List of Heads of State 2011

Overview
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Africa

Egypt
- Head of State:
  - President Husni Mubarak (1981–11 February 2011) (1981–1982 Prime Minister)
  - Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces Mohammed Hussein Tantawi (February 11, 2011–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ahmad Nazif (2004–31 January 2011)
  - Prime Minister Ahmad Schafiq (January 31, 2011– March 7, 2011)
  - Prime Minister Essam Scharaf (March 7, 2011– December 7, 2011)
  - Prime Minister Kamal al-Ganzuri ( 1996–1999 , December 7, 2011–2012)

Algeria
- Head of State: President Abd al-Aziz Bouteflika (1999-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia ( 1995–1998, 2003–2006 , 2008–2012, 2017–2019 )

Angola
- Head of State and Government: President José Eduardo dos Santos (1979–2017)

Equatorial Guinea
- Head of State: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 1979) (until 1982 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ignacio Milam Tang (2008–2012)

Ethiopia
- Head of State: President Girma Wolde-Giorgis (2001-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Meles Zenawi (1995–2012) (1991–1995 President)

Benin
- Head of State: President Boni Yayi (2006-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Pascal Koupaki (May 28, 2011–2013) (newly created office)

Botswana
- Head of State or Government: President Ian Khama (2008-2018)

Burkina Faso
- Head of State: President Blaise Compaoré (1987-2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Tertius Zongo (2007–18 April 2011)
  - Prime Minister Luc-Adolphe Tiao (April 18, 2014)

Burundi
- Head of State and Government: President Pierre Nkurunziza (2005–2020)

Djibouti
- Head of State: President Ismail Omar Guelleh (since 1999)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita (2001-2013)

Ivory Coast (government controversial from 2010 to 2011)
- Gbagbo's election victory was announced by the Constitutional Council. He was de facto head of state, but was not recognized internationally.
  - Head of State: President Laurent Gbagbo (2000–11 April 2011)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Gilbert Marie N'gbo Aké (2010–11 April 2011)

Eritrea
- Head of State and Government: President Isayas Afewerki (since 1993)

Gabon
- Head of State: President Ali-Ben Bongo Ondimba (since 2009)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paul Biyoghé Mba (2009–2012)

Gambia
- Head of State and Government: President Yahya Jammeh (1994–2017) (until 1996 Chairman of the Provisional Government Council of the Army)

Ghana
- Head of State or Government: President John Atta Mills (2009–2012)

Guinea
- Head of State: President Alpha Condé (since 2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Saïd Fofana (2010-2015)

Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State: President Malam Bacai Sanhá ( 1999–2000 , 2009–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Carlos Gomes Júnior ( 2004–2005 , 2009–2012)

Cameroon
- Head of State: President Paul Biya (since 1982)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Philémon Yang (2009-2019)

Cape Verde
- Head of State:
  - President Pedro Pires (2001–9 September 2011) (1975–1991 Prime Minister)
  - President Jorge Carlos Fonseca (since September 9, 2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister José Maria Neves (since 2001)

Kenya

Head of State: President Mwai Kibaki (2002–2013)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Raila Odinga (2008-2013)

Comoros
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi (2006–26 May 2011)
  - President Ikililou Dhoinine (since May 26, 2011)

Democratic Republic of the Congo (until 1964 Congo-Léopoldville , 1964–1971 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1971–1997 Zaïre )
- Head of State: President Joseph Kabila (2001-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Adolphe Muzito (2008–2012)

Republic of the Congo (1960–1970 Congo-Brazzaville ; 1970–1992 People's Republic of the Congo )
- Head of State and Government: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso ( 1979–1992 , since 1997)

Lesotho
- Head of State: King Letsie III. ( 1990–1995 , since 1996)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bethuel Pakalitha Mosisili (1998–2012, 2015–2017 )

Liberia
- Head of State or Government: President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (2006–2018)

Libya
- Revolutionary leader: Muammar al-Gaddafi (1969–23 August 2011) (1969–1979 General Secretary of the General People's Congress)
- Head of State:
  - General Secretary of the General People's Congress Muhammad Abu al-Qasim az-Zuwai (2010–23 August 2011)
  - Chairman of the National Transitional Council Mustafa Abd al-Jalil (23 August 2011–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - General Secretary of the General People's Committee Al-Baghdadi Ali al-Mahmudi (2006–23 August 2011)
  - Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril (March 23, 2011– October 23, 2011) (Prime Minister of the National Transitional Council until August 23, 2011)
  - Prime Minister Ali Tarhouni (October 23, 2011– November 24, 2011) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Abdel Rahim el-Kib (November 24, 2011–2012)

Madagascar
- Head of State: President Andry Rajoelina (2009-2014, since 2019 )
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Albert-Camille Vital (2009–2 November 2011)
  - Prime Minister Omer Beriziky (November 2, 2011–2014)

Malawi
- Head of State and Government: President Bingu wa Mutharika (2004–2012)

Mali
- Head of State: President Amadou Toumani Touré ( 1991–1992 , 2002–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Modibo Sidibé (2007–3 April 2011)
  - Prime Minister Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé (April 3, 2011–2012)

Morocco
- Head of State: King Mohammed VI. (since 1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Abbas al-Fassi (2007–29 November 2011)
  - Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane (November 29, 2011-2017)

Mauritania

Head of State: President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz ( 2008–2009 , 2009–2019)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdhaf (2008-2014)

Mauritius

Head of State: President Anerood Jugnauth (2003–2012) (1982–1985, 2000–2003, 2014–2017 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam ( 1995–2000 , 2005–2014)

Mozambique
- Head of State: President Armando Guebuza (2005–2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Aires Ali (January 16, 2010–2012)

Namibia
- Head of State: President Hifikepunye Pohamba (2005-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nahas Angula (2005–2012)

Niger
- Head of State:
  - Chairman of the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy Salou Djibo (2010–7 April 2011)
  - President Mahamadou Issoufou (since April 7, 2011) (1993–1994 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mahamadou Danda (2010–7 April 2011)
  - Prime Minister Brigi Rafini (since April 7, 2011)

Nigeria
- Head of State or Government: President Goodluck Jonathan (2010-2015)

Rwanda
- Head of State: President Paul Kagame (since 2000)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Bernard Makuza (2000–7 October 2011)
  - Prime Minister Pierre Habumuremyi (October 7, 2011-2014)

Zambia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Rupiah Banda (2008–23 September 2011)
  - President Michael Sata (September 23, 2011–2014)

Sao Tome and Principe

Head of State:

President Fradique de Menezes ( 2001–2003 , 2003–3 September 2011)

President Manuel Pinto da Costa ( 1975–1991 , September 3, 2011–2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Patrice Trovoada ( 2008 , 2010–2012, 2014–2018 )

Senegal

Head of State: President Abdoulaye Wade (2000–2012)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Souleymane Ndéné Ndiaye (2009–2012)

Seychelles
- Head of State or Government: President James Alix Michel (2004–2016)

Sierra Leone
- Head of State and Government: President Ernest Koroma (2007-2018)

Zimbabwe

Head of State: President Robert Mugabe (1987–2017) (1980–1987 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai (2009-2013)

Somalia
- Head of State: President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed (2009–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed (2010–19 June 2011)
  - Prime Minister Abdiweli Mohamed Ali (June 19, 2011–2012)
- Somaliland (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State and Government: President Ahmed Mohammed Mahamoud Silanyo (since 2010)

South Africa
- Head of State and Government: President Jacob Zuma (2009–2018)

Sudan (South Sudan will become independent on July 9, 2011)
- Head of State and Government: President Umar al-Bashir (1989–2019)

South Sudan (independent since July 9, 2011)
- Head of State and Government: President Salva Kiir Mayardit (since July 9, 2011)

Swaziland

Head of State: King Mswati III. (since 1986)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini ( 1996–2003 , 2008–2018)

Tanzania
- Head of State: President Jakaya Kikwete (2005–2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda (2008-2015)

Togo

Head of State: President Faure Gnassingbé ( 2005 , since 2005)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Gilbert Houngbo (2008–2012)

Chad

Head of State: President Idriss Déby (since 1990)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Emmanuel Nadingar (2010-2013)

Tunisia
- Head of State:
  - President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali (1987–14 January 2011) (1987 Prime Minister)
  - Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi (January 14, 2011– January 15, 2011) (acting) (Prime Minister 1999–2011)
  - President of Parliament Fouad Mebazaâ (January 15, 2011– December 13, 2011) (acting)
  - President Moncef Marzouki (December 13, 2011–2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi (1999–27 February 2011)
  - Prime Minister Beji Caid Essebsi (February 27, 2011– December 24, 2011)
  - Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali (December 24, 2011–2013)

Uganda
- Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni (since 1986)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Apolo Nsibambi (1999–24 May 2011)
  - Prime Minister Amama Mbabazi (May 24, 2011–2014)

Western Sahara (controversial)
- Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz (1976-2016) (in exile)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar (2003–2018) (in exile)

Central African Republic

Head of State: President François Bozizé (2003-2013)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Faustin Archange Touadéra (2008-2013)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : David Johnston (2010-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Stephen Harper (2006-2015)

Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Felipe Calderón (2006–2012)

United States of America
- Head of State or Government: President Barack Obama (2009-2017)

Central America

Antigua and Barbuda
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Louise Lake-Tack (2007-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer (2004–2014)

Bahamas
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1973)
  - Governor General : Arthur Foulkes (2010-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham ( 1992–2002 , 2007–2012)

Barbados
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1966)
  - Governor General :
    - Clifford Husbands (1996-31 October 2011)
    - Elliot Belgrave (November 1, 2011–2012, 2012–2017 ) (acting)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Freundel Stuart (2010-2018)

Belize
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1981)
  - Governor General : Colville Young (since 1993)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Dean Barrow (since 2008)

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: President Laura Chinchilla (2010-2014)

Dominica
- Head of State: President Nicholas Liverpool (since 2003)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit (since 2004)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Leonel Fernández ( 1996–2000 , 2004–2012)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Mauricio Funes (2009-2014)

Grenada
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Governor General : Carlyle Glean (2008-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tillman Thomas (2008-2013)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Álvaro Colom Caballeros (2008–2012)

Haiti
- Head of State:
  - President René Préval ( 1996–2001 , 2006–14 May 2011)
  - President Michel Martelly (May 14, 2011-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive (2009–18 October 2011)
  - Prime Minister Garry Conille (October 18, 2011–2012)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Porfirio Lobo Sosa (2010-2014)

Jamaica
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1962)
  - Governor General : Patrick Allen (since 2009)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Bruce Golding (2007–23 October 2011)
  - Prime Minister Andrew Holness (October 23, 2011–2012)

Cuba
Head of State and Head of Government: President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers Raúl Castro (2006-2018) (provisional until 2008)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Daniel Ortega ( 1985–1990 , since 2007) (1979–1985 member of the government junta for national reconstruction)

Panama
- Head of State and Government: President Ricardo Martinelli (2009-2014)

St. Kitts and Nevis
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1983)
  - Governor General : Cuthbert Sebastian (1996–2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Denzil Douglas (1995-2015)

St. Lucia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Dame Pearlette Louisy (1997-2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Stephenson King (2007-30 November 2011)
  - Prime Minister Kenneth Anthony ( 1997-2006 , November 30, 2011-2016)

St. Vincent and the Grenadines
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1979)
  - Governor General : Frederick Ballantyne (2002–2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves (since 2001)

Trinidad and Tobago
- Head of State: President George Maxwell Richards (2003-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar (2010–2015)

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007–2015)

Bolivia
- Head of State or Government: President Evo Morales (2006-2019)

Brazil
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003–1 January 2011)
  - President Dilma Rousseff (since January 1, 2011–2016)

Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Sebastián Piñera (2010-2014)

Ecuador
- Head of State or Government: President Rafael Correa (2007-2017)

Guyana
- Head of State:
  - President Bharrat Jagdeo (1999–3 December 2011) (1999 Prime Minister)
  - President Donald Ramotar (December 3, 2011-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sam Hinds ( 1992–1997, 1997–1999 , 1999–2015) (1997 President)

Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Juan Manuel Santos (2010-2018)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Fernando Lugo (2008–2012)

Peru

Head of State:

President Alan García ( 1985–1990 , 2006– July 28, 2011)

President Ollanta Humala (July 28, 2011-2016)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister José Antonio Chang (2010–19 March 2011)

Prime Minister Rosario Fernández (March 19, 2011– July 28, 2011)

Prime Minister Salomón Lerner Ghitis (July 28, 2011– December 11 , 2011)

Prime Minister Oscar Valdés (December 11, 2011–2012)

Suriname
- Head of State and Government: President Dési Bouterse ( 1980, 1982 , 2010-2020)
- Head of Government: Vice President Robert Ameerali (2010-2015)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President José Mujica (2010–2015)

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Hugo Chávez ( 1999–2002 , 2002–2013)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bangladesh
- Head of State: President Zillur Rahman (2009-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hasina Wajed ( 1996–2001 , since 2009)

Bhutan
- Head of State: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (since 2006)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jigme Thinley ( 1998–1999 , 2003–2004 , 2008–2013)

Brunei
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (since 1967)

Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Head of State: President Ma Ying-jeou (2008-2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Wu Den-yih (2009–2012)

People's Republic of China
- Head of State: President Hu Jintao (2003-2013)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the State Council Wen Jiabao (2003-2013)

India
- Head of State: President Pratibha Patil (2007–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Manmohan Singh (2004–2014)

Indonesia
- Head of State and Government: President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004–2014)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Akihito (1989-2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Naoto Kan (2010–2 September 2011)
  - Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda (September 2, 2011–2012)

Cambodia
- Head of State: King Norodom Sihamoni (since 2004)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen (since 1985)

North Korea
- De facto ruler : Kim Jong-il (1994–17 December 2011)
- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly : Kim Yong-nam (since 1998)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Choe Yong-rim (2010-2013)

South Korea
- Head of State: President Lee Myung-bak (2008-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kim Hwang-sik (2010-2013)

Laos

Head of State: President Choummaly Sayasone (2006-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Thongsing Thammavong (2010-2016)

Malaysia
- Head of State:
  - Supreme Ruler Mizan Zainal Abidin (2006–12 December 2011)
  - Supreme Ruler Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah (since December 13, 2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Najib Razak (2009-2018)

Maldives
- Head of State and Government: President Mohamed Nasheed (2008–2012)

Myanmar
- Head of State:
  - Chairman of the State Council for Peace and Development Than Shwe (1992–30 March 2011) (1992–2003 Prime Minister)
  - President Thein Sein (since March 30, 2011) (2007–2011 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Thein Sein (2007–30 March 2011) (President since 2011) (office abolished)

Nepal
- Head of State: President Ram Baran Yadav (2008-2015)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal (2009–6 February 2011)
  - Prime Minister Jhala Nath Khanal (February 6, 2011– August 29, 2011)
  - Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai (August 29, 2011–2013)

East Timor
- Head of State: President José Ramos-Horta (2007–2012) (Prime Minister 2006–2007)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão (2007–2015) (2002–2007 President)

Pakistan
- Head of State: President Asif Ali Zardari (2008-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gilani (2008–2012)

Philippines
- Head of State and Government: President Benigno Aquino III. (2010-2016)

Singapore
- Head of State:
  - President Sellapan Ramanathan (1999–1 September 2011)
  - President Tony Tan Keng Yam (2011-2017)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong (since 2004)

Sri Lanka
- Head of State: President Mahinda Rajapaksa (2005–2015) (2004–2005, 2018, Prime Minister since 2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister D. M. Jayaratne (2010–2015)

Thailand
- Head of State: King Rama IX. Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva (2008–8 August 2011)
  - Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra (August 8, 2011–2014)

Vietnam

Head of State:

President Nguyễn Minh Triết (2006–25 July 2011)

President Trương Tấn Sang (since July 25, 2011)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng (since 2006)

Middle East

Armenia
- Head of State: President Serzh Sargsyan (2008–2018) (2007–2008 and 2018 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tigran Sargsjan (2008-2014)

Azerbaijan

Head of State: President Ilham Aliyev (since 2003)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Artur Rasizadä ( 1996–2003 , 2003–2018)

Nagorno Karabakh (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Bako Sahakjan (since 2007)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Arajik Harutjunjan (since 2007)

Bahrain
- Head of State: King Hamad bin Isa Al Chalifa (since 1999) (Emir until 2002)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (since 1971)

Georgia
- Head of State: President Mikheil Saakashvili ( 2004–2007 , 2008–2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nika Gilauri (2009–2112)
- Abkhazia (not recognized internationally)
  - Head of State:
    - President Sergei Bagapsch (2005–29 May 2011)
    - President Alexander Ankwab (May 29, 2011–2014) (provisional until September 26, 2011) (2005–2010, Prime Minister since 2020)
  - Head of Government:
    - Prime Minister Sergei Shamba (2010–27 September 2011)
    - Prime Minister Leonid Lakerbaia (September 27, 2011–2014)
- South Ossetia (not internationally recognized)
  - Head of State:
    - President Eduard Kokoity (2001–10 December 2011)
    - Prime Minister Wadim Browzew (December 11, 2011–2012) (acting)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Wadim Browzew (2009–26 April 2012)

Iraq
- Head of State: President Jalal Talabani (2005-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki (2006-2014)

Iran
- Religious head: Supreme legal scholar Ali Chamene'i (since 1989) (Prime Minister 1981–1989)
- Head of Government: President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005-2013)

Israel
- Head of State: President Shimon Peres (2007–2014) (1977, 1984–1986, 1995–1996 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu ( 1996–1999 , since 2009)

Yemen
- Head of State: President Ali Abdullah Salih (1990–2012) (1978–1990 President of North Yemen)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Mujawwar (2007-10 December 2011)
  - Prime Minister Mohammed Basindawa (December 10, 2011–2014)

Jordan
- Head of State: King Abdullah II (since 1999)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Samir ar-Rifaʿi (2009–9 February 2011)
  - Prime Minister Maruf al-Bachit ( 2005–2007 , February 9, 2011– October 24, 2011)
  - Prime Minister Aun Schaukat al-Chasauneh (October 24, 2011–2012)

Qatar

Head of State: Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (1995–2013) (1995–1996 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Hamad ibn Jasim ibn Jabir Al Thani (2007-2013)

Kuwait
- Head of State: Emir Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 2006) (2003-2006 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Nasir al-Muhammad al-Ahmad as-Sabah (2006–4 December 2011)
  - Prime Minister Jabir Mubarak al-Hamad as-Sabah (December 4, 2011-2019)

Lebanon
- Head of State: President Michel Sulaiman (2008-2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Saad Hariri (2009–13 June 2011, 2016–2020 )
  - Prime Minister Najib Miqati ( 2005 , June 13, 2011-2014)

Oman
- Head of State and Government: Sultan Qaboos ibn Said (1970–2020)

Palestinian Territories
- Head of State: President Mahmud Abbas (since 2005) (Prime Minister 2003)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ismail Haniyya (2006–2007) (continues to rule the Gaza Strip and does not recognize Fayyad)
  - Prime Minister Salam Fayyad (2007-2013) (ruled de facto in the West Bank)

Saudi Arabia
- Head of State and Government: King Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz (2005-2015)

Syria
- Head of State: President Bashar al-Assad (since 2000)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Muhammad Naji al-Utri (2003–14 April 2011)
  - Prime Minister Adel Safar (April 14, 2011–2012)

Turkey
- Head of State: President Abdullah Gül (2007–2014) (2002–2003 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (2003-2014) (President since 2014)

United Arab Emirates
- Head of State: President Chalifa bin Zayid Al Nahyan (since 2004) (since 2004 Emir of Abu Dhabi)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Muhammad bin Raschid Al Maktum (since 2006) (since 2006 Emir of Dubai)

Central Asia

Afghanistan
- Head of State and Government: President Hamid Karzai (2001-2014)

Kazakhstan

Head of State: President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1991-2019)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Kärim Mässimow (2007–2012, since 2014 )

Kyrgyzstan
- Head of State:
  - President Rosa Otunbajewa (2010–1 December 2011)
  - President Almasbek Atambayev (December 1, 2011–2017) (2007, 2010–2011 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Almasbek Atambayev ( 2007 , 2010–1 December 2011) (2011–2017 President)
  - Prime Minister Omurbek Babanow (December 1, 2011–2012) (acting until December 23, 2011)

Mongolia
- Head of State: President Tsachiagiin Elbegdordsch (2009–2017) (1998, 2004–2006 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Süchbaataryn Batbold (2009–2012)

Tajikistan

Head of State: President Emomalij Rahmon (since 1992)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Oqil Oqilow (1999-2013)

Turkmenistan
- Head of State and Government: President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (since 2006) (acting until 2007)

Uzbekistan

Head of State: President Islom Karimov (1991-2016)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Shavkat Mirziyoyev (since 2003)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General : Quentin Bryce (2008-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Julia Gillard (2010–2013)

Cook Islands (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1965)
  - Queen's Representative: Frederick Tutu Goodwin (2001-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Henry Puna (since 2010)

Fiji
- Head of State: President Epeli Nailatikau (2009–2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama (since 2007) (acting) (2000 Chairman of the Military Government)

Kiribati
- Head of State and Government: President Anote Tong (2003-2016)

Marshall Islands
- Head of State and Government: President Jurelang Zedkaia (2009–2012)

Micronesia
- Head of State or Government: President Manny Mori (2007-2015)

Nauru
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Marcus Stephen (2007– November 10, 2011)
  - President Frederick Pitcher (November 10, 2011– November 15, 2011)
  - President Sprent Dabwido (November 15, 2011–2013)

New Zealand
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Governor General :
    - Anand Satyanand (2006–23 August 2011)
    - Chief Justice Sian Elias (23 August 2011–31 August 2011) (acting)
    - Jerry Mateparae (since August 31, 2011)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister John Key (since 2008)

Niue (independent state in free association with New Zealand)
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1974)
  - Queen's Representative: Governor General of New Zealand
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Toke Talagi (since 2008)

Palau
- Head of State or Government: President Johnson Toribiong (2009-2013)

Papua New Guinea
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1975)
  - Governor General : Michael Ogio (2010–2017)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Michael Somare ( 1975–1980, 1982–1985 , 2002–2 August 2011)
  - Prime Minister Sam Abal (2010–17 January 2011, 4 April 2011–2 August 2011) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Peter O'Neill (August 2, 2011–2019)

Solomon Islands
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Frank Kabui (2009–2019)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Danny Philip (2010–16 November 2011)
  - Prime Minister Gordon Darcy Lilo (November 16, 2011–2014)

Samoa

Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Tupuola Taisi Tufuga Efi (2007–2017) (Prime Minister 1976–1982)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Sailele Tuilaʻepa Malielegaoi (since 1998)

Tonga
- Head of State: King George Tupou V (2006–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō (2010-2014)

Tuvalu
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1978)
  - Governor General : Iakoba Italeli (since 2010)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Willy Telavi (2010-2013)

Vanuatu
- Head of State: President Iolu Abil (2009-2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Sato Kilman (2010–24 April 2011, 2011, 2011–2013 )
  - Prime Minister Serge Vohor ( 1995–1996, 1996–1998, 2004 , April 24, 2011– May 13, 2011)
  - Prime Minister Sato Kilman ( 2010–2011 , May 13, 2011– June 16, 2011, 2011–2013 )
  - Prime Minister Edward Natapei ( 2001–2004, 2008–2010 , June 16, 2011– June 26, 2011)
  - Prime Minister Sato Kilman ( 2010-2011, 2011 , June 26, 2011-2013)

Europe

Albania
- Head of State: President Bamir Topi (2007–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sali Berisha (2005–2013) (1992–1997 President)

Andorra

Co-princes :

President of France Nicolas Sarkozy (2007–2012)

Bishop of Urgell Joan Enric Vives i Sicília (since 2003)

Head of Government:

District President Jaume Bartumeu Cassany (2009–28 April 2011)

District President Pere López Agràs (April 28, 2011– May 12 , 2011) (acting)

District President Antoni Martí Petit (May 12, 2011–2015, 2015–2019 )

Belgium
- Head of State: King Albert II (1993-2013)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Yves Leterme ( 2008 , 2009–6 December 2011)
  - Prime Minister Elio Di Rupo (December 6, 2011–2014)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State:
  - Chairman of the State Presidency Nebojša Radmanović ( 2006–2007, 2008–2009 , 2010–10 July 2011, 2012–2013 )
  - President of the State Presidium Željko Komšić ( 2007–2008, 2009–2010 , July 10, 2011–2012, 2013–2014, 2019–2020 )
- State Presidency:
  - Bosniaks: Bakir Izetbegović (2010-2018)
  - Croatians: Željko Komšić (2006–2014, since 2018 )
  - Serbs: Nebojša Radmanović (2006-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nikola Špirić (2007–2012)

Bulgaria
- Head of State: President Georgi Parvanov (2002–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Boyko Borissow (2009–2013, 2014–2017, since 2017 )

Denmark
- Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (since 1972)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen (2009–3 October 2011, 2015–2019 )
  - Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt (October 3, 2011–2015)
- Faroe Islands (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudmann Dan Michael Knudsen (since 2008)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Kaj Leo Johannesen (2008-2015)
- Greenland (politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
  - Representative of the Danish government:
    - Imperial Ombudsman Søren Hald Møller (2005–31 March 2011)
    - Reichsombudswoman Mikaela Engell (since April 1, 2011)
  - Head of Government: Prime Minister Kuupik Kleist (2009-2013)

Germany
- Head of State: Federal President Christian Wulff (2010–2012)
- Head of Government: Chancellor Angela Merkel (since 2005)

Estonia
- Head of State: President Toomas Hendrik Ilves (2006–2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrus Ansip (2005-2014)

Finland
- Head of State: President Tarja Halonen (2000–2012)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Mari Kiviniemi (2010–22 June 2011)
  - Prime Minister Jyrki Katainen (June 22, 2011–2014)

France
- Head of State: President Nicolas Sarkozy (2007–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister François Fillon (2007–2012)

Greece
- Head of State: President Karolos Papoulias (2005-2015)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Giorgos Andrea Papandreou (2009–11 November 2011)
  - Prime Minister Loukas Papadimos (November 11, 2011–2012)

Ireland
- Head of State:
  - President Mary McAleese (1997–11 November 2011)
  - President Michael D. Higgins (since November 11, 2011)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Brian Cowen (2008–9 March 2011)
  - Prime Minister Enda Kenny (March 9, 2011-2017)

Iceland
- Head of State: President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (1996–2016)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir (2009–2013)

Italy
- Head of State: President Giorgio Napolitano (2006-2015)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi ( 1994–1995, 2001–2006 , 2008–16 November 2011)
  - Prime Minister Mario Monti (November 16, 2011–2013) (provisional since 2012)

Channel Islands
- guernsey
  - Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Deputy Governor:
      - Fabian Malbon (2005–23 February 2011)
      - Peter Walker (April 15, 2011-2015)
  - Head of Government: Chief Minister Lyndon Trott (2008–2012)
- jersey
  - Head of State: Duchess Elisabeth II (since 1952)
    - Deputy Governor:
      - Andrew Ridgway (2006-30 June 2011)
      - John McColl (since September 26, 2011)
  - Head of Government:
    - Prime Minister Terry Le Sueur (2008-18 November 2011)
    - Prime Minister Ian Gorst (November 18, 2011-2018)

Croatia
- Head of State: President Ivo Josipović (2010–2015)
- Head of Government:
  - District President Jadranka Kosor (2009–23 December 2011)
  - District President Zoran Milanovic (December 23, 2011–2016)

Latvia
- Head of State:
  - President Valdis Zatlers (2007–8 July 2011)
  - President Andris Bērziņš (July 8, 2011–2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis (2009-2014)

Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Hans-Adam II. (Since 1989)
  - Regent: Hereditary Prince Alois (since 2004)
- Head of Government : Klaus Tschütscher (2009-2013)

Lithuania
- Head of State: President Dalia Grybauskaitė (2009-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrius Kubilius ( 1999–2000 , 2008–2012)

Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duke Henri (since 2000)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker (1995-2013)

Malta
- Head of State: President George Abela (2009-2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi (2004-2013)

Isle of Man
- Head of State: Lord of Mann Elizabeth II (since 1952)
  - Lieutenant Governor :
    - Paul Haddacks (2005–1 April 2011)
    - David Doyle (April 1, 2011– April 7, 2011) (acting)
    - Adam Wood (April 7, 2011-2016)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister James Anthony Brown (2006–11 October 2011)
  - Prime Minister Allan Bell (October 11, 2011-2016)

Macedonia
- Head of State: President Gjorge Ivanov (2009-2019)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski (2006-2016)

Moldova

Head of State: President of Parliament Marian Lupu (2010–2012) (acting)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Vlad Filat (2009-2013)

Transnistria (not internationally recognized)

President Igor Smirnov (1991–30 December 2011)

President Yevgeny Shevchuk (December 30, 2011–2016)

Monaco
- Head of State: Prince Albert II (since 2005)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Michel Roger (2010-2016)

Montenegro

Head of State: President Filip Vujanović ( 2002–2003 , 2003–2018) (1998–2003 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Igor Lukšić (2010–2012)

Netherlands
- Head of State: Queen Beatrix (1980-2013)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mark Rutte (since 2010)

Norway
- Head of State: King Harald V (since 1991)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg ( 2000–2001 , 2005–2013)

Austria
- Head of State: Federal President Heinz Fischer (2004–2016)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Werner Faymann (2008-2016)

Poland
- Head of State: President Bronisław Komorowski (2010-2015)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Donald Tusk (2007-2014)

Portugal
- Head of State: President Aníbal Cavaco Silva (2006–2016) (1985–1995 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister José Sócrates (2005–21 June 2011)
  - Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho (June 21, 2011–2015)

Romania
- Head of State: President Traian Băsescu (2004–2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Emil Boc (2008–2012)

Russia
- Head of State: President Dmitry Medvedev (2008–2012) (Prime Minister 2012–2020)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Vladimir Putin ( 1999–2000 , 2008–2012) (1999–2008, President since 2012)

San Marino
- Head of State: Capitani Reggenti
  - Giovanni Francesco Ugolini ( 2002 , October 1, 2010– April 1, 2011) and Andrea Zafferani (October 1, 2010– April 1, 2011)
  - Maria Luisa Berti (April 1, 2011– October 1, 2011) and Filippo Tamagnini (April 1, 2011– October 1, 2011)
  - Gabriele Gatti (October 1, 2011– April 1, 2012) and Matteo Fiorini (October 1, 2011– April 1, 2012)

Sweden
- Head of State: King Carl XVI. Gustaf (since 1973)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt (2006–2014)

Switzerland
- Federal President : Micheline Calmy-Rey ( 2007 , 2011)
- Federal Council :
  - Micheline Calmy-Rey (2003–31 December 2011)
  - Doris Leuthard (since 2006)
  - Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (2008-2015)
  - Ueli Maurer (since 2009)
  - Didier Burkhalter (2009-2017)
  - Johann Schneider-Ammann (since 2010)
  - Simonetta Sommaruga (since 2010)

Serbia
- Head of State: President Boris Tadić (2004–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mirko Cvetković (2008–2012)
- Kosovo (independent since 2008, not internationally recognized)
  - - President Jakup Krasniqi (2010–22 February 2011, 2011 ) (acting)
    - President Behgjet Pacolli (February 22, 2011– March 30, 2011)
    - President Jakup Krasniqi ( 2010–2011 , March 30, 2011– April 7, 2011) (acting)
    - President Atifete Jahjaga (April 7, 2011–2016)
  - Prime Minister Hashim Thaçi (2008-2014)

Slovakia
- Head of State: President Ivan Gašparovič (2004–2014)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Iveta Radičová (2010–2012)

Slovenia
- Head of State: President Danilo Türk (2007–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Borut Pahor (2008–2012) (President since 2012)

Spain
- Head of State: King Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–21 December 2011)
  - Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy (December 21, 2011-2018)

Czech Republic
- Head of State: President Václav Klaus ( 1993 , 2003–2013) (1993–1997 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Petr Nečas (2010-2013)

Ukraine
- Head of State: President Viktor Yanukovych (2010–0214) (2002–2005, 2006–2007 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mykola Azarov ( 2004, 2005 , 2010–2014)

Hungary
- Head of State: President Pál Schmitt (2010–2012)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Viktor Orbán ( 1998–2002 , since 2010)

Vatican city
- Head of State: Pope Benedict XVI. (2005-2013)
- Head of Government:
  - President of the Governorate Giovanni Lajolo (2006–1 October 2011)
  - President of the Governorate Giuseppe Bertello (since October 1, 2011)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) (crowned 1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister David Cameron (2010-2016)

Belarus
- Head of State: President Aljaksandr Lukashenka (since 1994)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Mikhail Myasnikovich (2010–2014)

Republic of Cyprus

Head of State and Government: President Dimitris Christofias (2008-2013)

Northern Cyprus (not internationally recognized)

Head of State: President Derviş Eroğlu (2010–2015) (1985–1994, 1996–2004, 2009–2010 Prime Minister)

Head of Government: Prime Minister İrsen Küçük (2010–2013)

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.
↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[kronbesitz-1] The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are areas that are directly under the British Crown. They are not part of the UK.

[2] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares