–1998 , 2003–10 November 2006, 2008–2010, 2012–2016 ) (1998–2002 President)
  - Prime Minister Željko Šturanović (November 10, 2006–2008)

Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Beatrix (1980-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende (2002–2010)

Norway
- Head of State: King Harald V (since 1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg ( 2000–2001 , 2005–2013)

Austria
- Head of State: Federal President Heinz Fischer (2004–2016)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel (2000–2007)

Poland
- Head of State: President Lech Kaczyński (2005-2010)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz (2005–14 July 2006)
  - Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński (July 14, 2006–2007)

Portugal
- Head of State:
  - President Jorge Sampaio (1996–9 March 2006)
  - President Aníbal Cavaco Silva (March 9, 2006–2016) (Prime Minister 1985–1995)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José Sócrates (2005-2011)

Romania
- Head of State: President Traian Băsescu (2004–2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu (2004–2008)

Russia
- Head of State: President Vladimir Putin (1999–2008, since 2012 ) (1999–2000, 2008–2012 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkow (2004–2007)

San Marino
- Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
  - Claudio Muccioli (October 1, 2005– April 1, 2006) and Antonello Bacciocchi ( 1999 , October 1, 2005– April 1, 2006)
  - Gian Franco Terenzi ( 1997–1998, 2000–2001 , April 1, 2006– October 1, 2006, 2014–2015 ) and Loris Francini ( 1998 , April 1, 2006– October 1, 2006)
  - Antonio Carattoni (October 1, 2006– April 1, 2007) and Roberto Giorgetti (October 1, 2006– April 1, 2007)

Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Göran Persson (1996–6 October 2006)
  - Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt (October 6, 2006–2014)

Switzerland
- Federal President : Moritz Leuenberger ( 2001 , 2006)
- Federal Council :
  - Moritz Leuenberger (1995-2010)
  - Pascal Couchepin (1998-2009)
  - Joseph Deiss (1999–31 July 2006)
  - Samuel Schmid (2001-2008)
  - Micheline Calmy-Rey (2003-2011)
  - Christoph Blocher (2004-2007)
  - Hans-Rudolf Merz (2004-2010)
  - Doris Leuthard (since August 1, 2006)

Serbia (legal successor to "Serbia and Montenegro" since June 3rd)
- Head of State: President Boris Tadić (2004–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica (2004–2008) (2000–2003 President of Yugoslavia)

Serbia and Montenegro (June 3, 2006 in Serbia and Montenegro split)

Head of State and Government: President and Prime Minister Svetozar Marović (2003–3 June 2006)

Serbia

Head of State: President Boris Tadić (2004–2012)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica (2004–2008) (2000–2003 President of Yugoslavia)

Montenegro

Head of State: President Filip Vujanović (since 2003)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Milo Đukanović ( 1991–1998 , 2003–2006, 2008–2010 )

Slovakia
- Head of State: President Ivan Gašparovič (2004–2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mikuláš Dzurinda (1998–4 July 2006)
  - Prime Minister Robert Fico (July 4, 2006–2010, 2012–2018 )

Slovenia
- Head of State: President Janez Drnovšek (2002–2007) (1992–2000, 2000–2002 President)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Janez Janša (2004–2008, 2012–2013, since 2020 )

Spain
- Head of State: King Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2011)

Czech Republic
- Head of State: President Václav Klaus ( 1993 , 2003–2013) (1993–1997 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jiří Paroubek (2005–4 September 2006)
  - Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek (September 4, 2006–2009)

Ukraine
- Head of State: President Viktor Yushchenko (2005–2010) (Prime Minister 1999–2001)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jurij Jechanurow (2005–4 August 2006)
  - Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych ( 2002–2005 , August 4, 2006–2007) (2010–2014 President)

Hungary
- Head of State: President László Sólyom (2005-2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány (2004–2009)

Vatican city
- Head of State: Pope Benedict XVI. (2005-2013)
- Head of Government:
  - President of the Governorate Edmund Casimir Szoka (1997–15 September 2006)
  - President of the Governorate Giovanni Lajolo (September 15, 2006–2011)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tony Blair (1997-2007)

Belarus

Head of State: President Aljaksandr Lukashenka (since 1994)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sjarhej Sidorski (2003-2010)

Republic of Cyprus

Head of State and Government: President Tassos Papadopoulos (2003–2008)

Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Mehmet Ali Talât (2005–2010) (2004–2005 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer (2005–2009)

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[kronbesitz-1] The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.

[2] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares