List of Heads of State 2010

Overview
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Africa

Egypt
- Head of State: President Husni Mubarak (1981–2011) (1981–1982 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ahmad Nazif (2004–2011)

Algeria
- Head of State: President Abd al-Aziz Bouteflika (1999-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia ( 1995–1998, 2003–2006 , 2008–2012, 2017–2019 )

Angola
- Head of State: President José Eduardo dos Santos (1979-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister António Paulo Kassoma (2008–5 February 2010) (office abolished in 2010)

Equatorial Guinea
- Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ignacio Milam Tang (2008–2012)

Ethiopia
- Head of State: President Girma Wolde-Giorgis (2001-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Meles Zenawi (1995–2012) (1991–1995 President)

Benin
- Head of State or Government: President Boni Yayi (2006-2016)

Botswana
- Head of State or Government: President Ian Khama (2008-2018)

Burkina Faso
- Head of State: President Blaise Compaoré (1987-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tertius Zongo (2007–2011)

Burundi
- Head of State and Government: President Pierre Nkurunziza (2005–2020)

Djibouti
- Head of State: President Ismail Omar Guelleh (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita (2001-2013)

Ivory Coast (government controversial from 2010 to 2011)
- Gbagbo's election victory was announced by the Constitutional Council. He was de facto head of state, but was not recognized internationally.
  - Head of State: President Laurent Gbagbo (2000–2011)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Gilbert Marie N'gbo Aké (December 7, 2010–2011)

Eritrea
- Head of State and Government: President Isayas Afewerki (since 1993)

Gabon
- Head of State: President Ali-Ben Bongo Ondimba (since 2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paul Biyoghé Mba (2009–2012)

Gambia
- Head of State and Government: President Yahya Jammeh (1994–2017) (until 1996 Chairman of the Provisional Government Council of the Army)

Ghana
- Head of State or Government: President John Atta Mills (2009–2012)

Guinea
- Head of State:
  - President of the National Council for Democracy and Development Moussa Dadis Camara (2008–21 December 2010)
  - Vice-President Sékouba Konaté (December 3, 2009– December 21, 2010) (acting)
  - President Alpha Condé (since December 21, 2010)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Kabiné Komara (2009–26 January 2010)
  - Prime Minister Jean-Marie Doré (26 January 2010–22 December 2010)
  - Prime Minister Mohamed Saïd Fofana (December 22, 2010–2015)

Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State: President Malam Bacai Sanhá ( 1999–2000 , 2009–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Carlos Gomes Júnior ( 2004–2005 , 2009–2012)

Cameroon
- Head of State: President Paul Biya (since 1982)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Philémon Yang (2009-2019)

Cape Verde
- Head of State: President Pedro Pires (2001–2011) (1975–1991 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José Maria Neves (since 2001)

Kenya

Head of State: President Mwai Kibaki (2002–2013)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Raila Odinga (2008-2013)

Comoros
- Head of State and Government: President Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi (2006–2011)

Democratic Republic of the Congo (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1971–1997 Zaïre )
- Head of State: President Joseph Kabila (2001-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Adolphe Muzito (2008–2012)

Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; 1970–1992 People's Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State and Government: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso ( 1979–1992 , since 1997)

Lesotho
- Head of State: King Letsie III. ( 1990–1995 , since 1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bethuel Pakalitha Mosisili (1998–2012, 2015–2017 )

Liberia
- Head of State or Government: President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (2006–2018)

Libya
- Revolutionary leader: Muammar al-Gaddafi (1969–2011) (1969–1979 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
- Head of State:
  - General Secretary of the General People's Congress Mubarak Abdallah asch-Shamich (2009–26 January 2010) (2000–2003 General Secretary of the General People's Committee)
  - General Secretary of the General People's Congress Muhammad Abu l-Qasim az-Zuwai (January 26, 2010–2011)
- Head of Government: General Secretary of the General People's Committee Al-Baghdadi Ali al-Mahmudi (2006–2011)

Madagascar
- Head of State: President Andry Rajoelina (2009-2014, since 2019 )
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Albert Camille Vital (2009–2011)

Malawi
- Head of State and Government: President Bingu wa Mutharika (2004–2012)

Mali

Head of State: President Amadou Toumani Touré ( 1991–1992 , 2002–2012)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Modibo Sidibé (2007–2011)

Morocco
- Head of State: King Mohammed VI. (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abbas al-Fassi (2007-2011)

Mauritania

Head of State: President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz ( 2008–2009 , 2009–2019)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdhaf (2008-2014)

Mauritius

Head of State: President Anerood Jugnauth (2003–2012) (1982–1985, 2000–2003, 2014–2017 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam ( 1995–2000 , 2005–2014)

Mozambique
- Head of State: President Armando Guebuza (2005–2015)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Luísa Diogo (2004–16 January 2010)
  - Prime Minister Aires Ali (January 16, 2010–2012)

Namibia
- Head of State: President Hifikepunye Pohamba (2005-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nahas Angula (2005–2012)

Niger
- Head of State:
  - President Tandja Mamadou (1999–18 February 2010)
  - President Salou Djibo (February 19, 2010–2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ali Badjo Gamatié (2009–18 February 2010)
  - Prime Minister Mahamadou Danda (February 23, 2010–2011)

Nigeria
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Umaru Yar'Adua (2007–5 May 2010)
  - President Goodluck Jonathan (February 9, 2010–2015) (acting until May 5, 2010)

Rwanda

Head of State: President Paul Kagame (since 2000)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Bernard Makuza (2000–2011)

Zambia
- Head of State or Government: President Rupiah Banda (2008–2011)

Sao Tome and Principe
- Head of State: President Fradique de Menezes ( 2001–2003 , 2003–2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Joaquim Rafael Branco (2008–14 August 2010)
  - Prime Minister Patrice Trovoada ( 2008 , August 14, 2010–2012, 2014–2018 )

Senegal

Head of State: President Abdoulaye Wade (2000–2012)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Souleymane Ndéné Ndiaye (2009–2012)

Seychelles
- Head of State or Government: President James Alix Michel (2004–2016)

Sierra Leone
- Head of State and Government: President Ernest Koroma (2007-2018)

Zimbabwe

Head of State: President Robert Mugabe (1987–2017) (1980–1987 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai (2009-2013)

Somalia
- Head of State: President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed (2009–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke (2009–24 September 2010, 2014–2017 )
  - Prime Minister Abdiwahid Elmi Gonjeh (September 24, 2010– November 1, 2010) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed (November 1, 2010–2011)
- Somaliland (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State and Government:
    - President Dahir Riyale Kahin (2002– July 27, 2010)
    - President Ahmed Mohammed Mahamoud Silanyo (since July 27, 2010)

South Africa
- Head of State and Government: President Jacob Zuma (2009–2018)

Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Umar al-Bashir (1989–2019)

Swaziland

Head of State: King Mswati III. (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini ( 1996–2003 , 2008–2018)

Tanzania
- Head of State: President Jakaya Kikwete (2005–2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda (2008-2015)

Togo

Head of State: President Faure Gnassingbé ( 2005 , since 2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Gilbert Houngbo (2008–2012)

Chad
- Head of State: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Youssouf Saleh Abbas (2008–5 March 2010)
  - Prime Minister Emmanuel Nadingar (March 5, 2010–2013)

Tunisia
- Head of State: President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali (1987–2011) (Prime Minister 1987)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi (1999–2011)

Uganda

Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Apolo Nsibambi (1999–2011)

Western Sahara (controversial)
- Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz (1976-2016) (in exile)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar (2003–2018) (in exile)

Central African Republic

Head of State: President François Bozizé (2003-2013)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Faustin Archange Touadéra (2008-2013)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General :
    - Michaëlle Jean (2005–1 October 2010)
    - David Johnston (October 1, 2010-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Stephen Harper (2006-2015)

Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Felipe Calderón (2006–2012)

United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President Barack Obama (2009-2017)

Central America

Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Louise Lake-Tack (2007-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer (2004–2014)

Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
  - Governor General :
    - Arthur Dion Hanna (2006-14 April 2010)
    - Arthur Foulkes (April 14, 2010-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham ( 1992–2002 , 2007–2012)

Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
  - Governor General : Clifford Husbands (1996-2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister David Thompson (2008–23 October 2010)
  - Prime Minister Freundel Stuart (October 23, 2010-2018)

Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Colville Young (since 1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dean Barrow (since 2008)

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Óscar Arias Sánchez ( 1986–1990 , 2006–8 May 2010)
  - President Laura Chinchilla (May 8, 2010-2014)

Dominica
- Head of State: President Nicholas Liverpool (2003–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit (since 2004)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Leonel Fernández ( 1996–2000 , 2004–2012)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Mauricio Funes (2009-2014)

Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Governor General : Carlyle Glean (2008-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tillman Thomas (2008-2013)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Álvaro Colom Caballeros (2008–2012)

Haiti
- Head of State: President René Préval ( 1996–2001 , 2006–2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive (2009–2011)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Roberto Micheletti (2009–27 January 2010)
  - President Porfirio Lobo Sosa (January 27, 2010–2014)

Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
  - Governor General : Patrick Allen (since 2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bruce Golding (2007-2011)

Cuba
Head of State and Head of Government: President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Raúl Castro (2006-2018) (provisional until 2008)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Daniel Ortega ( 1985–1990 , since 2007) (1979–1985 member of the government junta for national reconstruction)

Panama
- Head of State and Government: President Ricardo Martinelli (2009-2014)

St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
  - Governor General : Cuthbert Sebastian (1996–2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Denzil Douglas (1995-2015)

St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Dame Pearlette Louisy (1997-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Stephenson King (2007-2011)

St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Frederick Ballantyne (2002–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves (since 2001)

Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State: President George Maxwell Richards (2003-2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Patrick Manning ( 1991–1995 , 2001–26 May 2010)
  - Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar (May 26, 2010–2015)

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007–2015)

Bolivia
- Head of State or Government: President Evo Morales (2006-2019)

Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003–2011)

Chile
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Michelle Bachelet (2006–11 March 2010, since 2014 )
  - President Sebastián Piñera (March 11, 2010–2014)

Ecuador
- Head of State or Government: President Rafael Correa (2007-2017)

Guyana
- Head of State: President Bharrat Jagdeo (1999-2011) (1999 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sam Hinds ( 1992–1997, 1997–1999 , 1999–2015) (1997 President)

Colombia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Álvaro Uribe Vélez (2002–7 August 2010)
  - President Juan Manuel Santos (August 7, 2010-2018)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Fernando Lugo (2008–2012)

Peru
- Head of State: President Alan García ( 1985–1990 , 2006–2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Chairman of the Council of Ministers Javier Velásquez Quesquén (2009–14 September 2010)
  - Chairman of the Council of Ministers José Antonio Chang (September 14, 2010–2011)

Suriname
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Ronald Venetiaan ( 1991–1996 , 2000– August 12, 2010)
  - President Dési Bouterse ( 1980, 1982 , August 12, 2010–2020)
- Head of Government:
  - Vice President Ramdien Sardjoe (2005–12 August 2010)
  - Vice President Robert Ameerali (August 12, 2010–2015)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Tabaré Vázquez (2005–1 March 2010, 2015–2020 )
  - President José Mujica (March 1, 2010–2015)

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Hugo Chávez ( 1999–2002 , 2002–2013)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bangladesh
- Head of State: President Zillur Rahman (2009-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hasina Wajed ( 1996–2001 , since 2009)

Bhutan
- Head of State: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (since 2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jigme Thinley ( 1998–1999 , 2003–2004 , 2008–2013)

Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)

Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State: President Ma Ying-jeou (2008-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Wu Den-yih (2009–2012)

People's Republic of China
- Head of State: President Hu Jintao (2003-2013)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the State Council Wen Jiabao (2003-2013)

India
- Head of State: President Pratibha Patil (2007–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Manmohan Singh (2004–2014)

Indonesia
- Head of State and Government: President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004–2014)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Akihito (1989-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama (2009–8 June 2010)
  - Prime Minister Naoto Kan (June 8, 2010–2011)

Cambodia
- Head of State: King Norodom Sihamoni (since 2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)

North Korea
- Chairman of the National Defense Commission : Kim Jong-il (1994–2011)
- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Kim Yong-nam (since 1998)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Kim Yong-il (2007–7 June 2010)
  - Prime Minister Choe Yong-rim (June 7, 2010–2013)

South Korea
- Head of State: President Lee Myung-bak (2008-2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Chung Un-chan (2009–11 August 2010)
  - Prime Minister Yoon Jeung-hyun (August 11, 2010– October 1, 2010) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Kim Hwang-sik (October 1, 2010–2013)

Laos
- Head of State: President Choummaly Sayasone (2006-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh (2006–23 December 2010)
  - Prime Minister Thongsing Thammavong (December 23, 2010–2016)

Malaysia
- Head of State: Supreme Ruler Mizan Zainal Abidin (2006–2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Najib Razak (2009-2018)

Maldives
- Head of State and Government: President Mohamed Nasheed (2008–2012)

Myanmar
- Head of State: Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development Than Shwe (1992–2011) (Prime Minister 1992–2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Thein Sein (2007–2011) (President since 2011)

Nepal
- Head of State: President Ram Baran Yadav (2008-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal (2009–2011)

East Timor
- Head of State: President José Ramos-Horta (2007–2012) (Prime Minister 2006–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão (2007–2015) (2002–2007 President)

Pakistan
- Head of State: President Asif Ali Zardari (2008-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gilani (2008–2012)

Philippines
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001–30 June 2010)
  - President Benigno Aquino III. (June 30, 2010–2016)

Singapore
- Head of State: President Sellapan Ramanathan (1999-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong (since 2004)

Sri Lanka
- Head of State: President Mahinda Rajapaksa (2005–2015) (2004–2005, 2018, Prime Minister since 2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ratnasiri Wickremanayake ( 2000–2001 , 2005–21 April 2010)
  - Prime Minister DM Jayaratne (April 21, 2010–2015)

Thailand
- Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva (2008–2011)

Vietnam

Head of State: President Nguyễn Minh Triết (2006–2011)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng (since 2006)

Middle East

Armenia
- Head of State: President Serzh Sargsyan (2008–2018) (2007–2008 and 2018 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tigran Sargsjan (2008-2014)

Azerbaijan

Head of State: President Ilham Aliyev (since 2003)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Artur Rasizadä ( 1996–2003 , 2003–2018)

Nagorno Karabakh (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Bako Sahakjan (since 2007)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Arajik Harutjunjan (since 2007)

Bahrain
- Head of State: King Hamad bin Isa Al Chalifa (since 1999) (Emir until 2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

Georgia

Head of State: President Mikheil Saakashvili ( 2004–2007 , 2008–2013)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Nika Gilauri (2009–2112)

Abkhazia (not recognized internationally)

Head of State: President Sergei Bagapsch (2005–2011)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Alexander Ankwab (2005–13 February 2010, since 2020 ) (2011–2014 President)

Prime Minister Sergei Shamba (February 13, 2010–2011)

South Ossetia (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Eduard Kokoity (2001-2011)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Wadim Browzew (2009–2012)

Iraq
- Head of State: President Jalal Talabani (2005-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki (2006-2014)

Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) (Prime Minister 1981–1989)
- Head of Government: President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005-2013)

Israel
- Head of State: President Shimon Peres (2007–2014) (1977, 1984–1986, 1995–1996 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu ( 1996–1999 , since 2009)

Yemen

Head of State: Chairman of the Presidential Council Ali Abdullah Salih (1990–2012) (President from 1994) (1978–1990 President of North Yemen)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Mujawwar (2007-2011)

Jordan
- Head of State: King Abdullah II (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Samir ar-Rifaʿi (2009–2011)

Qatar

Head of State: Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (1995–2013) (1995–1996 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Hamad ibn Jasim ibn Jabir Al Thani (2007-2013)

Kuwait
- Head of State: Emir Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 2006) (2003-2006 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nasir al-Muhammad al-Ahmad as-Sabah (2006–2011)

Lebanon
- Head of State: President Michel Sulaiman (2008-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Saad Hariri (2009–2011, 2016–2020 )

Oman
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Qaboos ibn Said (1970–2020)

Palestinian Territories
- Head of State: President Mahmud Abbas (since 2005) (Prime Minister 2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ismail Haniyya (2006–2007) (continues to rule the Gaza Strip and does not recognize Fayyad)
  - Prime Minister Salam Fayyad (2007-2013) (ruled de facto in the West Bank)

Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz (2005-2015)

Syria

Head of State: President Bashar al-Assad (since 2000)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Muhammad Nadschi al-Utri (2003-2011)

Turkey
- Head of State: President Abdullah Gül (2007–2014) (2002–2003 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (2003-2014) (President since 2014)

United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Chalifa bin Zayid Al Nahyan (since 2004) (since 2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Muhammad bin Raschid Al Maktum (since 2006) (since 2006 Emir of Dubai)

Central Asia

Afghanistan
- Head of State and Government: President Hamid Karzai (2001-2014)

Kazakhstan

Head of State: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1991-2019)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Kärim Mässimow (2007–2012, since 2014 )

Kyrgyzstan
- Head of State:
  - President Kurmanbek Bakiyev (2005–7 April 2010) (2000–2002, 2005 Prime Minister)
  - President Rosa Otunbajewa (April 7, 2010–2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Danijar Üssönow (2009–7 April 2010)
  - Prime Minister Almasbek Atambayev ( 2007 , December 17, 2010–2011) (2011–2017 President)

Mongolia
- Head of State: President Tsachiagiin Elbegdordsch (2009–2017) (1998, 2004–2006 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Süchbaataryn Batbold (2009–2012)

Tajikistan

Head of State: President Emomalij Rahmon (since 1992)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Oqil Oqilow (1999-2013)

Turkmenistan
- Head of State and Government: President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (since 2006) (acting until 2007)

Uzbekistan

Head of State: President Islom Karimov (1991-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Shavkat Mirziyoyev (since 2003)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Quentin Bryce (2008-2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Kevin Rudd (2007–24 June 2010, 2013 )
  - Prime Minister Julia Gillard (June 24, 2010–2013)

Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
  - Queen's Representative: Frederick Tutu Goodwin (2001-2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jim Marurai (2004–30 November 2010)
  - Prime Minister Henry Puna (since November 30, 2010)

Fiji
- Head of State: President Epeli Nailatikau (2009–2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama (since 2007) (acting) (2000 Chairman of the Military Government)

Kiribati
- Head of State and Government: President Anote Tong (2003-2016)

Marshall Islands
- Head of State and Government: President Jurelang Zedkaia (2009–2012)

Micronesia
- Head of State or Government: President Manny Mori (2007-2015)

Nauru
- Head of State or Government: President Marcus Stephen (2007-2011)

New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Anand Satyanand (2006-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Key (since 2008)

Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Toke Talagi (since 2008)

Palau
- Head of State or Government: President Johnson Toribiong (2009-2013)

Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
  - Governor General :
    - Paulias Matane (2004–13 December 2010)
    - Speaker of Parliament Jeffrey Nape (December 13, 2010– December 20, 2010) (acting)
    - Michael Ogio (December 20, 2010-2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Michael Somare ( 1975–1980, 1982–1985 , 2002–2011)
  - Prime Minister Sam Abal (April 13, 2010–2011, 2011 ) (acting)

Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Frank Kabui (2009–2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Derek Sikua (2007–25 August 2010)
  - Prime Minister Danny Philip (August 25, 2010-2011)

Samoa

Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tupuola Taisi Tufuga Efi (2007–2017) (Prime Minister 1976–1982)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sailele Tuilaʻepa Malielegaoi (since 1998)

Tonga
- Head of State: King George Tupou V (2006–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Feleti Sevele (2006–22 December 2010)
  - Prime Minister Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō (December 22, 2010–2014)

Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General :
    - Filoimea Telito (2005–19 March 2010)
    - Speaker of Parliament Kamuta Latasi (March 19, 2010– April 16, 2010) (acting) (1993–1996 Prime Minister)
    - Iakoba Italeli (since April 16, 2010)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Apisai Ielemia (2006–29 September 2010)
  - Prime Minister Maatia Toafa ( 2004–2006 , September 29, 2010– December 24, 2010)
  - Prime Minister Willy Telavi (December 24, 2010–2013)

Vanuatu
- Head of State: President Iolu Abil (2009-2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Edward Natapei ( 2001–2004 , 2008–2 December 2010, 2011–2011 )
  - Prime Minister Sato Kilman (December 2, 2010–2011, 2011, 2011–2013 )

Europe

Albania
- Head of State: President Bamir Topi (2007–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sali Berisha (2005–2013) (1992–1997 President)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France Nicolas Sarkozy (2007–2012)
  - Bishop of Urgell Joan Enric Vives i Sicília (since 2003)
- Head of Government: District President Jaume Bartumeu Cassany (2009–2011)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Albert II (1993-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Yves Leterme ( 2008 , 2009-2011)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State:
  - President of the State Presidium Željko Komšić ( 2007–2008 , 2009–6 March 2010, 2011–2012, 2013–2014, 2019–2020 )
  - Chairman of the State Presidency Haris Silajdžić ( 2008 , March 6, 2010– November 10, 2010)
  - Chairman of the State Presidium Nebojša Radmanović ( 2006–2007, 2008–2009 , November 10, 2010–2011, 2012–2013 )
- State Presidency:
  - Bosniaks:
    - Haris Silajdžić (2006-10 November 2010)
    - Bakir Izetbegović (November 10, 2010-2018)
  - Croatians: Željko Komšić (2006–2014, since 2018 )
  - Serbs: Nebojša Radmanović (2006-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nikola Špirić (2007–2012)

Bulgaria
- Head of State: President Georgi Parvanov (2002–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Boyko Borissow (2009–2013, 2014–2017, since 2017 )

Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen (2009–2011, 2015–2019 )
- Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudmann Dan Michael Knudsen (since 2008)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Kaj Leo Johannesen (2008-2015)
- Greenland (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Imperial ombudsman Søren Hald Møller (2005–2011)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Kuupik Kleist (2009-2013)

Germany
- Head of State:
  - Federal President Horst Köhler (2004–31 May 2010)
  - Federal Council President Jens Böhrnsen (May 31, 2010– June 30, 2010) (acting)
  - Federal President Christian Wulff (June 30, 2010–2012)
- Head of Government: Chancellor Angela Merkel (since 2005)

Estonia
- Head of State: President Toomas Hendrik Ilves (2006–2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrus Ansip (2005-2014)

Finland
- Head of State: President Tarja Halonen (2000–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen (2003–22 June 2010)
  - Prime Minister Mari Kiviniemi (June 22, 2010–2011)

France
- Head of State: President Nicolas Sarkozy (2007–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister François Fillon (2007–2012)

Greece
- Head of State: President Karolos Papoulias (2005-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Giorgos Andrea Papandreou (2009–2011)

Ireland
- Head of State: President Mary McAleese (1997-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Brian Cowen (2008-2011)

Iceland
- Head of State: President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (1996–2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir (2009–2013)

Italy
- Head of State: President Giorgio Napolitano (2006-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi ( 1994–1995, 2001–2006 , 2008–2011)

Channel Islands
- guernsey
  - Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Vice-Governor: Fabian Malbon (2005-2011)
  - Head of Government: Chief Minister Lyndon Trott (2008–2012)
- jersey
  - Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Lieutenant Governor: Andrew Ridgway (2006-2011)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Terry Le Sueur (2008-2011)

Croatia
- Head of State:
  - President Stjepan Mesić (2000–18 February 2010)
  - President Ivo Josipović (February 18, 2010–2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jadranka Kosor (2009–2011)

Latvia
- Head of State: President Valdis Zatlers (2007-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis (2009-2014)

Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
  - Regent: Hereditary Prince Alois (since 2004)
- Head of Government : Klaus Tschütscher (2009-2013)

Lithuania
- Head of State: President Dalia Grybauskaitė (2009-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrius Kubilius ( 1999–2000 , 2008–2012)

Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Henri (since 2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker (1995-2013)

Malta
- Head of State: President George Abela (2009-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi (2004-2013)

Isle of Man
- Head of State: Lord of Mann Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Lieutenant Governor : Paul Haddacks (2005-2011)

Macedonia
- Head of State: President Gjorge Ivanov (2009-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski (2006-2016)

Moldova

Head of State:

Speaker of Parliament Mihai Ghimpu (2009–28 December 2010) (acting)

Prime Minister Vlad Filat (December 28, 2010– December 30, 2010) (acting)

President of Parliament Marian Lupu (December 30, 2010–2012) (acting)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Vlad Filat (2009-2013)

Transnistria (not internationally recognized)
President Igor Smirnov (1991-2011)

Monaco
- Head of State: Prince : Albert II (since 2005)
- Head of Government:
  - Minister of State Jean-Paul Proust (2005–29 March 2010)
  - Minister of State Michel Roger (March 29, 2010-2016)

Montenegro
- Head of State: President Filip Vujanović ( 2002–2003 , 2003–2018) (1998–2003 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Milo Đukanović ( 1991–1998, 2003–2006 , 2008–29 December 2010. since 2012 )
  - Prime Minister Igor Lukšić (December 29, 2010–2012)

Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Beatrix (1980-2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende (2002–14 October 2010)
  - Prime Minister Mark Rutte (since October 14, 2010)

Norway
- Head of State: King Harald V (since 1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg ( 2000–2001 , 2005–2013)

Austria
- Head of State: Federal President Heinz Fischer (2004–2016)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Werner Faymann (2008-2016)

Poland
- Head of State:
  - President Lech Kaczyński (2005–10 April 2010)
  - Speaker of Parliament Bronisław Komorowski (April 10, 2010– July 8, 2010) (acting)
  - Senate President Bogdan Borusewicz (July 8, 2010) (acting)
  - Speaker of Parliament Grzegorz Schetyna (July 8, 2010– August 5, 2010) (acting)
  - President Bronisław Komorowski (August 6, 2010–2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Donald Tusk (2007-2014)

Portugal
- Head of State: President Aníbal Cavaco Silva (2006–2016) (1985–1995 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José Sócrates (2005-2011)

Romania
- Head of State: President Traian Băsescu (2004–2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Emil Boc (2008–2012)

Russia
- Head of State: President Dmitry Medvedev (2008–2012) (Prime Minister 2012–2020)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Vladimir Putin ( 1999–2000 , 2008–2012) (1999–2008, President since 2012)

San Marino
- Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
  - Francesco Mussoni (October 1, 2009– April 1, 2010) and Stefano Palmieri (October 1, 2009– April 1, 2010)
  - Marco Conti (April 1, 2010– October 1, 2010) and Glauco Sansovini (April 1, 2010– October 1, 2010)
  - Giovanni Francesco Ugolini ( 2002 , October 1, 2010– April 1, 2011) and Andrea Zafferani (October 1, 2010– April 1, 2011)

Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt (2006–2014)

Switzerland
- Federal President : Doris Leuthard (2010, 2017 )
- Federal Council :
  - Moritz Leuenberger (1995–31 October 2010)
  - Micheline Calmy-Rey (2003-2011)
  - Hans-Rudolf Merz (2003–28 October 2010)
  - Doris Leuthard (since 2006)
  - Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (2008-2015)
  - Ueli Maurer (since 2009)
  - Didier Burkhalter (2009-2017)
  - Johann Schneider-Ammann (since October 29, 2010)
  - Simonetta Sommaruga (since November 1, 2010)

Serbia
- Head of State: President Boris Tadić (2004–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mirko Cvetković (2008–2012)
- Kosovo (independent since 2008, not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State:
    - President Fatmir Sejdiu (2006–27 September 2010)
    - President Jakup Krasniqi (September 27, 2010–2011, 2011 ) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Hashim Thaçi (2008-2014) (President since 2016)

Slovakia
- Head of State: President Ivan Gašparovič (2004–2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Robert Fico (2006–8 July 2010, 2012–2018 )
  - Prime Minister Iveta Radičová (July 8, 2010–2012)

Slovenia
- Head of State: President Danilo Türk (2007–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Borut Pahor (2008–2012) (President since 2012)

Spain
- Head of State: King Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2011)

Czech Republic
- Head of State: President Václav Klaus ( 1993 , 2003–2013) (1993–1997 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jan Fischer (2009–13 July 2010)
  - Prime Minister Petr Nečas (July 13, 2010-2013)

Ukraine
- Head of State:
  - President Viktor Yushchenko (2005–25 February 2010) (Prime Minister 1999–2001)
  - President Viktor Yanukovych (February 25, 2010–2014) (2002–2005, 2006–2007 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko ( 2005 , 2007–11 March 2010)
  - Prime Minister Oleksandr Turchynow (March 4, 2010– March 11, 2010) (acting)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mykola Azarov ( 2004, 2005 , March 11, 2010–2014)

Hungary
- Head of State:
  - President László Sólyom (2005–6 August 2010)
  - President Pál Schmitt (August 6, 2010–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Gordon Bajnai (2009–29 May 2010)
  - Prime Minister Viktor Orbán ( 1998–2002 , since May 29, 2010)

Vatican city

Head of State: Pope Benedict XVI. (2005-2013)

Head of Government: President of the Governorate Giovanni Lajolo (2006-2011)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Gordon Brown (2007–11 May 2010)
  - Prime Minister David Cameron (May 11, 2010-2016)

Belarus
- Head of State: President Aljaksandr Lukashenka (since 1994)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sjarhej Sidorski (2003–28 December 2010)
  - Prime Minister Mikhail Myasnikovich (December 28, 2010-2014)

Republic of Cyprus
- Head of State and Government: President Dimitris Christofias (2008-2013)
- Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State:
    - President Mehmet Ali Talât (2005–23 April 2010) (2004–2005 Ministerial President )
    - President Derviş Eroğlu (April 23, 2010–2015) (1985–1994, 1996–2004, 2009–2010 Prime Minister)
  - Head of Government:
    - Prime Minister Derviş Eroğlu ( 1985–1994, 1996–2004 , 2009–23 April 2010) (2010–2015 President)
    - Prime Minister Hüseyin Özgürgün (April 23, 2010– May 27, 2010) (acting)
    - Prime Minister İrsen Küçük (May 27, 2010–2013)

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[kronbesitz-1] The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.

[2] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares