List of Heads of State 2009

Overview
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Africa

Egypt
- Head of State: President Husni Mubarak (1981–2011) (1981–1982 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ahmad Nazif (2004–2011)

Algeria
- Head of State: President Abd al-Aziz Bouteflika (1999-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia ( 1995–1998, 2003–2006 , 2008–2012, 2017–2019 )

Angola

Head of State: President José Eduardo dos Santos (1979-2017)

Head of Government: Prime Minister António Paulo Kassoma (2008-2010)

Equatorial Guinea
- Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ignacio Milam Tang (2008–2012)

Ethiopia
- Head of State: President Girma Wolde-Giorgis (2001-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Meles Zenawi (1995–2012) (1991–1995 President)

Benin
- Head of State or Government: President Boni Yayi (2006-2016)

Botswana
- Head of State or Government: President Ian Khama (2008-2018)

Burkina Faso
- Head of State: President Blaise Compaoré (1987-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tertius Zongo (2007–2011)

Burundi
- Head of State and Government: President Pierre Nkurunziza (2005–2020)

Djibouti
- Head of State: President Ismail Omar Guelleh (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita (2001-2013)

Ivory Coast
- Head of State: President Laurent Gbagbo (2000–2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Guillaume Soro (2007–2012)

Eritrea
- Head of State and Government: President Isayas Afewerki (since 1993)

Gabon
- Head of State:
  - President Omar Bongo Ondimba (1967–8 June 2009)
  - Senate President Rose Francine Rogombé (June 10, 2009– October 16, 2009) (acting)
  - President Ali-Ben Bongo Ondimba (since October 16, 2009)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jean Eyeghe Ndong (2006–17 July 2009)
  - Prime Minister Paul Biyoghé Mba (July 17, 2009–2012)

Gambia
- Head of State and Government: President Yahya Jammeh (1994–2017) (until 1996 Chairman of the Provisional Government Council of the Army)

Ghana
- Head of State and Government:
  - President John Agyekum Kufuor (2001– Jan 7, 2009)
  - President John Atta Mills (Jan. 7, 2009–2012)

Guinea
- Head of State:
  - President of the National Council for Democracy and Development Moussa Dadis Camara (2008–2010)
  - Vice-President Sékouba Konaté (December 3, 2009–2010) (acting)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ahmed Tidiane Souaré (2008–2 January 2009)
  - Prime Minister Kabiné Komara (January 2, 2009–2010)

Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State:
  - President João Bernardo Vieira ( 1980–1984, 1984–1999 , 2005–2 March 2009) (1978–1980 Prime Minister)
  - President of the National Assembly Raimundo Pereira (March 3, 2009– September 8, 2009, 2012 ) (acting)
  - President Malam Bacai Sanhá ( 1999–2000 , September 8, 2009–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Carlos Correia ( 1991–1994, 1997–1998 ,, 2008–2 January 2009, 2015–2016 )
  - Prime Minister Carlos Gomes Júnior ( 2004–2005 , January 2, 2009–2012)

Cameroon
- Head of State: President Paul Biya (since 1982)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ephraïm Inoni (2004–30 June 2009)
  - Prime Minister Philémon Yang (June 30, 2009–2019)

Cape Verde
- Head of State: President Pedro Pires (2001–2011) (1975–1991 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José Maria Neves (since 2001)

Kenya

Head of State: President Mwai Kibaki (2002–2013)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Raila Odinga (2008-2013)

Comoros
- Head of State and Government: President Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi (2006–2011)

Democratic Republic of the Congo (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1971–1997 Zaïre )
- Head of State: President Joseph Kabila (2001-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Adolphe Muzito (2008–2012)

Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; 1970–1992 People's Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso ( 1979–1992 , since 1997)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Isidore Mvouba (2005–15 September 2009) (office abolished)

Lesotho
- Head of State: King Letsie III. ( 1990–1995 , since 1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bethuel Pakalitha Mosisili (1998–2012, 2015–2017 )

Liberia
- Head of State or Government: President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (2006–2018)

Libya
- Revolutionary leader: Muammar al-Gaddafi (1969–2011) (1969–1979 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
- Head of State:
  - General Secretary of the General People's Congress Muftah Muhammad Kaiba (2008–5 March 2009)
  - General Secretary of the General People's Congress Mubarak Abdallah asch-Shamich (March 5, 2009–2010) (2000–2003 General Secretary of the General People's Committee)
- Head of Government: General Secretary of the General People's Committee Al-Baghdadi Ali al-Mahmudi (2006–2011)

Madagascar

Head of State:

President Marc Ravalomanana (2002–17 March 2009)

Head of the Military Board of Hyppolite Ramaroson (March 17, 2009)

President Andry Rajoelina (March 17, 2009-2014, since 2019 )

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Charles Rabemananjara (2007–17 March 2009)

Prime Minister Monja Roindefo (March 17, 2009– October 10 , 2009)

Prime Minister Eugène Mangalaza (October 10, 2009– December 18, 2009)

Prime Minister Cécile Manorohanta (December 18, 2009– December 120, 2009)

Prime Minister Albert Camille Vital (December 20, 2009–2011)

Malawi
- Head of State and Government: President Bingu wa Mutharika (2004–2012)

Mali

Head of State: President Amadou Toumani Touré ( 1991–1992 , 2002–2012)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Modibo Sidibé (2007–2011)

Morocco
- Head of State: King Mohammed VI. (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abbas al-Fassi (2007-2011)

Mauritania

Head of State:

Chairman of the High Council of State Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz (2008–15 April 2009, 2009–2019 )

Senate President Ba Mamadou Mbaré (April 15, 2009– August 5, 2009) (acting)

President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz ( 2008–2009 , August 5, 2009–2019)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdhaf (2008-2014)

Mauritius

Head of State: President Anerood Jugnauth (2003–2012) (1982–1985, 2000–2003, 2014–2017 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam ( 1995–2000 , 2005–2014)

Mozambique

Head of State: President Armando Guebuza (2005–2015)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Luísa Diogo (2004-2010)

Namibia
- Head of State: President Hifikepunye Pohamba (2005-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nahas Angula (2005–2012)

Niger
- Head of State: President Tandja Mamadou (1999-2010)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Seini Oumarou (2007–23 September 2009)
  - Prime Minister Albadé Abouba (September 23, 2009– October 2, 2009) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Ali Badjo Gamatié (October 2, 2009-2010)

Nigeria
- Head of State and Government: President Umaru Yar'Adua (2007-2010)

Rwanda

Head of State: President Paul Kagame (since 2000)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Bernard Makuza (2000–2011)

Zambia
- Head of State or Government: President Rupiah Banda (2008–2011)

Sao Tome and Principe
- Head of State: President Fradique de Menezes ( 2001–2003 , 2003–2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Joaquim Rafael Branco (2008–2010)

Senegal
- Head of State: President Abdoulaye Wade (2000–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré (2007–30 April 2009)
  - Prime Minister Souleymane Ndéné Ndiaye (April 30, 2009–2012)

Seychelles
- Head of State or Government: President James Alix Michel (2004–2016)

Sierra Leone
- Head of State and Government: President Ernest Koroma (2007-2018)

Zimbabwe

Head of State: President Robert Mugabe (1987–2017) (1980–1987 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai (February 11, 2009–2013)

Somalia
- Head of State:
  - President Adan Mohammed Nuur Madobe (2008–31 January 2009) (acting)
  - President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed (January 31, 2009–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Nur Hassan Hussein (2007–14 February 2009)
  - Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke (February 14, 2009–2010, 2014–2017 )
- Somaliland (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State and Government: President Dahir Riyale Kahin (2002–2010)

South Africa
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Kgalema Motlanthe (2008–9 May 2009)
  - President Jacob Zuma (May 9, 2009–2018)

Sudan
- Head of State and Government: President Umar al-Bashir (1989–2019)

Swaziland

Head of State: King Mswati III. (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini ( 1996–2003 , 2008–2018)

Tanzania
- Head of State: President Jakaya Kikwete (2005–2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda (2008-2015)

Togo

Head of State: President Faure Gnassingbé ( 2005 , since 2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Gilbert Houngbo (2008–2012)

Chad

Head of State: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Youssouf Saleh Abbas (2008-2010)

Tunisia
- Head of State: President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali (1987–2011) (Prime Minister 1987)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi (1999–2011)

Uganda

Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Apolo Nsibambi (1999–2011)

Western Sahara (controversial)
- Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz (1976-2016) (in exile)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar (2003–2018) (in exile)

Central African Republic

Head of State: President François Bozizé (2003-2013)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Faustin Archange Touadéra (2008-2013)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Michaëlle Jean (2005–2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Stephen Harper (2006-2015)

Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Felipe Calderón (2006–2012)

United States of America
- Head of State and Government:
  - President George W. Bush (2001–20 January 2009)
  - President Barack Obama (January 20, 2009-2017)

Central America

Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Louise Lake-Tack (2007-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer (2004–2014)

Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
  - Governor General : Arthur Dion Hanna (2006–2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham ( 1992–2002 , 2007–2012)

Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
  - Governor General : Clifford Husbands (1996-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister David Thompson (2008-2010)

Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Colville Young (since 1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dean Barrow (since 2008)

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: President Óscar Arias Sánchez ( 1986–1990 , 2006–2010)

Dominica
- Head of State: President Nicholas Liverpool (2003–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit (since 2004)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Leonel Fernández ( 1996–2000 , 2004–2012)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Antonio Saca (2004–1 June 2009)
  - President Mauricio Funes (June 1, 2009–2014)

Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Governor General : Carlyle Glean (2008-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tillman Thomas (2008-2013)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Álvaro Colom Caballeros (2008–2012)

Haiti
- Head of State: President René Préval ( 1996–2001 , 2006–2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Michèle Pierre-Louis (2008–11 November 2009)
  - Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive (November 11, 2009–2011)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Manuel Zelaya (2006–28 June 2009)
  - President Roberto Micheletti (June 28, 2009-2010)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Manuel Zelaya (2006–28 June 2009)
  - President Roberto Micheletti (June 28, 2009–2010) (incumbent)

Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
  - Governor General :
    - Kenneth Hall (2006–26 February 2009)
    - Patrick Allen (politician) (since February 26, 2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bruce Golding (2007-2011)

Cuba
Head of State and Head of Government: President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Raúl Castro (2006-2018) (provisional until 2008)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Daniel Ortega ( 1985–1990 , since 2007) (1979–1985 member of the government junta for national reconstruction)

Panama
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Martín Torrijos (2004–1 July 2009)
  - President Ricardo Martinelli (July 1, 2009–2014)

St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
  - Governor General : Cuthbert Sebastian (1996–2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Denzil Douglas (1995-2015)

St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Dame Pearlette Louisy (1997-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Stephenson King (2007-2011)

St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Frederick Ballantyne (2002–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves (since 2001)

Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State: President George Maxwell Richards (2003-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Patrick Manning ( 1991–1995 , 2001–2010)

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007–2015)

Bolivia
- Head of State or Government: President Evo Morales (2006-2019)

Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003–2011)

Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Michelle Bachelet (2006–2010, since 2014 )

Ecuador
- Head of State or Government: President Rafael Correa (2007-2017)

Guyana
- Head of State: President Bharrat Jagdeo (1999-2011) (1999 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sam Hinds ( 1992–1997, 1997–1999 , 1999–2015) (1997 President)

Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Álvaro Uribe Vélez (2002–2010)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Fernando Lugo (2008–2012)

Peru
- Head of State: President Alan García ( 1985–1990 , 2006–2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Chairman of the Council of Ministers Yehude Simon (2008–11 July 2009)
  - Chairman of the Council of Ministers Javier Velásquez Quesquén (July 11, 2009–2010)

Suriname
- Head of State and Government: President Ronald Venetiaan ( 1991–1996 , 2000–2010)
- Head of Government: Vice President Ramdien Sardjoe (2005–2010)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Tabaré Vázquez (2005–2010, 2015–2020 )

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Hugo Chávez ( 1999–2002 , 2002–2013)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bangladesh
- Head of State:
  - President Iajuddin Ahmed (2002–12 February 2009)
  - President Zillur Rahman (January 6, 2009–2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Head of the transitional government Fakhruddin Ahmed (2007–6 January 2009)
  - Prime Minister Hasina Wajed ( 1996–2001 , since January 6, 2009)

Bhutan
- Head of State: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (since 2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jigme Thinley ( 1998–1999 , 2003–2004 , 2008–2013)

Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)

Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State: President Ma Ying-jeou (2008-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Liu Chao-shiuan (2008-10 September 2009)
  - Prime Minister Wu Den-yih (September 10, 2009–2012)

People's Republic of China
- Head of State: President Hu Jintao (2003-2013)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the State Council Wen Jiabao (2003-2013)

India
- Head of State: President Pratibha Patil (2007–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Manmohan Singh (2004–2014)

Indonesia
- Head of State and Government: President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004–2014)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Akihito (1989-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Tarō Asō (2008–16 September 2009)
  - Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama (September 16, 2009–2010)

Cambodia
- Head of State: King Norodom Sihamoni (since 2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)

North Korea
- Chairman of the National Defense Commission : Kim Jong-il (1994–2011)
- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Kim Yong-nam (since 1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kim Yong-il (2007-2010)

South Korea
- Head of State: President Lee Myung-bak (2008-2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Han Seung-soo (2008–29 September 2009)
  - Prime Minister Chung Un-chan (September 29, 2009-2010)

Laos

Head of State: President Choummaly Sayasone (2006-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh (2006-2010)

Malaysia
- Head of State: Supreme Ruler Mizan Zainal Abidin (2006–2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (2003–3 April 2009)
  - Prime Minister Najib Razak (April 3, 2009-2018)

Maldives
- Head of State and Government: President Mohamed Nasheed (2008–2012)

Myanmar
- Head of State: Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development Than Shwe (1992–2011) (Prime Minister 1992–2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Thein Sein (2007–2011) (President since 2011)

Nepal
- Head of State: President Ram Baran Yadav (2008-2015)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal (2008–25 May 2009, 2016–2017 )
  - Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal (May 25, 2009–2011)

East Timor
- Head of State: President José Ramos-Horta (2007–2012) (Prime Minister 2006–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão (2007–2015) (2002–2007 President)

Pakistan
- Head of State: President Asif Ali Zardari (2008-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gilani (2008–2012)

Philippines
- Head of State and Government: President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001–2010)

Singapore
- Head of State: President Sellapan Ramanathan (1999-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong (since 2004)

Sri Lanka
- Head of State: President Mahinda Rajapaksa (2005–2015) (2004–2005, 2018, Prime Minister since 2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ratnasiri Wickremanayake ( 2000–2001 , 2005–2010)

Thailand
- Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva (2008–2011)

Vietnam

Head of State: President Nguyễn Minh Triết (2006–2011)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng (since 2006)

Middle East

Armenia
- Head of State: President Serzh Sargsyan (2008–2018) (2007–2008 and 2018 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tigran Sargsjan (2008-2014)

Azerbaijan

Head of State: President Ilham Aliyev (since 2003)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Artur Rasizadä ( 1996–2003 , 2003–2018)

Nagorno Karabakh (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Bako Sahakjan (since 2007)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Arajik Harutjunjan (since 2007)

Bahrain
- Head of State: King Hamad bin Isa Al Chalifa (since 1999) (Emir until 2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

Georgia

Head of State: President Mikheil Saakashvili ( 2004–2007 , 2008–2013)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Grigol Mgaloblishvili (2008–6 February 2009)

Prime Minister Nika Gilauri (February 6, 2009–2012)

Abkhazia (not recognized internationally)

Head of State: President Sergei Bagapsch (2005–2011)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Alexander Ankwab (2005–2010, since 2020 ) (2011–2014 President)

South Ossetia (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Eduard Kokoity (2001-2011)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Aslanbek Bulazew (2008–5 August 2009)

Prime Minister Vadim Browzew (August 5, 2009–2012)

Iraq
- Head of State: President Jalal Talabani (2005-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki (2006-2014)

Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) (Prime Minister 1981–1989)
- Head of Government: President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005-2013)

Israel
- Head of State: President Shimon Peres (2007–2014) (1977, 1984–1986, 1995–1996 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ehud Olmert (2006–31 March 2009)
  - Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu ( 1996–1999 , since March 31, 2009)

Yemen

Head of State: Chairman of the Presidential Council Ali Abdullah Salih (1990–2012) (President from 1994) (1978–1990 President of North Yemen)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Mujawwar (2007-2011)

Jordan
- Head of State: King Abdullah II (since 1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Nadir adh-Dhahabi (2007–14 December 2009)
  - Prime Minister Samir ar-Rifaʿi (December 14, 2009–2011)

Qatar

Head of State: Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (1995–2013) (1995–1996 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Hamad ibn Jasim ibn Jabir Al Thani (2007-2013)

Kuwait
- Head of State: Emir Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 2006) (2003-2006 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nasir al-Muhammad al-Ahmad as-Sabah (2006–2011)

Lebanon
- Head of State: President Michel Sulaiman (2008-2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Fuad Siniora (2005–9 November 2009)
  - Prime Minister Saad Hariri (November 9, 2009–2011, 2016–2020 )

Oman
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Qaboos ibn Said (1970–2020)

Palestinian Territories
- Head of State: President Mahmud Abbas (since 2005) (Prime Minister 2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ismail Haniyya (2006–2007) (continues to rule the Gaza Strip and does not recognize Fayyad)
  - Prime Minister Salam Fayyad (2007-2013) (ruled de facto in the West Bank)

Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz (2005-2015)

Syria

Head of State: President Bashar al-Assad (since 2000)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Muhammad Nadschi al-Utri (2003-2011)

Turkey
- Head of State: President Abdullah Gül (2007–2014) (2002–2003 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (2003-2014) (President since 2014)

United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Chalifa bin Zayid Al Nahyan (since 2004) (since 2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Muhammad bin Raschid Al Maktum (since 2006) (since 2006 Emir of Dubai)

Central Asia

Afghanistan
- Head of State and Government: President Hamid Karzai (2001-2014)

Kazakhstan

Head of State: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1991-2019)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Kärim Mässimow (2007–2012, since 2014 )

Kyrgyzstan
- Head of State: President Kurmanbek Bakiyev (2005-2010)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Igor Chudinov (2007–21 October 2009)
  - Prime Minister Danijar Üssenow (October 21, 2009–2010)

Mongolia
- Head of State:
  - President Nambaryn Enchbajar (2005–18 June 2009) (2000–2004 Prime Minister)
  - President Tsachiagiin Elbegdordsch (June 18, 2009–2017) (1998, Prime Minister 2004–2006)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sandschaagiin Bajar (2007–28 October 2009)
  - Prime Minister Norowyn Altanchujag (October 28, 2009– October 29, 2009, 2012–2014 ) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Süchbaataryn Batbold (October 29, 2009–2012)

Tajikistan

Head of State: President Emomalij Rahmon (since 1992)

Head of Government: Oqil Oqilow (1999-2013)

Turkmenistan
- Head of State and Government: Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (interim since December 21, 2006, as President-elect since February 14, 2007)

Uzbekistan

Head of State: President Islom Karimov (1991-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Shavkat Mirziyoyev (since 2003)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Quentin Bryce (2008-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kevin Rudd (2007-2010, 2013 )

Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
  - Queen's Representative: Frederick Tutu Goodwin (2001-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jim Marurai (2004-2010)

Fiji
- Head of State:
  - President Josefa Iloilo (2000– September 2009)
  - President Epeli Nailatikau (July 30, 2009–2015) (provisional until September 2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama (since 2007) (acting) (2000 Chairman of the Military Government)

Kiribati
- Head of State and Government: President Anote Tong (2003-2016)

Marshall Islands
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Ruben Zackhras (2008–2 November 2009) (acting)
  - President Jurelang Zedkaia (November 2, 2009–2012)

Micronesia
- Head of State or Government: President Manny Mori (2007-2015)

Nauru
- Head of State or Government: President Marcus Stephen (2007-2011)

New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Anand Satyanand (2006-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Key (since 2008)

Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Toke Talagi (since 2008)

Palau
Head of State and Government:

President Tommy Remengesau (2001–15 January 2009, since 2013 )

President Johnson Toribiong ( Jan.15 , 2009–2013)

Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
  - Governor General : Paulias Matane (2004–2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Michael Somare ( 1975–1980, 1982–1985 , 2002–2011)

Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General :
    - Nathaniel Waena (2004–7 July 2009)
    - Frank Kabui (July 7, 2009–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Derek Sikua (2007-2010)

Samoa

Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tupuola Taisi Tufuga Efi (2007–2017) (Prime Minister 1976–1982)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sailele Tuilaʻepa Malielegaoi (since 1998)

Tonga
- Head of State: King George Tupou V (2006–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Feleti Sevele (2006-2010)

Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Filoimea Telito (2005–2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Apisai Ielemia (2006-2010)

Vanuatu
- Head of State:
  - President Kalkot Mataskelekele (2004–2 September 2009)
  - President Iolu Abil (September 2, 2009–2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Edward Natapei ( 2001–2004 , 2008–2010, 2011–2011 )

Europe

Albania
- Head of State: President Bamir Topi (2007–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sali Berisha (2005–2013) (1992–1997 President)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France Nicolas Sarkozy (2007–2012)
  - Bishop of Urgell Joan Enric Vives i Sicília (since 2003)
- Head of Government:
  - District President Albert Pintat Santolària (2005–5 June 2009)
  - District President Jaume Bartumeu Cassany (June 5, 2009–2011)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Albert II (1993-2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Herman Van Rompuy (2008–25 November 2009)
  - Prime Minister Yves Leterme ( 2008 , November 25, 2009–2011)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State:
  - Chairman of the State Presidium Nebojša Radmanović ( 2006–2007 , 2008–6 July 2009, 2010–2011, 2012–2013 )
  - President of the State Presidium Željko Komšić ( 2007–2008 , July 6, 2009–2010, 2011–2012, 2013–2014, 2019–2020 )
- State Presidency:
  - Bosniaks: Haris Silajdžić (2006–2010)
  - Croatians: Željko Komšić (2006–2014, since 2018 )
  - Serbs: Nebojša Radmanović (2006-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nikola Špirić (2007–2012)

Bulgaria
- Head of State: President Georgi Parvanov (2002–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sergei Stanishev (2005–27 July 2009)
  - Prime Minister Boyko Borissow (July 27, 2009–2013, 2014–2017, since 2017 )

Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen (2001–5 April 2009)
  - Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen (April 5, 2009–2011, 2015–2019 )
- Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudmann Dan Michael Knudsen (since 2008)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Kaj Leo Johannesen (2008-2015)
- Greenland (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Imperial ombudsman Søren Hald Møller (2005–2011)
  - Head of Government:
    - Prime Minister Hans Enoksen (2002–12 June 2009)
    - Prime Minister Kuupik Kleist (June 12, 2009–2013)

Germany
- Head of State: Federal President Horst Köhler (2004–2010)
- Head of Government: Chancellor Angela Merkel (since 2005)

Estonia
- Head of State: President Toomas Hendrik Ilves (2006–2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrus Ansip (2005-2014)

Finland
- Head of State: President Tarja Halonen (2000–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen (2003-2010)

France
- Head of State: President Nicolas Sarkozy (2007–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister François Fillon (2007–2012)

Greece
- Head of State: President Karolos Papoulias (2005-2015)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis (2004–6 October 2009)
  - Prime Minister Giorgos Andrea Papandreou (October 6, 2009–2011)

Ireland
- Head of State: President Mary McAleese (1997-2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Brian Cowen (2008-2011)

Iceland
- Head of State: President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (1996–2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Geir Haarde (2006–1 February 2009)
  - Prime Minister Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir (February 1, 2009–2013)

Italy
- Head of State: President Giorgio Napolitano (2006-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi ( 1994–1995, 2001–2006 , 2008–2011)

Channel Islands
- guernsey
  - Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Vice-Governor: Fabian Malbon (2005-2011)
  - Head of Government: Chief Minister Lyndon Trott (2008–2012)
- jersey
  - Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Lieutenant Governor: Andrew Ridgway (2006-2011)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Terry Le Sueur (2008-2011)

Croatia
- Head of State: President Stjepan Mesić (2000–2010)
- Head of Government:
  - District President Ivo Sanader (2003–6 July 2009)
  - Prime Minister Jadranka Kosor (July 6, 2009–2011)

Latvia
- Head of State: President Valdis Zatlers (2007-2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ivars Godmanis ( 1990–1993 , 2007–12 March 2009)
  - Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis (March 12, 2009-2014)

Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
  - Regent: Hereditary Prince Alois (since 2004)
- Head of Government :
  - Otmar Hasler (2001–25 March 2009)
  - Klaus Tschütscher (March 25, 2009–2013)

Lithuania
- Head of State:
  - President Valdas Adamkus ( 1998–2003 , 2004–12 July 2009)
  - President Dalia Grybauskaitė (July 12, 2009–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrius Kubilius ( 1999–2000 , 2008–2012)

Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Henri (since 2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker (1995-2013)

Malta
- Head of State:
  - President Edward Fenech Adami (2004–4 April 2009) (1987–1996; Prime Minister 1998–2004)
  - President George Abela (April 4, 2009-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi (2004-2013)

Isle of Man
- Head of State: Lord of Mann Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Lieutenant Governor : Paul Haddacks (2005-2011)

Macedonia
- Head of State:
  - President Branko Crvenkovski (2004–12 May 2009) (1992–1998, Prime Minister 2002–2004)
  - President Gjorge Ivanov (May 12, 2009-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski (2006-2016)

Moldova
- Head of State:
  - President Vladimir Voronin (2001–11 September 2009)
  - Speaker of Parliament Mihai Ghimpu (September 11, 2009–2010) (acting)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Zinaida Greceanîi (2008–14 September 2009)
  - Prime Minister Vitalie Pîrlog (September 14, 2009– September 25, 2009) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Vlad Filat (September 25, 2009–2013)
- Transnistria (not internationally recognized)
  - President Igor Smirnov (1991-2011)

Monaco
- Head of State: Prince : Albert II (since 2005)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Jean-Paul Proust (2005–2010)

Montenegro

Head of State: President Filip Vujanović ( 2002–2003 , 2003–2018) (1998–2003 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Milo Đukanović ( 1991–1998, 2003–2006 , 2008–2010, 2012–2016 )

Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Beatrix (1980-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende (2002–2010)

Norway
- Head of State: King Harald V (since 1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg ( 2000–2001 , 2005–2013)

Austria
- Head of State: Federal President Heinz Fischer (2004–2016)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Werner Faymann (2008-2016)

Poland
- Head of State: President Lech Kaczyński (2005-2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Donald Tusk (2007-2014)

Portugal
- Head of State: President Aníbal Cavaco Silva (2006–2016) (1985–1995 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José Sócrates (2005-2011)

Romania
- Head of State: President Traian Băsescu (2004–2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Emil Boc (2008–2012)

Russia
- Head of State: President Dmitry Medvedev (2008–2012) (Prime Minister 2012–2020)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Vladimir Putin ( 1999–2000 , 2008–2012) (1999–2008, President since 2012)

San Marino
- Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
  - Ernesto Benedettini ( 1992 , October 1, 2008– April 1, 2009) and Assunta Meloni (October 1, 2008– April 1, 2009)
  - Massimo Cenci (April 1, 2009– October 1, 2009) and Oscar Mina (April 1, 2009– October 1, 2009)
  - Francesco Mussoni (October 1, 2009– April 1, 2010) and Stefano Palmieri (October 1, 2009– April 1, 2010)

Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt (2006–2014)

Switzerland
- Federal President : Hans-Rudolf Merz (January 1, 2009– December 31, 2009)
- Federal Council :
  - Moritz Leuenberger (1995-2010)
  - Pascal Couchepin (1998–31 October 2009)
  - Micheline Calmy-Rey (2003-2011)
  - Hans-Rudolf Merz (2004-2010)
  - Doris Leuthard (since 2006)
  - Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (2008-2015)
  - Ueli Maurer (since January 1, 2009)
  - Didier Burkhalter (November 1, 2009–2017)

Serbia
- Head of State: President Boris Tadić (2004–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mirko Cvetković (2008–2012)
- Kosovo (independent since 2008, not internationally recognized)
  - President Fatmir Sejdiu (2006-2010)
  - Prime Minister Hashim Thaçi (2008-2014) (President since 2016)

Slovakia
- Head of State: President Ivan Gašparovič (2004–2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Fico (2006–2010, 2012–2018 )

Slovenia
- Head of State: President Danilo Türk (2007–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Borut Pahor (2008–2012) (President since 2012)

Spain
- Head of State: King Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2011)

Czech Republic
- Head of State: President Václav Klaus ( 1993 , 2003–2013) (1993–1997 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek (2006–8 May 2009)
  - Prime Minister Jan Fischer (May 8, 2009-2010)

Ukraine
- Head of State: President Viktor Yushchenko (2005–2010) (Prime Minister 1999–2001)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Julija Tymoshenko ( 2005 , 2007–2010)

Hungary
- Head of State: President László Sólyom (2005-2010)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány (2004–14 April 2009)
  - Prime Minister Gordon Bajnai (April 14, 2009-2010)

Vatican city

Head of State: Pope Benedict XVI. (2005-2013)

Head of Government: President of the Governorate Giovanni Lajolo (2006-2011)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Gordon Brown (2007-2010)

Belarus
- Head of State: President Aljaksandr Lukashenka (since 1994)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sjarhej Sidorski (2003-2010)

Republic of Cyprus
- Head of State and Government: President Dimitris Christofias (2008-2013)
- Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State: President Mehmet Ali Talât (2005–2010) (2004–2005 Prime Minister)
  - Head of Government:
    - Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer (2005–5 May 2009)
    - Prime Minister Derviş Eroğlu ( 1985–1994, 1996–2004 , May 5, 2009–2010) (2010–2015 President)

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[kronbesitz-1] The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.

[2] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares